[人工智能]matplotlib绘制几种基础图形

（1）matplotlib绘制折线图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import random
from matplotlib import font_manager


fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

x = range(11,31)
y1 = [1,0,1,4,2,4,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1]
y2 = [0,0,1,2,2,4,7,2,3,4,4,5,0,5,4,3,3,1,1,4]
plt.plot(x,y1,label="自己")
plt.plot(x,y2,label="同桌")

# 给maplotlib添加中文字体FontProperties
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="清松手写体1.ttf")
_xtick_lables = ["{} min".format(i) for i in x]
plt.xticks(x,_xtick_lables,fontproperties=my_font)
plt.yticks(range(0,9))

# 绘制网格
plt.grid(alpha=0.4)

# 添加坐标轴名称
plt.xlabel("x坐标轴",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("y坐标轴",fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("demo折线图",fontproperties=my_font)


# 添加图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font)

plt.show()

（2）matplotlib填充图

# 两条曲线之间填充颜色

import  numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp

#  这句话的意思就是讲0-8Π 分成1000份
x = np.linspace(0,8 * np.pi , 1000)
sinx = np.sin(x)
cosx = np.cos(x / 2) / 2

mp.figure('Fill', facecolor='lightgray')
mp.title('Fill',fontsize = 18)
# 绘制网格
mp.grid(linestyle = ':')
# 设置两条曲线
mp.plot(x,sinx,color = 'green',label = r'$y=sin(x)$')
mp.plot(x,cosx,color = 'orange',label = r'$y=\frac{1}{2}cos(\frac{x}{2})$')

# 填充
mp.fill_between(x,sinx,cosx,sinx > cosx,color = 'purple',alpha=0.3)
mp.fill_between(x,sinx,cosx,sinx < cosx,color = 'red',alpha=0.3)

# 设置图例的字体、大小、颜色等属性，制定个性化。
mp.legend()
mp.show()

（3）matplotlib绘制柱状图

# 柱状图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
from matplotlib import font_manager

apples = np.array([100,200,300,444,999,888,788,556,555,150,251,152])
oranges = np.array([108,300,500,744,199,828,488,256,155,550,51,452])

mp.figure('Bar',facecolor='lightgray')
# 设置该图的题目
mp.title('Bar Chart',fontsize = 18)
# 设置网格线
mp.grid(linestyle=':')

x = np.arange(apples.size)
# 绘制柱状图
mp.bar(x - 0.2,apples,0.4,color='purple',label='apples')
mp.bar(x + 0.2,oranges,0.4,color='orange',label='oranges')

# 设置刻度  解决乱码问题
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="清松手写体1.ttf")
mp.xticks(x,['1月','2月','3月','4月','5月','6月','7月','8月','9月','10月','11月','12月'],fontproperties=my_font)

mp.legend()
mp.show()

（4）matplotlib绘制饼图

# 饼状图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp

values = [26,17,21,29,11]
spaces = [0.05,0.01,0.01,0.01,0.01]
labels = ['python','java','js','c++','php']
colors = ['red','green','yellow','purple','orange']

mp.figure('Pie Chart',facecolor='lightgray')
mp.axis('equal') # x与y等比例输出
mp.pie(values,spaces,labels,colors,'%.1f%%',shadow=True)

mp.legend()
mp.show()

（5）matplotlib绘制等高线图

# 等高线图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp

x,y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-3,3,1000),
                  np.linspace(-3,3,1000))
# 模拟海拔高度
z = (1 -x / 2 + x**5 + y**3) * np.exp(-x**2-y**2)


mp.figure('Contour Chart',facecolor='lightgray')
mp.title('contour',fontsize=16)
mp.grid(linestyle=':')

cntr = mp.contour(
    x, #网格坐标矩阵的x坐标（2维数组）
    y, #网格坐标矩阵的y坐标（2维数组）
    z, #网格坐标矩阵的z坐标（2维数组）
    8, # 等高线绘制8部分
    colors = 'black', # 等高线图颜色
    linewidths = 0.5 # 等高线图线宽
)
# 设置标签
mp.clabel(cntr,inline_spacing = 1,fmt='%.2f',fontsize=10)
# 填充颜色  大的是红色  小的是蓝色
mp.contourf(x,y,z,8,cmap='jet')

mp.legend()
mp.show()