一、图片预处理

数据在作业中获得：
在这里插入图片描述
预处理代码：

import dlib         # 人脸识别的库dlib
import numpy as np  # 数据处理的库numpy
import cv2          # 图像处理的库OpenCv
import os
 
# dlib预测器
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
predictor = dlib.shape_predictor('shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat')
 
# 读取图像的路径
path_read = ".\ImageFiles\\files"
num=0
for file_name in os.listdir(path_read):
	#aa是图片的全路径
    aa=(path_read +"/"+file_name)
    #读入的图片的路径中含非英文
    img=cv2.imdecode(np.fromfile(aa, dtype=np.uint8), cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
    #获取图片的宽高
    img_shape=img.shape
    img_height=img_shape[0]
    img_width=img_shape[1]
   
    # 用来存储生成的单张人脸的路径
    path_save=".\ImageFiles\\files1" 
    # dlib检测
    dets = detector(img,1)
    print("人脸数：", len(dets))
    for k, d in enumerate(dets):
        if len(dets)>1:
            continue
        num=num+1
        # 计算矩形大小
        # (x,y), (宽度width, 高度height)
        pos_start = tuple([d.left(), d.top()])
        pos_end = tuple([d.right(), d.bottom()])
 
        # 计算矩形框大小
        height = d.bottom()-d.top()
        width = d.right()-d.left()
 
        # 根据人脸大小生成空的图像
        img_blank = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)
        for i in range(height):
            if d.top()+i>=img_height:# 防止越界
                continue
            for j in range(width):
                if d.left()+j>=img_width:# 防止越界
                    continue
                img_blank[i][j] = img[d.top()+i][d.left()+j]
        img_blank = cv2.resize(img_blank, (200, 200), interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)

        cv2.imencode('.jpg', img_blank)[1].tofile(path_save+"\\"+"file"+str(num)+".jpg") # 正确方法

运行效果：
在这里插入图片描述
共识别出3878张图片，某些图片没有识别出人脸，所以没有裁剪保存，可以自行添加图片补充。

二、数据集划分

import os, shutil
# 原始数据集路径
original_dataset_dir = '.\ImageFiles\\files1'

# 新的数据集
base_dir = '.\ImageFiles\\files2'
os.mkdir(base_dir)

# 训练图像、验证图像、测试图像的目录
train_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'train')
os.mkdir(train_dir)
validation_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'validation')
os.mkdir(validation_dir)
test_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'test')
os.mkdir(test_dir)

train_cats_dir = os.path.join(train_dir, 'smile')
os.mkdir(train_cats_dir)

train_dogs_dir = os.path.join(train_dir, 'unsmile')
os.mkdir(train_dogs_dir)

validation_cats_dir = os.path.join(validation_dir, 'smile')
os.mkdir(validation_cats_dir)

validation_dogs_dir = os.path.join(validation_dir, 'unsmile')
os.mkdir(validation_dogs_dir)

test_cats_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, 'smile')
os.mkdir(test_cats_dir)

test_dogs_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, 'unsmile')
os.mkdir(test_dogs_dir)

# 复制1000张笑脸图片到train_c_dir
fnames = ['file{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1,900)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(train_cats_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)

fnames = ['file{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(900, 1350)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(validation_cats_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
    
# Copy next 500 cat images to test_cats_dir
fnames = ['file{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1350, 1800)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(test_cats_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
    
fnames = ['file{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(2127,3000)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(train_dogs_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
    
# Copy next 500 dog images to validation_dogs_dir
fnames = ['file{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(3000,3304)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(validation_dogs_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
    
# # Copy next 500 dog images to test_dogs_dir
# fnames = ['file{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(3000,3878)]
# for fname in fnames:
#     src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
#     dst = os.path.join(test_dogs_dir, fname)
#     shutil.copyfile(src, dst)

运行结果：
在这里插入图片描述

三、识别笑脸

1.创建模型

#创建模型
from keras import layers
from keras import models
model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu',input_shape=(150, 150, 3)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))
model.summary()#查看

