[Python知识库]软件工程项目——租船系统（Python+PyQt5实现）

任务要求

1. 用户输入S，开始租船；输入E，停止租船。
2. 当一天结束后，统计出每条船的租借情况，打印出最短出租时间、最长出租时间等。
3. 管理员定时向船只发送信号，若船只无法收到信号，则判断该船只已丢失。

外部支持库说明

1. 使用PyQt5设计GUI，安装方法参考前文：PyQt5 安装教程
2. 使用graphviz和pyreverse生成UML类图，graphviz安装参考前文：python graphviz画图
   pyreverse安装：pip install pylint，类图生成命令：pyreverse -ASmy -o png a/
   注：a为存放代码的目录，使用前需将代码名称改为__init__.py，否则有以下报错
   

类的设计

总体类的设计较简单，答题分为两个类，一个是GUI部分，另一个是GUI的逻辑实现部分，其中rent_1类函数用于实现租船细节，showtime_1类函数用于计算时间，transform函数用于处理船只是否丢失。

结果分析

部分运行结果如图所示：

统计结果：

有关作者信息：

报错解决

1. python执行函数，报错TypeError: rent_1() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given
   这个报错的意思是此函数只接收一个变量，而实际使用中传入了两个变量。这是因为我一开始在编写python类函数时，并没有在类函数参数列表中写入self，加入self即可。
   所以，在python调用类对象时，必须要在类的函数的参数列表中写入self，以表示函数本身。
2. 关于QMessageBox.about()函数
   QMessageBox是QT里一种使用非常简单的小窗口，about函数用于填入内容，其函数原型为：

(method) about: (parent: QWidget, caption: str, text: str) -> None

所以，除此窗口本身外，该函数只能传入两个字符串型的参数。
3. 关于QTime类的应用

self.timer.start(1000)
self.rent_time.stop()

开始计时，括号内单位为毫秒，表示多久更新一次

self.sum1 = temp.secsTo(rtime)

两个QTime类之间，可以使用secsTo()函数计算时间差，精确到秒

系统分析总结

1. 基于实用性考虑，调用数据库进行租赁信息的增删查改更为合理有效。
2. 对于信号发射接收，可以考虑网络通讯和多线程。

全部源代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'rboat.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.6
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again.  Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
# 作者：L-M-Y
import numbers
import threading
from tokenize import String
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QTextEdit
from matplotlib import widgets
from PyQt5.QtCore import QDate, QTime, QDateTime, Qt
import time

# GUI模块


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(928, 826)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(280, 20, 341, 81))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label.setFont(font)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 230, 71, 31))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label_2.setFont(font)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 360, 71, 21))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label_3.setFont(font)
        self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
        self.label_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 490, 71, 21))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label_4.setFont(font)
        self.label_4.setObjectName("label_4")
        self.label_5 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 610, 71, 21))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label_5.setFont(font)
        self.label_5.setObjectName("label_5")
        self.label_6 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_6.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(71, 135, 71, 31))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label_6.setFont(font)
        self.label_6.setObjectName("label_6")
        self.label_7 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_7.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 130, 151, 41))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label_7.setFont(font)
        self.label_7.setObjectName("label_7")
        self.label_8 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_8.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(480, 130, 101, 41))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label_8.setFont(font)
        self.label_8.setObjectName("label_8")
        self.label_9 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_9.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(700, 140, 81, 21))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.label_9.setFont(font)
        self.label_9.setObjectName("label_9")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(620, 720, 121, 51))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(13)
        self.pushButton.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.line = QtWidgets.QFrame(self.centralwidget)
        self.line.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 170, 881, 16))
        self.line.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.HLine)
        self.line.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Sunken)
        self.line.setObjectName("line")
        self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 720, 121, 51))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(13)
        self.pushButton_2.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
        self.textBrowser_9 = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
        self.textBrowser_9.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(640, 80, 251, 31))
        self.textBrowser_9.setObjectName("textBrowser_9")
        self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(480, 210, 91, 51))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.pushButton_3.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
        self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(690, 210, 91, 51))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_4.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4")
        self.pushButton_5 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(480, 340, 91, 51))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.pushButton_5.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_5.setObjectName("pushButton_5")
        self.pushButton_6 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_6.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(690, 340, 91, 51))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.pushButton_6.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_6.setObjectName("pushButton_6")
        self.pushButton_7 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_7.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(480, 610, 91, 51))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.pushButton_7.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_7.setObjectName("pushButton_7")
        self.pushButton_8 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_8.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(480, 470, 91, 51))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.pushButton_8.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_8.setObjectName("pushButton_8")
        self.pushButton_9 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_9.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(690, 470, 91, 51))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.pushButton_9.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_9.setObjectName("pushButton_9")
        self.pushButton_10 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_10.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(690, 610, 91, 51))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(12)
        self.pushButton_10.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_10.setObjectName("pushButton_10")
        self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
        self.textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 200, 171, 31))
        self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser")
        self.textBrowser_2 = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
        self.textBrowser_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 260, 171, 31))
        self.textBrowser_2.setObjectName("textBrowser_2")
        self.textBrowser_3 = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
        self.textBrowser_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 330, 171, 31))
        self.textBrowser_3.setObjectName("textBrowser_3")
        self.textBrowser_5 = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
        self.textBrowser_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 390, 171, 31))
        self.textBrowser_5.setObjectName("textBrowser_5")
        self.textBrowser_6 = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
        self.textBrowser_6.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 460, 171, 31))
        self.textBrowser_6.setObjectName("textBrowser_6")
        self.textBrowser_7 = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
        self.textBrowser_7.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 520, 171, 31))
        self.textBrowser_7.setObjectName("textBrowser_7")
        self.textBrowser_8 = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
        self.textBrowser_8.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 590, 171, 31))
        self.textBrowser_8.setObjectName("textBrowser_8")
        self.textBrowser_10 = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
        self.textBrowser_10.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 650, 171, 31))
        self.textBrowser_10.setObjectName("textBrowser_10")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 928, 26))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.label.setText(_translate(
            "MainWindow", "LMY\'S Boat Renting System"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "boat 1"))
        self.label_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "boat 2"))
        self.label_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "boat 3"))
        self.label_5.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "boat 4"))
        self.label_6.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "ID"))
        self.label_7.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Renting Time"))
        self.label_8.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Renting"))
        self.label_9.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Status"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Sum"))
        self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Author"))
        self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "S"))
        self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Safe"))
        self.pushButton_5.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "S"))
        self.pushButton_6.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Safe"))
        self.pushButton_7.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "S"))
        self.pushButton_8.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "S"))
        self.pushButton_9.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Safe"))
        self.pushButton_10.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Safe"))

