目录
本章导读
?环境配置
?0.2 设置样式
?0.3 图像另存为文件
?一,matplotilb库
?1.1 折线图
?1.1.1 调整线条颜色与风格
?1.1 调整坐标轴
?1.2 散点图
?1.3 柱形图
?1.4 多子图
1.5直方图
1.6 误差图
?1.7 面向对象的风格介绍
?1.8 三维图像简介
?点与线
三维曲面
?seaborn库-文艺青年的最爱
Pandas中绘图函数概览
?知识点回顾
本章导读
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?环境配置
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?0.2 设置样式
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?如果想永久的设置样式,可以用下面#的方法
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?0.3 图像另存为文件
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?一,matplotilb库
?1.1 折线图
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?绘制多条
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?1.1.1 调整线条颜色与风格
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?1.1 调整坐标轴
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axis前俩个设置x 后俩个y
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?紧凑
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?扁平
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?改变了字体大小
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?1.2 散点图
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from random import choice
class RandomWalk():
# '''生成一个随机漫步的类'''
def __init__(self,num_points=5000):
self.num_points = num_points
self.x_values = [0]
self.y_values = [0]
def fill_walk(self):
while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
x_direction = choice([-1,1])
x_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
x_step = x_direction*x_distance
y_direction = choice([-1,1])
y_distance = choice([0,1,2,3,4])
y_step = y_direction*y_distance
if x_step ==0 or y_step == 0:
continue
next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
self.x_values.append(next_x)
self.y_values.append(next_y)
rw = RandomWalk(10000)
rw.fill_walk()
point_numbers = list(range(rw.num_points))
plt.figure(figsize=(12,6)) #设置画布的大小
plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, c=point_numbers,cmap="inferno",s=1)
plt.colorbar()
plt.scatter(0,0,c="green",s=100)
plt.scatter(rw.x_values[-1],rw.y_values[-1],c="red",s=100)
plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])
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?1.3 柱形图
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?1.4 多子图
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1.5直方图
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%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
mu ,si = 100,15
x = mu+si*np.random.randn(10000)
plt.hist(x,50,density=True, cumulative=True, color="r")
plt.xlabel("x")
plt.ylabel("y")
plt.xlim(50,165)
plt.ylim(0,1.1)
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class Die():
# """模拟一个骰子的类"""
"模拟一个骰子的类"
def __init__(self,num_sides=6):
self.num_sides = num_sides
def roll(self):
return np.random.randint(1, self.num_sides+1)
die = Die()
results = []
for i in range(60000):
result = die.roll()
results.append(result)
plt.hist(results,bins=6,range=(0.75,6.75),align="mid",width=0.5)
plt.xlim(0,7)
'''重复两次投'''
die1 = Die()
die2 = Die()
results = []
for i in range(1000):
result = die1.roll()+die2.roll()
results.append(result)
plt.hist(results, bins=11, range=(1.75, 12.75), align="mid", width=0.5)
plt.xlim(1,13)
plt.xticks(np.arange(1,14))
1.6 误差图
x=np.linspace(0,10,50)
dy=0.5
y=np.sin(x) + dy*np.random.random(50)
plt.errorbar(x,y,yerr=dy,fmt="*r")
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?柱形误差图
menMeans = np.random.randint(10,30,size=5)
womenMeans = np.random.randint(10,30,size=5)
menStd = np.random.randint(1,6,size=5)
womenStd = np.random.randint(1,6,size=5)
# print( menMeans)
# print( womenStd)
ind = ["Gi","G2","G3","G4","G5"]
width = 0.35
p1 = plt.bar(ind, menMeans, width=width, label="Men",yerr=menStd)
p2 = plt.bar(ind, womenMeans, width=width, bottom=menMeans, label="WoMen", yerr=womenStd)
plt.ylabel("scores")
plt.title('score by group and gender')
plt.yticks(np.arange(0,81,10))
plt.legend()
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?1.7 面向对象的风格介绍
?普通图
x = np.linspace(0,5,10)
y = x**2
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,4),dpi=80) #画布大小8*4,像素dpi=80
axes = fig.add_axes([0.1,0.1,0.8,0.8]) #轴 left,bottom ,width,hight(range=0-1)
axes.plot(x,y,"--r")
axes.set_xlabel('x')
axes.set_ylabel('y')
axes.set_title('y=x^2')
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?画中画
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?多子图
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?1.8 三维图像简介
?点与线
from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")
zline = np.linspace(0,15,1000)
xline = np.sin(zline)
yline = np.cos(zline)
ax.plot3D(xline,yline,zline)
zdata = 15*np.random.random(100)
xdata = np.sin(zdata)
ydata = np.cos(zdata)
# ax.plot3D(xdata,ydata,zdata)
ax.scatter3D(xdata, ydata, zdata,c=zdata, cmap="spring")
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三维曲面
def f(x,y):
return np.sin(np.sqrt(x**2+y**2))
x = np.linspace(-6,6,30)
y = np.linspace(-6,6,30)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
Z = f(X,Y)
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")
ax.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,cmap="viridis")
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?seaborn库-文艺青年的最爱
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?先看看plt的库
x = np.linspace(0,10,500)
y=np.cumsum(np.random.randn(500,6),axis=0)
with plt.style.context("classic"):
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.legend("ABCDEF",ncol=2,loc="upper left")
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?来看看sns的
import seaborn as sns
x = np.linspace(0,10,500)
y=np.cumsum(np.random.randn(500,6),axis=0)
sns.set()
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.legend("ABCDEF",ncol=2,loc="upper left")
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iris = sns.load_dataset("iris")
iris.head()
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?含有4个维度的量
sns.pairplot(data=iris,hue="species")
?生成4*4个维度之间线性关系的图(与自己的是这3种花的概率分布)
Pandas中绘图函数概览
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散点图
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?房价和工资之间的相关性
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?知识点回顾
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