运行效果：
在这里插入图片描述

2.归一化处理

#归一化
from keras import optimizers
model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy',
              optimizer=optimizers.RMSprop(lr=1e-4),
              metrics=['acc'])
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255)
validation_datagen=ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255)
test_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255)
train_generator = train_datagen.flow_from_directory(
        # 目标文件目录
        train_dir,
        #所有图片的size必须是150x150
        target_size=(150, 150),
        batch_size=20,
        # Since we use binary_crossentropy loss, we need binary labels
        class_mode='binary')
validation_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(
        validation_dir,
        target_size=(150, 150),
        batch_size=20,
        class_mode='binary')
test_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(test_dir,
                                                   target_size=(150, 150),
                                                   batch_size=20,
                                                   class_mode='binary')
for data_batch, labels_batch in train_generator:
    print('data batch shape:', data_batch.shape)
    print('labels batch shape:', labels_batch)
    break
#'smile': 0, 'unsmile': 1

在这里插入图片描述

3.数据增强

#数据增强
datagen = ImageDataGenerator(
      rotation_range=40,
      width_shift_range=0.2,
      height_shift_range=0.2,
      shear_range=0.2,
      zoom_range=0.2,
      horizontal_flip=True,
      fill_mode='nearest')
#数据增强后图片变化
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# This is module with image preprocessing utilities
from keras.preprocessing import image
train_smile_dir = './ImageFiles//files2//train//smile/'
fnames = [os.path.join(train_smile_dir, fname) for fname in os.listdir(train_smile_dir)]
img_path = fnames[3]
img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(150, 150))
x = image.img_to_array(img)
x = x.reshape((1,) + x.shape)
i = 0
for batch in datagen.flow(x, batch_size=1):
    plt.figure(i)
    imgplot = plt.imshow(image.array_to_img(batch[0]))
    i += 1
    if i % 4 == 0:
        break
plt.show()

运行效果：

在这里插入图片描述

4.创建网络

#创建网络
model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu',input_shape=(150, 150, 3)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.5))
model.add(layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))
model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy',
              optimizer=optimizers.RMSprop(lr=1e-4),
              metrics=['acc'])
#归一化处理
train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(
    rescale=1./255,
    rotation_range=40,
    width_shift_range=0.2,
    height_shift_range=0.2,
    shear_range=0.2,
    zoom_range=0.2,
    horizontal_flip=True,)

test_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255)

train_generator = train_datagen.flow_from_directory(
        # This is the target directory
        train_dir,
        # All images will be resized to 150x150
        target_size=(150, 150),
        batch_size=32,
        # Since we use binary_crossentropy loss, we need binary labels
        class_mode='binary')

validation_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(
        validation_dir,
        target_size=(150, 150),
        batch_size=32,
        class_mode='binary')

history = model.fit_generator(
      train_generator,
      steps_per_epoch=100,
      epochs=60,  
      validation_data=validation_generator,
      validation_steps=50)
model.save('smileAndUnsmile1.h5')

#数据增强过后的训练集与验证集的精确度与损失度的图形
acc = history.history['acc']
val_acc = history.history['val_acc']
loss = history.history['loss']
val_loss = history.history['val_loss']

epochs = range(len(acc))

plt.plot(epochs, acc, 'bo', label='Training acc')
plt.plot(epochs, val_acc, 'b', label='Validation acc')
plt.title('Training and validation accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.figure()

plt.plot(epochs, loss, 'bo', label='Training loss')
plt.plot(epochs, val_loss, 'b', label='Validation loss')
plt.title('Training and validation loss')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

运行效果：
在这里插入图片描述

5.单张图片测试

# 单张图片进行判断  是笑脸还是非笑脸
import cv2
from keras.preprocessing import image
from keras.models import load_model
import numpy as np
#加载模型
model = load_model('smileAndUnsmile1.h5')
#本地图片路径
img_path='test.jpg'
img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(150, 150))

img_tensor = image.img_to_array(img)/255.0
img_tensor = np.expand_dims(img_tensor, axis=0)
prediction =model.predict(img_tensor)  
print(prediction)
if prediction[0][0]>0.5:
    result='非笑脸'
else:
    result='笑脸'
print(result)