# GUI逻辑功能部分


class NameController(QtWidgets.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        global cnt
        i = 0
        self.flag_1 = "0"
        self.sum1 = 0
        self.sum2 = "0"
        self.sum3 = "0"
        self.sum4 = "0"
        self.rent = []
        self.overall_string = "Date : "
        for i in range(4):
            self.rent.append(0)
        cnt = 1
        push = 0
        super().__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)
        time = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
        timedisplay = time.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")  # 格式化时间
        rtime = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
        rtimedisplay = rtime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")  # 格式化时间
        self.textBrowser_9.setText(timedisplay)
        self.timer = QTimer()
        self.timer.start(1000)  # 时间类开始运转，每秒更新一次
        self.rent_time = QTimer()
        self.rent_time_2 = QTimer()
        self.rent_time_3 = QTimer()
        self.rent_time_4 = QTimer()

        self.timer.timeout.connect(self.showtime)
        self.pushButton_3.clicked.connect(self.rent_1)
        self.pushButton_5.clicked.connect(self.rent_2)
        self.pushButton_8.clicked.connect(self.rent_3)
        self.pushButton_7.clicked.connect(self.rent_4)
        self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(lambda: QMessageBox.about(
            self, "About the author", "Name: Liu MiYi\n Class: Computer Science\nDate: 2022.9.23"))

        ''' self.pushButton.clicked.connect(lambda: QMessageBox.about(
            self, "About the renting of boats", self.overall_string)) '''
        self.push_1 = 0
        self.push_2 = 0
        self.push_3 = 0
        self.push_4 = 0

        # self.end_time1 = "0"

        self.pushButton_4.clicked.connect(self.transform_1)
        self.pushButton_6.clicked.connect(self.transform_2)
        self.pushButton_9.clicked.connect(self.transform_3)
        self.pushButton_10.clicked.connect(self.transform_4)

    def transform_1(self):
        self.pushButton_4.setText("Safe")

    def transform_2(self):
        self.pushButton_6.setText("Safe")

    def transform_3(self):
        self.pushButton_9.setText("Safe")

    def transform_4(self):
        self.pushButton_10.setText("Safe")

    def rent_1(self):
        self.push_1 = self.push_1+1
        # print(self.push_1)
        self.rent_time.start(1000)
        self.rent_time.timeout.connect(self.showtime_1)
        self.pushButton_3.setText("E")
        if(self.push_1 == 1):
            rttime = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
            global temp
            temp = rttime
            rttimedisplay = rttime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")
            rt = rttimedisplay[0:19]
            okl = int(rttimedisplay[11:13])
            # print(okl)
            if(okl < 13):
                self.overall_string = self.overall_string + \
                    rttimedisplay[5:10]+" Morning\nBoat1 Renting Time : "
            else:
                self.overall_string = self.overall_string + \
                    rttimedisplay[5:10]+" Afternoon\nBoat1 Renting Time : "
            self.textBrowser.setText(rt)
        if(self.push_1 == 2):
            self.pushButton_3.setText("S")
            self.rent_time.stop()
            self.overall_string = self.overall_string + \
                str(self.rent[0])+"seconds\nBoat1 Renting Time: "

