[Python知识库]django+xadmin 在线教育网站（一）

win10环境实现

首先虚拟环境，使用virtualenv 实现

依赖包安装

diff-match-patch==20121119
Django==2.1.8
django-crispy-forms==1.7.0
django-formtools==2.1
django-import-export==0.6.1
django-pure-pagination==0.3.0
django-ranged-response==0.2.0
django-reversion==2.0.12
django-simple-captcha==0.5.6
et-xmlfile==1.0.1
future==0.16.0
httplib2==0.9.2
jdcal==1.3
mysqlclient==1.4.6
odfpy==1.3.6
openpyxl==2.4.9
Pillow==5.0.0
pytz==2017.3
PyYAML==3.12
six==1.11.0
tablib==0.12.1
unicodecsv==0.14.1
xlrd==1.1.0
xlwt==1.3.0

本人建议，将以上依赖包一次性装好，如果不是的话，有可能会出现pycharm的控制台环境与自己配的环境不同步的情况，出现这种情况，唯一的方法就是删了重建环境

pycharm 创建Django项目，换上我们自己的虚拟环境

在上方找到‘tool’，点击‘manage.py’,创建四个app

startapp users
startapp course
startapp organization
startapp operation

根目录下创建‘apps’目录，将创建的四个app放进去

各个app的models设置

# users/models.py

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.utils import timezone

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):

    gender_choices = (
        ('male','男'),
        ('female','女')
    )

    nick_name = models.CharField('昵称',max_length=50,default='')
    birthday = models.DateField('生日',null=True,blank=True)
    gender = models.CharField('性别',max_length=10,choices=gender_choices,default='female')
    adress = models.CharField('地址',max_length=100,default='')
    mobile = models.CharField('手机号',max_length=11,null=True,blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='image/%Y%m',default='image/default.png',max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户信息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username


class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):
    send_choices = (
        ('register','注册'),
        ('forget','找回密码')
    )

    code = models.CharField('验证码',max_length=20)
    email = models.EmailField('邮箱',max_length=50)
    send_type = models.CharField(choices=send_choices,max_length=10)
    send_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '邮箱验证码'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Banner(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField('标题',max_length=100)
    image = models.ImageField('轮播图',upload_to='banner/%Y%m',max_length=100)
    url = models.URLField('访问地址',max_length=200)
    index = models.IntegerField('顺序',default=100)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField('添加时间',default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '轮播图'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

# organization/models.py

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models


class CityDict(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField('城市',max_length=20)
    desc = models.CharField('描述',max_length=200)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '城市'
        verbose_name_plural= verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class CourseOrg(models.Model):
    ORG_CHOICES = (
        ("pxjg", u"培训机构"),
        ("gx", u"高校"),
        ("gr", u"个人"),
    )
    name = models.CharField('机构名称',max_length=50)
    desc = models.TextField('机构描述')
    category = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=ORG_CHOICES, verbose_name=u"机构类别", default="pxjg")
    click_nums = models.IntegerField('点击数',default=0)
    tag = models.CharField('机构标签',max_length=10,default='全国知名')
    fav_nums = models.IntegerField('收藏数',default=0)
    students = models.IntegerField("学习人数",default=0)
    course_nums = models.IntegerField("课程数",default=0)
    image = models.ImageField('logo',upload_to='org/%Y/%m',max_length=100)
    address = models.CharField('机构地址',max_length=150)
    city = models.ForeignKey(CityDict,verbose_name='所在城市',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '课程机构'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def get_teacher_nums(self):
        #获取机构的教师数
        return self.teacher_set.all().count()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Teacher(models.Model):
    org = models.ForeignKey(CourseOrg,verbose_name='所属机构',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField('教师名',max_length=50)
    work_years = models.IntegerField('工作年限',default=0)
    work_company = models.CharField('就职公司',max_length=50)
    work_position = models.CharField('公司职位',max_length=50)
    points = models.CharField('教学特点',max_length=50)
    click_nums = models.IntegerField('点击数',default=0)
    fav_nums = models.IntegerField('收藏数',default=0)
    teacher_age = models.IntegerField('年龄',default=25)
    image = models.ImageField(
        default='',
        upload_to="teacher/%Y/%m",
        verbose_name="头像",
        max_length=100)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '教师'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return "[{0}]的教师: {1}".format(self.org, self.name)

    def get_course_nums(self):
        return self.course_set.all().count()

# operation/models.py

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models

from apps.course.models import Course
from apps.users.models import UserProfile


class UserAsk(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField('姓名',max_length=20)
    mobile = models.CharField('手机',max_length=11)
    course_name = models.CharField('课程名',max_length=50)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField('添加时间',default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户咨询'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class CourseComments(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name='用户',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name='课程',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    comments = models.CharField('评论',max_length=200)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField('添加时间', default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '课程评论'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class UserFavorite(models.Model):
    FAV_TYPE = (
        (1,'课程'),
        (2,'课程机构'),
        (3,'讲师')
    )

    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name='用户',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    fav_id = models.IntegerField('数据id',default=0)
    fav_type = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='收藏类型',choices=FAV_TYPE,default=1)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField('添加时间', default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户收藏'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class UserMessage(models.Model):
    user = models.IntegerField('接受用户',default=0)
    message = models.CharField('消息内容',max_length=500)
    has_read = models.BooleanField('是否已读',default=False)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField('添加时间', default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户消息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class UserCourse(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name='用户',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name='课程',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField('添加时间', default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户课程'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

# course/models.py

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models


class Course(models.Model):
    DEGREE_CHOICES = (
        ("cj", "初级"),
        ("zj", "中级"),
        ("gj", "高级")
    )
    name = models.CharField("课程名",max_length=50)
    desc = models.CharField("课程描述",max_length=300)
    detail = models.TextField("课程详情")
    degree = models.CharField('难度',choices=DEGREE_CHOICES, max_length=2)
    learn_times = models.IntegerField("学习时长(分钟数)",default=0)
    students = models.IntegerField("学习人数",default=0)
    fav_nums = models.IntegerField("收藏人数",default=0)
    image = models.ImageField("封面图",upload_to="courses/%Y/%m",max_length=100)
    click_nums = models.IntegerField("点击数",default=0)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now,)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "课程"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Lesson(models.Model):
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name='课程',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField("章节名",max_length=100)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "章节"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return '《{0}》课程的章节 >> {1}'.format(self.course, self.name)

class Video(models.Model):
    lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson, verbose_name="章节",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField("视频名",max_length=100)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "视频"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class CourseResource(models.Model):
    course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name="课程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField("名称",max_length=100)
    download = models.FileField("资源文件",upload_to="course/resource/%Y/%m",max_length=100)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "课程资源"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

settings文件，配置
注册app

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'apps.course',
    'apps.operation',
    'apps.organization',
    'apps.users',
]

重载AUTH_USER_MODEL

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile'

设计数据库为Mysql

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'imooc',  # 数据库名
        'USER': 'root',  # 数据库账户（root）
        'PASSWORD': '123456',  # 数据库密码
        'HOST': 'localhost',  # 默认为localhost当前主机，如果数据库在远程服务器上，也可以填写目标服务器的ip地址
        'PORT': '3306'  # 默认可以不写
    }
}

更改 编码/时区及设置静态目录

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),)

迁移数据库（在上方找到‘tool’，点击‘manage.py’）

makemigrations

migrate

如果迁移数据库时出现 1,2的选项界面，就是说数据迁移时没有同步，唯一的解决方法就是删库重建，所以本人的建议是将models
一步整到位，以免出现数据迁移不同步的情况

之后，运行项目