[Python知识库]项目轮播图功能实现和导航栏的实现

轮播图功能

安装依赖模块

图片处理模块

pip install pillow

上传文件相关配置

由于我们需要在后台上传我们的轮播图图片，所以我们需要在django中配置一下上传文件的相关配置，有了它之后，就不需要我们自己写上传文件，保存文件的操作了，看配置
dev.py

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# 设置django的静态文件目录
# STATICFILES_DIRS = [
#     os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static")
# ]
# 项目中存储上传文件的根目录[暂时配置]，注意，uploads目录需要手动创建否则上传文件时报错
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "uploads")
# 访问上传文件的url地址前缀
MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

总路由urls.py
在django项目中转换上传文件的Url地址，总路由urls.py新增代码：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings
import xadmin
xadmin.autodiscover()
# version模块自动注册需要版本控制的 Model
from xadmin.plugins import xversion

xversion.register_models()
urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path(r'xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
    re_path(r'media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {"document_root": settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
]

注册home子应用

因为当前功能是drf的第一个功能，所以我们先创建一个子应用home，创建在lyapi/apps目录下

cd lyapi/apps/
python manage.py startapp home

注册home子应用，因为子应用的位置发生了改变，所以为了原来子应用的注册写法，所以新增一个导包路径：
dev.py

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# 新增一个系统导包路径
import sys
#sys.path使我们可以直接import导入时使用到的路径，所以我们直接将我们的apps路径加到默认搜索路径里面去，那么django就能直接找到apps下面的应用了
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"apps"))
...
INSTALLED_APPS = [
	# 注意，加上drf框架的注册
	...
    'rest_framework',
    ...
    # 子应用
    'home',
]

创建轮播图的model模型

apps/home/models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Banner(models.Model):
    """轮播广告图模型"""
    # 模型字段
    title = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name="广告标题")
    link = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name="广告链接")
    # upload_to 设置上传文件的保存子目录,将来上传来的文件会存到我们的media下面的banner文件夹下，这里存的是图片地址。
    image_url = models.ImageField(upload_to="banner", null=True, blank=True, max_length=255, verbose_name="广告图片")
    remark = models.TextField(verbose_name="备注信息")
    is_show = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否显示")  # 将来轮播图肯定会更新，到底显示哪些
    orders = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name="排序")  # 轮播图优先显示，default数字越大越优先显示
    is_deleted = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否删除")

    # 表信息声明
    class Meta:
        db_table = "ly_banner"
        verbose_name = "轮播广告"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    # 自定义方法[自定义字段或者自定义工具方法]
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

执行数据库迁移指令

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

创建Banner的序列化器

apps/home/serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models

class BannerModelSeiralizer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Banner
        fields = ['id', 'title', 'link', 'image_url']

创建Banner的视图类

apps/home/views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
from . import models
from .serializer import BannerModelSeiralizer
# 这个是把所有的常量参数放在一个文件内，谁用谁拿
from lyapi.settings import contains
# Create your views here.
class BannerView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Banner.objects.filter(is_show=True, is_deleted=False).order_by('orders')[0:contains.BANNER_LENGTH]
    serializer_class = BannerModelSeiralizer

在settings配置文件夹中创建一个constants.py配置文件，将来里面存放我们所有的一些常量信息配置，比如上面的轮播图数据切片长度
settings/constant.py

# 轮播图显示条数
BANNER_LENGTH = 3

配置Banner的路由

总路由utils/urls.py

from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings
import xadmin
xadmin.autodiscover()
# version模块自动注册需要版本控制的 Model
from xadmin.plugins import xversion
xversion.register_models()
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    re_path(r'media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {"document_root": settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
    path(r'home/', include('home.urls')),
]

应用中的路由apps/home/urls.py

from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.conf import settings
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    path(r'banner/', views.BannerView.as_view()),
]

配置Xadmin

配置文件注册Xadmin应用

settings/dev.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
	...
    'home',
    'users',
    'xadmin',
    'crispy_forms',
    'reversion',
]

# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
# 原来配置文件中的两个原配置注掉，用我们的
# TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
# 修改使用中文界面
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'

# 修改时区
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

xadmin有建立自己的数据库模型类，需要进行数据库迁移

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

在总路由中添加xadmin的路由信息

from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings
import xadmin
xadmin.autodiscover()
# version模块自动注册需要版本控制的 Model
from xadmin.plugins import xversion
xversion.register_models()
urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path(r'xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
]

给Xadmin配置基本的站点信息

home/adminx.py

import xadmin
from xadmin import views
class BaseSetting(object):
    """xadmin的基本配置"""
    enable_themes = True  # 开启主题切换功能
    use_bootswatch = True
xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)

class GlobalSettings(object):
    """xadmin的全局配置"""
    site_title = "莽夫学城"  # 设置站点标题
    site_footer = "莽夫学城有限公司"  # 设置站点的页脚
    menu_style = "accordion"  # 设置菜单折叠
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSettings)

创建超级管理员

python manage.py createsuperuser

注册轮播图模型到xadmin中

apps/home/adminx.py
在当前子应用中创建adminx.py，添加如下代码

class BannerXadmin(object):
# 需要展示的字段用中文显示
    list_display = ['id', 'title', 'link', 'image_url', 'is_show']
# 注册Xadmin
xadmin.site.register(models.Banner, BannerXadmin)

修改后端Xadmin中子应用名称

apps/home/apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig
class HomeConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'home'
    verbose_name = '我的首页'

apps/home/__ init__.py

default_app_config = "home.apps.HomeConfig"

给轮播图添加测试数据

经过上面的操作,我们就完成了轮播图的API接口,接下来,可以考虑提交一个代码版本.

git add .
git commit -m "服务端实现轮播图的API接口"
git push origin master

web端代码获取数据

src/components/Home.vue

<template>
  <div class="home">
    <Header></Header>
    <Banner></Banner>
    <Footer></Footer>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Header from '@/components/common/Header'
import Banner from '@/components/common/Banner'
import Footer from '@/components/common/Footer'

export default {
  name: "Home",
  components: {
    Header,
    Banner,
    Footer,
  }
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>

src/components/common/Banner.vue

<template>
<!--    <h1>轮播图组件</h1>-->
    <el-carousel indicator-position="outside" height="400px">
      <el-carousel-item v-for="(value,index) in banner_list" :key="index">
        <a :href="value.link" target="_blank">
          <img :src="value.image_url" alt="" style="width: 100%;height: 400px">
        </a>
      </el-carousel-item>
    </el-carousel>
</template>
<script>
    //router-link主要用于站内页面跳转，使用的是相对路径
    //a标签用于外部链接页面跳转
export default {
  name: "Banner",
  data() {
    return {
      banner_list: [],
    }
  },
  created() {
this.$axios.get(`${this.$settings.host}/home/banner/`)
      .then((res) => {
        this.banner_list = res.data;
      })
      .catch((error) => {
      })
  },
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>

导航栏的实现

前端导航栏子组件Header的代码

lyweb/src/components/common/Header.vue

<template>
  <div class="total-header">
    <div class="header">
      <el-container>
        <el-header height="80px" class="header-cont">
          <el-row>
            <el-col class="logo" :span="3">
              <a href="/">
                <img src="@/assets/head-logo.svg" alt="">
              </a>
            </el-col>
            <el-col class="nav" :span="10">
              <el-row>
                <el-col :span="4" v-for="(top_nav, index) in  nav_top_list" :key="top_nav.id">