    def showtime_1(self):
        rtime = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
        rtimedisplay = rtime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")  # 格式化时间
        r = rtimedisplay[0:19]
        self.flag_1 = rtimedisplay[18]
        if(self.flag_1 == "5"):
            self.pushButton_4.setText("Lost")
        self.textBrowser_2.setText(r)
        self.sum1 = temp.secsTo(rtime)
        self.rent[0] = self.sum1

    def rent_2(self):
        self.push_2 = self.push_2+1
        self.rent_time_2.start(1000)
        self.rent_time_2.timeout.connect(self.showtime_2)
        self.pushButton_5.setText("E")
        if(self.push_2 == 1):
            rttime_2 = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
            rttimedisplay_2 = rttime_2.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")
            rt_2 = rttimedisplay_2[0:19]
            global temp2
            temp2 = rttime_2
            self.textBrowser_3.setText(rt_2)
        if(self.push_2 == 2):
            # self.textBrowser_2.setText(self.end_time1)
            self.pushButton_5.setText("S")
            self.rent_time_2.stop()
            self.overall_string = self.overall_string + \
                str(self.rent[1])+" seconds\n"+"Boat3 Renting Time : "
        # print(self.push_1)

    def showtime_2(self):
        rtime = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
        rtimedisplay = rtime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")  # 格式化时间
        r = rtimedisplay[0:19]
        self.flag_2 = rtimedisplay[18]
        if(self.flag_2 == "5"):
            self.pushButton_6.setText("Lost")
        self.textBrowser_5.setText(r)
        self.sum2 = temp2.secsTo(rtime)
        self.rent[1] = self.sum2
        # print(self.rent[1])

    def rent_3(self):
        self.push_3 = self.push_3+1
        self.rent_time_3.start(1000)
        self.rent_time_3.timeout.connect(self.showtime_3)
        self.pushButton_8.setText("E")
        if(self.push_3 == 1):
            rttime_3 = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
            rttimedisplay_3 = rttime_3.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")
            global temp3
            temp3 = rttime_3
            rt_3 = rttimedisplay_3[0:19]
            self.textBrowser_6.setText(rt_3)
        if(self.push_3 == 2):
            self.pushButton_8.setText("S")
            self.rent_time_3.stop()
            self.overall_string = self.overall_string + \
                str(self.rent[2])+" seconds\n"+"Boat4 Renting Time : "

    def showtime_3(self):
        rtime = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
        rtimedisplay = rtime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")  # 格式化时间
        r = rtimedisplay[0:19]
        self.flag_3 = rtimedisplay[18]
        self.sum3 = temp3.secsTo(rtime)
        self.rent[2] = self.sum3
        if(self.flag_3 == "5"):
            self.pushButton_9.setText("Lost")
        self.textBrowser_7.setText(r)

    def rent_4(self):
        self.push_4 = self.push_4+1
        self.rent_time_4.start(1000)
        self.rent_time_4.timeout.connect(self.showtime_4)
        self.pushButton_7.setText("E")
        if(self.push_4 == 1):
            rttime_4 = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
            rttimedisplay_4 = rttime_4.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")
            global temp4
            temp4 = rttime_4
            rt_4 = rttimedisplay_4[0:19]
            self.textBrowser_8.setText(rt_4)
        if(self.push_4 == 2):
            self.pushButton_7.setText("S")
            self.rent_time_4.stop()
            num_boats = 0
            if(self.pushButton_4.text() == "Safe"):
                num_boats = num_boats+1
            if(self.pushButton_6.text() == "Safe"):
                num_boats = num_boats+1
            if(self.pushButton_9.text() == "Safe"):
                num_boats = num_boats+1
            if(self.pushButton_10.text() == "Safe"):
                num_boats = num_boats+1

            self.overall_string = self.overall_string + \
                str(self.rent[3])+" seconds\nMax Renting Time : " + \
                str(max(self.rent))+" seconds\nMin Renting Time : " + \
                str(min(self.rent)) + \
                " seconds\n"+"The Number of Boats :" + str(num_boats)
            self.pushButton.clicked.connect(lambda: QMessageBox.about(
                self, "About the renting of boats", self.overall_string))
        # print(self.push_1)

    def showtime_4(self):
        rtime = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
        rtimedisplay = rtime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")  # 格式化时间
        r = rtimedisplay[0:19]
        self.flag_4 = rtimedisplay[18]
        self.sum4 = temp4.secsTo(rtime)
        self.rent[3] = self.sum4
        if(self.flag_4 == "5"):
            self.pushButton_10.setText("Lost")
        self.textBrowser_10.setText(r)

    def showtime(self):
        if(cnt):
            time = QDateTime.currentDateTime()  # 获取当前时间
            timedisplay = time.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss dddd")  # 格式化时间
            self.textBrowser_9.setText(timedisplay)
        else:
            self.timer.stop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)    # Instantiate an app
    window = NameController()       # Instantiate a window
    window.show()                   # Show window at default size
    # Run the app and do some cleanup when the app exits
    sys.exit(app.exec_())