在这里插入图片描述

6.摄像头测试

#检测视频或者摄像头中的人脸
import cv2
from keras.preprocessing import image
from keras.models import load_model
import numpy as np
import dlib
from PIL import Image
model = load_model('D:/Workspaces/Jupyter-notebook/人工智能与机器学习/smile_and_unsmile_small_2.h5')
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
video=cv2.VideoCapture(0)
font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
def rec(img):
    gray=cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    dets=detector(gray,1)
    if dets is not None:
        for face in dets:
            left=face.left()
            top=face.top()
            right=face.right()
            bottom=face.bottom()
            cv2.rectangle(img,(left,top),(right,bottom),(0,255,0),2)
            img1=cv2.resize(img[top:bottom,left:right],dsize=(150,150))
            img1=cv2.cvtColor(img1,cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
            img1 = np.array(img1)/255.
            img_tensor = img1.reshape(-1,150,150,3)
            prediction =model.predict(img_tensor)    
            if prediction[0][0]>0.5:
                result='unsmile'
            else:
                result='smile'
            cv2.putText(img, result, (left,top), font, 2, (0, 255, 0), 2, cv2.LINE_AA)
        cv2.imshow('Video', img)
while video.isOpened():
    res, img_rd = video.read()
    if not res:
        break
    rec(img_rd)
##按q退出
    if cv2.waitKey(5) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break
video.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

运行效果：
在这里插入图片描述

四、基于Dlib的笑脸识别

#!Anaconda/anaconda/python
# coding: utf-8
 
"""
从视屏中识别人脸，并实时标出面部特征点
"""
 
import dlib  # 人脸识别的库dlib
import numpy as np  # 数据处理的库numpy
import cv2  # 图像处理的库OpenCv
 
 
class face_emotion():
    def __init__(self):
        # 使用特征提取器get_frontal_face_detector
        self.detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
        # dlib的68点模型，使用作者训练好的特征预测器
        self.predictor = dlib.shape_predictor("D:/Workspaces/Jupyter-notebook/datasets/mldata/shape_predictor_68_face_landmarks.dat")
 
        # 建cv2摄像头对象，这里使用电脑自带摄像头，如果接了外部摄像头，则自动切换到外部摄像头
        self.cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
        # 设置视频参数，propId设置的视频参数，value设置的参数值
        self.cap.set(3, 480)
        # 截图screenshoot的计数器
        self.cnt = 0
 
    def learning_face(self):
 
        # 眉毛直线拟合数据缓冲
        line_brow_x = []
        line_brow_y = []
 
        # cap.isOpened（） 返回true/false 检查初始化是否成功
        while (self.cap.isOpened()):
 
            # cap.read()
            # 返回两个值：
            #    一个布尔值true/false，用来判断读取视频是否成功/是否到视频末尾
            #    图像对象，图像的三维矩阵
            flag, im_rd = self.cap.read()
 
            # 每帧数据延时1ms，延时为0读取的是静态帧
            k = cv2.waitKey(1)
 
            # 取灰度
            img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(im_rd, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
 
            # 使用人脸检测器检测每一帧图像中的人脸。并返回人脸数rects
            faces = self.detector(img_gray, 0)
 
            # 待会要显示在屏幕上的字体
            font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
 
            # 如果检测到人脸
            if (len(faces) != 0):
 
                # 对每个人脸都标出68个特征点
                for i in range(len(faces)):
                    # enumerate方法同时返回数据对象的索引和数据，k为索引，d为faces中的对象
                    for k, d in enumerate(faces):
                        # 用红色矩形框出人脸
                        cv2.rectangle(im_rd, (d.left(), d.top()), (d.right(), d.bottom()), (0, 0, 255))
                        # 计算人脸热别框边长
                        self.face_width = d.right() - d.left()
 
                        # 使用预测器得到68点数据的坐标
                        shape = self.predictor(im_rd, d)
                        # 圆圈显示每个特征点
                        for i in range(68):
                            cv2.circle(im_rd, (shape.part(i).x, shape.part(i).y), 2, (0, 255, 0), -1, 8)
                            # cv2.putText(im_rd, str(i), (shape.part(i).x, shape.part(i).y), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5,
                            #            (255, 255, 255))
 