                  <router-link :to="top_nav.link" v-if="!top_nav.is_site">{{ top_nav.title }}</router-link>
                  <a :href="top_nav.link" target="_blank" v-else>{{ top_nav.title }}</a>
                </el-col>
              </el-row>
            </el-col>
            <el-col :span="11" class="header-right-box">
              <div class="search">
                <input type="text" id="Input" placeholder="请输入想搜索的课程" style="" @blur="inputShowHandler"
                       ref="Input" v-show="!s_status">
                <ul @click="ulShowHandler" v-show="s_status" class="search-ul">
                  <span>Python</span>
                  <span>Linux</span>
                </ul>
                <p>
                  <img class="icon" src="@/assets/sousuo1.png" alt="" v-show="s_status">
                  <img class="icon" src="@/assets/sousuo2.png" alt="" v-show="!s_status">
                  <img class="new" src="@/assets/new.png" alt="">
                </p>
              </div>
              <div class="register" v-show="!token">
                <router-link to="/login">
                  <button class="signin">登录</button>
                </router-link>
                &nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;
                <a target="_blank" href="https://www.luffycity.com/signup">
                  <router-link to="/register">
                    <button class="signup">注册</button>
                  </router-link>
                </a>
              </div>
              <div class="shop-car" v-show="token">
                <router-link to="/cart">
                  <b>6</b>
                  <img src="@/assets/shopcart.png" alt="">
                  <span>购物车 </span>
                </router-link>
              </div>
              <div class="nav-right-box" v-show="token">
                <div class="nav-right">
                  <router-link to="/myclass">
                    <div class="nav-study">我的教室</div>
                  </router-link>
                  <div class="nav-img" @mouseover="personInfoList" @mouseout="personInfoOut">
                    <img src="@/assets/touxiang.png" alt="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(243, 243, 243);">
                    <ul class="home-my-account" v-show="list_status" @mouseover="personInfoList">
                      <li>
                        我的账户
                        <img src="" alt="@/assets/back.svg">
                      </li>
                      <li>
                        我的订单
                        <img src="@/assets/back.svg" alt="">
                      </li>
                      <li>
                        贝里小卖铺
                        <img src="@/assets/back.svg" alt="">
                      </li>
                      <li>
                        我的优惠券
                        <img src="@/assets/back.svg" alt="">
                      </li>
                      <li>
                    <span>
                      我的消息
                      <b>(26)</b>
                    </span>
                        <img src="" alt="">
                      </li>
                      <li>
                        退出
                        <img src="" alt="">
                      </li>
                    </ul>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </el-col>
          </el-row>
        </el-header>
      </el-container>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  name: "Header",
  data() {
    return {
      // 设置一个登录状态的标记，因为登录注册部分在登录之后会发生变化
      token: false,  //  false  -- not login     true -- login
      s_status: true, // 控制放大镜颜色切换
      list_status: false, // 控制个人中心下拉菜单是否显示
      nav_top_list: [],
      where: 0, // 记录token的存放位置
    }
  },
  methods: {
    checklogin() {
      if (localStorage.token) {

