前言

近期在对栅格数据进行处理的过程中需要用到rasterio库，在使用pycharm安装的过程中出现了各种问题，pycharm无法安装成功。切换了各种网络环境（包括使用代理）都无法解决。后来还是使用直接下载库文件的方法进行安装。基本方法和之前安装gdal库方法相同（原文链接：python中如何导入gdal包？_空中旋转篮球的博客-CSDN博客_gdal包），但是出现了新得问题，存在gdal和rasterio版本匹配与兼容问题。

即安装的rasterio版本需要匹配对应的gdal版本，两者如果不兼容，则后安装的那个无法安装成功。

原始库文件下载地址如下：

GDAL库下载地址：https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pip

raterio库下载地址：?https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pip

安装问题描述

我原始安装的gdal版本是：GDAL-3.2.3-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl包。

下载的rasterio版本是：rasterio-1.2.10-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

将下载的包放置在自己项目路径D:\pythonProject1\venv\Scripts 下面：

Ctrl+R打开命令提示符：

定位到自己的路径下，一次输入D: ,?? cd? D:\pythonProject1\venv\Scripts

然后输入：pip?install?rasterio-1.2.10-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

出现以下问题：

D:\pythonProject1\venv\Scripts>pip install GDAL-3.2.3-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
Processing d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal-3.2.3-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
GDAL is already installed with the same version as the provided wheel. Use --force-reinstall to force an installation of the wheel.
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)

D:\pythonProject1\venv\Scripts>pip install rasterio-1.2.10-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
Processing d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\rasterio-1.2.10-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (65.5.0)
Requirement already satisfied: click>=4.0 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (8.0.3)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (1.21.5)
Requirement already satisfied: snuggs>=1.4.1 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (1.4.7)
Requirement already satisfied: click-plugins in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (1.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: cligj>=0.5 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (0.7.2)
Collecting gdal~=3.4.1
? Using cached GDAL-3.4.3.tar.gz (757 kB)
? Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (2021.10.8)
Requirement already satisfied: affine in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (2.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (22.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: colorama in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from click>=4.0->rasterio==1.2.10) (0.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from click>=4.0->rasterio==1.2.10) (4.11.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.1.6 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from snuggs>=1.4.1->rasterio==1.2.10) (3.0.6)
Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions>=3.6.4 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata->click>=4.0->rasterio==1.2.10) (4.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata->click>=4.0->rasterio==1.2.10) (3.7.0)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
Installing collected packages: gdal, rasterio
? Attempting uninstall: gdal
? ? WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
? ? Found existing installation: GDAL 3.2.3
? ? Uninstalling GDAL-3.2.3:
? ? ? Successfully uninstalled GDAL-3.2.3
? DEPRECATION: gdal is being installed using the legacy 'setup.py install' method, because it does not have a 'pyproject.toml' and the 'wheel' package is not installed. pip 23.1 will enforce this behaviour change. A possible replacement is to enable the '--use-pep517' option. Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8559
? Running setup.py install for gdal ... error
? error: subprocess-exited-with-error