                        # 分析任意n点的位置关系来作为表情识别的依据
                        mouth_width = (shape.part(54).x - shape.part(48).x) / self.face_width  # 嘴巴咧开程度
                        mouth_higth = (shape.part(66).y - shape.part(62).y) / self.face_width  # 嘴巴张开程度
                        # print("嘴巴宽度与识别框宽度之比：",mouth_width_arv)
                        # print("嘴巴高度与识别框高度之比：",mouth_higth_arv)
 
                        # 通过两个眉毛上的10个特征点，分析挑眉程度和皱眉程度
                        brow_sum = 0  # 高度之和
                        frown_sum = 0  # 两边眉毛距离之和
                        for j in range(17, 21):
                            brow_sum += (shape.part(j).y - d.top()) + (shape.part(j + 5).y - d.top())
                            frown_sum += shape.part(j + 5).x - shape.part(j).x
                            line_brow_x.append(shape.part(j).x)
                            line_brow_y.append(shape.part(j).y)
 
                        # self.brow_k, self.brow_d = self.fit_slr(line_brow_x, line_brow_y)  # 计算眉毛的倾斜程度
                        tempx = np.array(line_brow_x)
                        tempy = np.array(line_brow_y)
                        z1 = np.polyfit(tempx, tempy, 1)  # 拟合成一次直线
                        self.brow_k = -round(z1[0], 3)  # 拟合出曲线的斜率和实际眉毛的倾斜方向是相反的
 
                        brow_hight = (brow_sum / 10) / self.face_width  # 眉毛高度占比
                        brow_width = (frown_sum / 5) / self.face_width  # 眉毛距离占比
                        # print("眉毛高度与识别框高度之比：",round(brow_arv/self.face_width,3))
                        # print("眉毛间距与识别框高度之比：",round(frown_arv/self.face_width,3))
 
                        # 眼睛睁开程度
                        eye_sum = (shape.part(41).y - shape.part(37).y + shape.part(40).y - shape.part(38).y +
                                   shape.part(47).y - shape.part(43).y + shape.part(46).y - shape.part(44).y)
                        eye_hight = (eye_sum / 4) / self.face_width
                        # print("眼睛睁开距离与识别框高度之比：",round(eye_open/self.face_width,3))
 
                        # 分情况讨论
                        # 张嘴，可能是开心或者惊讶
                        if round(mouth_higth >= 0.03):
                            if eye_hight >= 0.056:
                                cv2.putText(im_rd, "amazing", (d.left(), d.bottom() + 20), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
                                            0.8,
                                            (0, 0, 255), 2, 4)
                            else:
                                cv2.putText(im_rd, "happy", (d.left(), d.bottom() + 20), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.8,
                                            (0, 0, 255), 2, 4)
 
                        # 没有张嘴，可能是正常和生气
                        else:
                            if self.brow_k <= -0.3:
                                cv2.putText(im_rd, "angry", (d.left(), d.bottom() + 20), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.8,
                                            (0, 0, 255), 2, 4)
                            else:
                                cv2.putText(im_rd, "nature", (d.left(), d.bottom() + 20), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.8,
                                            (0, 0, 255), 2, 4)
 
                # 标出人脸数
                cv2.putText(im_rd, "Faces: " + str(len(faces)), (20, 50), font, 1, (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
            else:
                # 没有检测到人脸
                cv2.putText(im_rd, "No Face", (20, 50), font, 1, (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
 
            # 添加说明
            im_rd = cv2.putText(im_rd, "S: screenshot", (20, 400), font, 0.8, (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
            im_rd = cv2.putText(im_rd, "Q: quit", (20, 450), font, 0.8, (0, 0, 255), 1, cv2.LINE_AA)
 
            # 按下s键截图保存
            if (k == ord('s')):
                self.cnt += 1
                cv2.imwrite("screenshoot" + str(self.cnt) + ".jpg", im_rd)
 
            # 按下q键退出
            if (k == ord('q')):
                break
 
            # 窗口显示
            cv2.imshow("camera", im_rd)
 
        # 释放摄像头
        self.cap.release()
 
        # 删除建立的窗口
        cv2.destroyAllWindows()
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    my_face = face_emotion()
    my_face.learning_face()

在这里插入图片描述