        this.token = localStorage.token
        this.where = 1;
      } else if (sessionStorage.token) {
        this.token = sessionStorage.token
        this.where = 0;
      } else {
        return false;
      }
      // this.token = localStorage.token || sessionStorage.token;
this.$axios.post(`${this.$settings.host}/users/verify_token/`, {
        token: this.token,
      })
        .then((res) => {
          if (this.where === 0) {
            sessionStorage.token = res.data.token;
          } else {
            localStorage.token = res.data.token;
          }
        })
        .catch((error) => {
          this.$confirm('请重新登录', '提示', {
            confirmButtonText: '确定',
            cancelButtonText: '取消',
            type: 'warning'
          }).then(() => {
            this.$router.push('/login');
          }).catch(() => {
            this.token = false;
          })
        })
    },
    ulShowHandler() {
      this.s_status = false;
      // console.log(this.$refs.Input);
      // this.$refs.Input.focus();
      this.$nextTick(() => {  //延迟回调方法，Vue中DOM更新是异步的,也就是说让Vue去显示我们的input标签的操作是异步的，如果我们直接执行this.$refs.Input.focus();是不行的，因为异步的去显示input标签的操作可能还没有完成，所有我们需要等它完成之后在进行DOM的操作，需要借助延迟回调对DOM进行操作，这是等这次操作对应的所有Vue中DOM的更新完成之后，在进行nextTick的操作。
        this.$refs.Input.focus();
      })
    },
    inputShowHandler() {
      // console.log('xxxxx')
      this.s_status = true;
    },
    personInfoList() {
      this.list_status = true;
    },
    personInfoOut() {
      this.list_status = false;
    },
    get_nav_data() {
this.$axios.get(`${this.$settings.host}/home/nav/top`)
        .then((res) => {
          this.nav_top_list = res.data;
        })
        .catch((error) => {
        })
    },
  },
  created() {
    this.get_nav_data();
    this.checklogin();
  }
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.header-cont .nav .active {
  color: #f5a623;
  font-weight: 500;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #f5a623;
}
.total-header {
  min-width: 1200px;
  z-index: 100;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 hsla(0, 0%, 59%, .1);
}
.header {
  width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.header .el-header {
  padding: 0;
}
.logo {
  height: 80px;
  /*line-height: 80px;*/
  /*text-align: center;*/
  display: flex; /* css3里面的弹性布局，高度设定好之后，设置这个属性就能让里面的内容居中 */
  align-items: center;
}
.nav .el-row .el-col {
  height: 80px;
  line-height: 80px;
  text-align: center;
}
.nav a {
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 400;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: #4a4a4a;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.nav .el-row .el-col a:hover {
  border-bottom: 2px solid #f5a623
}
.header-cont {
  position: relative;
}
.search input {
  width: 185px;
  height: 26px;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #4a4a4a;
  border: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ffc210;
  outline: none;
}
.search ul {
  width: 185px;
  height: 26px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid hsla(0, 0%, 59%, .25);
  cursor: text;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.search .search-ul, .search #Input {
  padding-top: 10px;
}
.search ul span {
  color: #545c63;
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 3px 12px;
  background: #eeeeef;
  cursor: pointer;
  margin-right: 3px;
  border-radius: 11px;
}
.hide {
  display: none;
}
.search {
  height: auto;
  display: flex;
}
.search p {
  position: relative;
  margin-right: 20px;
  margin-left: 4px;
}
.search p .icon {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.search p .new {
  width: 18px;
  height: 10px;
  position: absolute;
  left: 15px;
  top: 0;
}
.register {
  height: 36px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  line-height: 36px;
}
.register .signin, .register .signup {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #5e5e5e;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.register button {
  outline: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
}
.register a {
  color: #000;
  outline: none;
}
.header-right-box {
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: 15px;
  color: #4a4a4a;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 0;
}
.shop-car {
  width: 99px;
  height: 28px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  margin-right: 20px;
  background: #f7f7f7;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  position: relative;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.shop-car b {
  position: absolute;
  left: 28px;
  top: -1px;
  width: 18px;
  height: 16px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 350;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #ff0826;
  overflow: hidden;
  transform: scale(.8);
}
.shop-car img {
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  margin-right: 7px;
}
.nav-right-box {
  position: relative;
}
.nav-right-box .nav-right {
  float: right;
  display: flex;
  height: 100%;
  line-height: 60px;
  position: relative;
}
.nav-right .nav-study {
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #5e5e5e;
  margin-right: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.nav-right .nav-study:hover {
  color: #000;
}
.nav-img img {
  width: 26px;
  height: 26px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: inline-block;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.home-my-account {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 60px;
  z-index: 101;
  width: 190px;
  height: auto;
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 #d0d0d0;
}
li {
  list-style: none;
}
.home-my-account li {
  height: 40px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #5e5e5e;
  padding-left: 20px;
  padding-right: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.home-my-account li img {
  cursor: pointer;
  width: 5px;
  height: 10px;
}
.home-my-account li span {
  height: 40px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}
.home-my-account li span b {
  font-weight: 300;
  margin-top: -2px;
}
</style>