? × Running setup.py install for gdal did not run successfully.
? │ exit code: 1
? ╰─> [120 lines of output]
? ? ? running install
? ? ? d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:37: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
? ? ? ? setuptools.SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning,
? ? ? running build
? ? ? running build_py
? ? ? creating build
? ? ? creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37
? ? ? creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo
? ? ? copying osgeo\gdal.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo
? ? ? copying osgeo\gdalconst.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo
? ? ? copying osgeo\gdalnumeric.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo
? ? ? copying osgeo\gdal_array.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo
? ? ? copying osgeo\gnm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo
? ? ? copying osgeo\ogr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo
? ? ? copying osgeo\osr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo
? ? ? copying osgeo\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo
? ? ? copying osgeo\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo
? ? ? creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal2tiles.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal2xyz.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdalattachpct.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdalcompare.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdalmove.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_calc.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_edit.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_fillnodata.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_merge.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_pansharpen.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_polygonize.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_proximity.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_retile.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_sieve.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\ogrmerge.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\pct2rgb.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\rgb2pct.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils
? ? ? creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\array_util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\base.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\batch_creator.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\color_palette.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\color_table.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\extent_util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\gdal_argparse.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\numpy_util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\osr_util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\progress.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\raster_creation.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\rectangle.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
? ? ? creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\assemblepoly.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\build_jp2_from_xml.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\classify.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\crs2crs2grid.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\densify.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\dump_jp2.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\epsg_tr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\esri2wkt.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\fft.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\fix_gpkg.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gcps2ogr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gcps2vec.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gcps2wld.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal2grd.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalchksum.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalcopyproj.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalfilter.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalident.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalimport.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalinfo.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdallocationinfo.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_auth.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_cp.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_create_pdf.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_ls.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_lut.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_mkdir.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_remove_towgs84.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_rm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_rmdir.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_vrtmerge.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_zip.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\get_soundg.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\histrep.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\hsv_merge.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\jpeg_in_tiff_extract.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\load2odbc.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\loslas2ntv2.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\magphase.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\make_fuzzer_friendly_archive.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\mkgraticule.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogr2ogr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogr2vrt.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogrinfo.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogrupdate.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogr_build_junction_table.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogr_dispatch.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogr_layer_algebra.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\rel.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\tigerpoly.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\tile_extent_from_raster.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\tolatlong.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\validate_cloud_optimized_geotiff.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\validate_gpkg.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\validate_jp2.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\val_repl.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\vec_tr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\vec_tr_spat.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\wcs_virtds_params.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\osgeo_utils\samples
? ? ? running build_ext
? ? ? building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
? ? ? building 'osgeo._gdalconst' extension
? ? ? building 'osgeo._osr' extension
? ? ? building 'osgeo._gdal_array' extension
? ? ? building 'osgeo._ogr' extension
? ? ? building 'osgeo._gnm' extension
? ? ? error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
? ? ? [end of output]

? note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
? Rolling back uninstall of GDAL
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages\gdal-3.2.3.dist-info\
? ?from d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages\~dal-3.2.3.dist-info
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages\osgeo\
? ?from d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages\~sgeo
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\epsg_tr.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\epsg_tr.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\esri2wkt.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\esri2wkt.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gcps2vec.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gcps2vec.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gcps2wld.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gcps2wld.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal2tiles.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal2tiles.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal2xyz.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal2xyz.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal_auth.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal_auth.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal_calc.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal_calc.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal_edit.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal_edit.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal_fillnodata.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal_fillnodata.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal_merge.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal_merge.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal_pansharpen.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal_pansharpen.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal_polygonize.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal_polygonize.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal_proximity.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal_proximity.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal_retile.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal_retile.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdal_sieve.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdal_sieve.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdalchksum.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdalchksum.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdalcompare.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdalcompare.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdalident.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdalident.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdalimport.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdalimport.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\gdalmove.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\gdalmove.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\mkgraticule.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\mkgraticule.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\ogrmerge.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\ogrmerge.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\pct2rgb.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\pct2rgb.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\__pycache__\rgb2pct.cpython-37.pyc
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-fzmup122\rgb2pct.cpython-37.pyc
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\epsg_tr.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\epsg_tr.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\esri2wkt.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\esri2wkt.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gcps2vec.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gcps2vec.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gcps2wld.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gcps2wld.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal2tiles.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal2tiles.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal2xyz.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal2xyz.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal_auth.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal_auth.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal_calc.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal_calc.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal_edit.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal_edit.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal_fillnodata.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal_fillnodata.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal_merge.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal_merge.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal_pansharpen.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal_pansharpen.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal_polygonize.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal_polygonize.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal_proximity.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal_proximity.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal_retile.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal_retile.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal_sieve.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdal_sieve.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdalchksum.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdalchksum.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdalcompare.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdalcompare.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdalident.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdalident.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdalimport.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdalimport.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdalmove.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\gdalmove.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\mkgraticule.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\mkgraticule.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\ogrmerge.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\ogrmerge.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\pct2rgb.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\pct2rgb.py
? Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\rgb2pct.py
? ?from C:\Users\RS001\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-uninstall-wif9wc9f\rgb2pct.py
error: legacy-install-failure

× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> gdal

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for output from the failure.
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)

问题细节描述

长长的一串提示，到底进行了一些什么操作？我们将过程可以总结为以下几点：

第一个是开始检查安装环境,自动寻找和匹配gdal版本，提示需要3.4.1版本，可是我们可以上面的下载链接里面没有这个版本的库。

Processing d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\rasterio-1.2.10-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (65.5.0)
Requirement already satisfied: click>=4.0 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (8.0.3)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (1.21.5)
Requirement already satisfied: snuggs>=1.4.1 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (1.4.7)
Requirement already satisfied: click-plugins in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (1.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: cligj>=0.5 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (0.7.2)
Collecting gdal~=3.4.1

接下来开始下载gdal 3.4.1库，并检查其他安装所需条件。

第二步，检查完成之后，检查到已经安装过3.2.3版本的gdal，于是先卸载这个库：

Installing collected packages: gdal, rasterio
  Attempting uninstall: gdal
    WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
    Found existing installation: GDAL 3.2.3
    Uninstalling GDAL-3.2.3:
      Successfully uninstalled GDAL-3.2.3

第三步，卸载完成之后开始重新安装gdal

Running setup.py install for gdal ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Running setup.py install for gdal did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [120 lines of output]
      running install
      d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:37: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
        setuptools.SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning,
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build

第四步，新的gdal安装失败之后，又进行回滚操作，重新回滚到了3.2.3版本。

 error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  Rolling back uninstall of GDAL
  Moving to d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages\gdal-3.2.3.dist-info\

解决办法

下载gdal3.4.2版本，重新安装该版本gdal

输入：pip install GDAL-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

有很多报警提示，不过目前都能够正常使用，直接覆盖了之前的版本

WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
Processing d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\gdal-3.4.2-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
Installing collected packages: GDAL
  Attempting uninstall: GDAL
    WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
    Found existing installation: GDAL 3.2.3
    Uninstalling GDAL-3.2.3:
      Successfully uninstalled GDAL-3.2.3
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
Successfully installed GDAL-3.4.2
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)

重新安装rasterio

输入：pip install rasterio-1.2.10-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

D:\pythonProject1\venv\Scripts>pip install rasterio-1.2.10-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
Processing d:\pythonproject1\venv\scripts\rasterio-1.2.10-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (2021.10.8)
Requirement already satisfied: affine in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (2.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: click-plugins in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (1.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (65.5.0)
Requirement already satisfied: gdal~=3.4.1 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (3.4.2)
Requirement already satisfied: snuggs>=1.4.1 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (1.4.7)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (1.21.5)
Requirement already satisfied: click>=4.0 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (8.0.3)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (22.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: cligj>=0.5 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from rasterio==1.2.10) (0.7.2)
Requirement already satisfied: colorama in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from click>=4.0->rasterio==1.2.10) (0.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from click>=4.0->rasterio==1.2.10) (4.11.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.1.6 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from snuggs>=1.4.1->rasterio==1.2.10) (3.0.6)
Requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata->click>=4.0->rasterio==1.2.10) (3.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions>=3.6.4 in d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata->click>=4.0->rasterio==1.2.10) (4.1.1)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
Installing collected packages: rasterio
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
Successfully installed rasterio-1.2.10
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)
WARNING: Ignoring invalid distribution -ip (d:\pythonproject1\venv\lib\site-packages)

这样，rasterio就安装成功了。