[Python知识库]Python Request get post 代理 常用示例

Python Request get post 代理 常用示例

以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、Pip install requests

pip3 install requests -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

二、Requests 请求时携带的常用参数

1、参数说明

2、headers

    def get_headers():
        user_gent = [
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/'
            '537.36',
            "MQQBrowser/25 (Linux; U; 2.3.3; zh-cn; HTC Desire S Build/GRI40;480*800)",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.122 Safari/534.30",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.835.202 Safari/535.1",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; SAMSUNG; OMNIA7)",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0; XBLWP7; ZuneWP7)",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.2) AppleWebKit/534.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/12.0.742.122 Safari/534.30",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:5.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/5.0",
            "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 60; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
            "Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 5.1; U; zh-cn) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.50",
            "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)",
            "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; TheWorld)"
        ]
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': user_gent[random.randint(0, len(user_gent) - 1)],
        }
        return headers

3、requests 常用参数:url、headers、proxies、verify、timeout

url = "https://www.baidu.com/"  # 需要请求的链接
headers = {"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"}  # headers = get_headers()
proxies = { 'http': f'http://{ip}:{port}', 'https': f'http://{ip}:{port}'}  # IP代理 注意http和https都要写
proxies = { 'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:10809','https': 'http://127.0.0.1:10809'}  # 添加系统代理VPN
verify = Flase  # 使用IP代理或VPN时设置为False
timeout = 5  # 每次请求连接超过5秒未响应抛出异常

三、Requests Get Post

1、Get

params={"key":"value"}  # url中传递的参数，效果如：http://www.baidu.com?key=value
response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, params=params, proxies=proxies, verify = Flase, timeout=5)

2、Post

parameter = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
# requests.post() 方法 json与data说明
# 在chrom浏览器中，数据格式为Form Data，则用data来发送数据，也可根据{}(花括号来区分)
# 在chrom浏览器中，数据格式为Request Payload，则用json来发送数据，也可根据{}(花括号来区分)
response = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers, data=parameter, proxies=proxies, verify = Flase, timeout=5)
files = {"file":open("xxx.txt","rb")}  # 提交文件
response = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers, files=files , proxies=proxies, verify = Flase, timeout=5)

Request Form Data 用 data，
Request Payload 用json
关于文件上传可参考我的这篇博客:requests post 文件上传https://blog.csdn.net/EXIxiaozhou/article/details/126975807

四、Requests 常用代码

1、常用的请求代码

import requests
from requests import exceptions
request_count = 0
while request_count < 3:
    try:
        response = requests.get(url=url, headers=get_headers(), proxies=proxy,  verify = Flase, timeout=5)
        print(f"{xxxx} - 请求成功 {url} IP:{self.proxy}\n", end='')
        break
    except request_exceptions.ConnectTimeout:
        print(f'{xxxx} - 请求失败 ConnectTimeout! IP:{self.proxy}\n', end='')
    except request_exceptions.RequestException:
        print(f'{xxxx} - 请求失败 RequestException! IP:{self.proxy}\n', end='')
    proxy = proxy_obj.get_proxy()  # 关于IP代理的详细内容请关注我的更多博客
    request_count += 1

2、requests 文件下载

import requests
url = "https://xxxx.pdf"
file_path = 'xxxx.pdf'
response = requests.get(url=url, headers=get_headers(), proxies=proxy,  verify = Flase, timeout=5)
with open(file_path , 'wb') as fis:
    for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=1000):
        fis.write(chunk)
        fis.flush()

3、response 常用属性介绍

response.statis_code  # 返回状态，200表示连接成功
response.text  # 响应内容的字符串形式，url链接的内容
response.encoding  # 响应内容的编码方式，header中不存在charset，则认为编码为ISO‐8859‐1
response.apparent_encoding  # 内容中分析出响应内容的编码方式
response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding  # 或=UTF-8
response.content  # 响应内容的二进制形式
response.raise_for_status()  # 不是200则抛出异常
response.cookies()  # 返回一个字典类型的属性
response.json()  # 如果返回的是json则可以根据解析字典的方式提取内容

五、Requests 异常处理

1.常用的异常处理

from requests import exceptions
try:
    # 需要执行的代码
except exceptions.ConnectTimeout:
    print(f'{xxxx} - 请求失败 连接超时! IP:{self.proxy}\n', end='')
except exceptions.RequestException:
    print(f'{xxxx} - 请求失败 请求异常! IP:{self.proxy}\n', end='')
except exceptions.ReadTimeout:
	print(f'{xxxx} - 请求失败 代理读取超时! IP:{self.proxy}\n', end='')
except exceptions.ProxyError:
	print(f'{xxxx} - 请求失败 代理连接不上! IP:{self.proxy}\n', end='')
except exceptions.ConnectionError:
	print(f'{xxxx} - 请求失败 未知的服务器 or 网络环境异常! IP:{self.proxy}\n', end='')
except Exception:
	print(f'{xxxx} - 请求失败 以上未捕捉到的异常!}\n', end='')

总结

以上就是今天要讲的内容，本文仅仅简单介绍了requests的使用，而requests提供了大量能使我们快速便捷请求网络资源的函数和方法，后续有关于requests的常用代码会在这篇博客中持续更新；
Requests 中文文档：https://www.w3cschool.cn/requests2