导航栏底部组件
lyweb/src/components/common/Footer.vue

<template>
    <div class="footer">
      <div class="footer-item">
        <div class="foot-left">
        <div class="foot-content">
          <p>
            <span>关于我们</span>
            &nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;
            <span>贝里小卖铺</span>
          </p>
          <p>
            地址：......
          </p>
          <p>
             ..........
            <a class="copyright" href="http://beian.miit.gov.cn" target="_blank" >京ICP备17072161号-1</a>
          </p>
          <p>
            <a class="report-link" target="_blank" href="http://www.beian.gov.cn/portal/registerSystemInfo?recordcode=11010102002019&amp;token=1ee3034d-ba3a-4cc3-89d4-89875e2dd0b1">
              <img class="report-img" src="//img.alicdn.com/tfs/TB1..50QpXXXXX7XpXXXXXXXXXX-40-40.png" style="float:left" >
              京公网安备 11010102002019号
            </a>
          </p>
        </div>
      </div>
        <img src="@/assets/code.png" alt="" class="code">
      </div>
    </div>
</template>
<script>
    export default {
        name: "Footer"
    }
</script>
<style scoped>
  .footer{
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    width: 100%;
    height: 140px;
    flex-direction: column;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #191c25;
  }
  .footer .foot-left{
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
  }
  .footer .foot-left .foot-content p{
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: #d0d0d0;
  }
  .footer-item{
    width: 960px;
    height: 100%;
    justify-content: space-between;
  }
  .foot-left{
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    float: left;
  }
  .foot-content a{
    color: #d0d0d0;
  }
  .footer .foot-left .foot-content p:first-child span{
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 400;
    display: inline-block;
    font-family: PingFangSC-Regular;
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  .foot-content .report-img{
    display: inline-block;
    height: 20px;
    margin-right: 12px;
  }
  .footer-item .code{
    width: 74px;
    height: auto;
    margin-right: 100px;
    float: right;
    padding-top: 30px;
  }
</style>

后端导航栏的实现

设计导航栏的model模型类

lyapi/lyapi/apps/home/models.py

class Nav(BaseModel):
    """导航菜单模型"""
    POSITION_OPTION = (
        (1, "顶部导航"),
        (2, "脚部导航"),
    )
    title = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name="导航标题")
    link = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name="导航链接")
    position = models.IntegerField(choices=POSITION_OPTION, default=1, verbose_name="导航位置")
    is_site = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否是站外地址")
    class Meta:
        db_table = 'ly_nav'
        verbose_name = '导航菜单'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    # 自定义方法[自定义字段或者自定义工具方法]
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

在Xadmin中注册导航栏模型类

from home import models
import xadmin
from xadmin import views
# 导航栏菜单
class NavXadmin(object):
    list_display = ['id', 'title', 'link', 'position', 'is_site']
# 注册Xadmin
xadmin.site.register(models.Nav, NavXadmin)

数据库迁移指令

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

在Xadmin中添加一些导航栏数据

序列化器

lyapi/apps/home/serializer.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
class NavModelSeiralizer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Nav
        fields = ['id', 'title', 'link', 'is_site']

视图代码

lyapi/lyapi/apps/home/views.py

from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
from . import models
from .serializer import BannerModelSeiralizer, NavModelSeiralizer
from lyapi.settings import contains
class NavTopView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Nav.objects.filter(is_show=True, is_deleted=False, position=1).order_by('orders')[
               0:contains.NAV_TOP_LENGTH]
    serializer_class = NavModelSeiralizer

常量配置

lyapi/lyapi/settings/contains.py

# 轮播图显示条数
BANNER_LENGTH = 3
# 顶部导航栏显示个数
NAV_TOP_LENGTH = 6
# 脚部导航的数量
FOOTER_NAV_LENGTH = 6

路由代码

lyapi/lyapi/apps/home/urls.py

from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.conf import settings
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    path(r'banner/', views.BannerView.as_view()),
    path(r'nav/top/', views.NavTopView.as_view()),
]