[人工智能]opencv (三十九)形态学应用（开运算、闭运算、形态学梯度、顶帽、黑帽、击中击不中变换）

小白学视觉，笔记，扩展

蓝色代表非0 像素，白色0像素；



顶帽得到的是，原图中分散的非0像素块，较小的非0块

黑帽得到的是，原图0像素块

击中，即，在原图中找到与结构元素一样的像素块，然后将结构元素中心的像素置为1


op

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//用于验证形态学应用的二值化矩阵
	Mat src = (Mat_<uchar>(9, 12) << 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
		0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 255, 0,
		0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0,
		0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0,
		0, 255, 255, 255, 0, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0,
		0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0,
		0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 255, 0,
		0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0,
		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
	namedWindow("src", WINDOW_NORMAL);  //可以自由调节显示图像的尺寸
	imshow("src", src);
	//3×3矩形结构元素
	Mat kernel = getStructuringElement(0, Size(3, 3));

	//对二值化矩阵进行形态学操作
	Mat open, close, gradient, tophat, blackhat, hitmiss;

	//对二值化矩阵进行开运算
	morphologyEx(src, open, MORPH_OPEN, kernel);
	namedWindow("open", WINDOW_NORMAL);  //可以自由调节显示图像的尺寸
	imshow("open", open);

	//对二值化矩阵进行闭运算
	morphologyEx(src, close, MORPH_CLOSE, kernel);
	namedWindow("close", WINDOW_NORMAL);  //可以自由调节显示图像的尺寸
	imshow("close", close);

	//对二值化矩阵进行梯度运算
	morphologyEx(src, gradient, MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel);
	namedWindow("gradient", WINDOW_NORMAL);  //可以自由调节显示图像的尺寸
	imshow("gradient", gradient);

	//对二值化矩阵进行顶帽运算
	morphologyEx(src, tophat, MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel);
	namedWindow("tophat", WINDOW_NORMAL);  //可以自由调节显示图像的尺寸
	imshow("tophat", tophat);

	//对二值化矩阵进行黑帽运算
	morphologyEx(src, blackhat, MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel);
	namedWindow("blackhat", WINDOW_NORMAL);   //可以自由调节显示图像的尺寸
	imshow("blackhat", blackhat);

	//对二值化矩阵进行击中击不中变换
	morphologyEx(src, hitmiss, MORPH_HITMISS, kernel);
	namedWindow("hitmiss", WINDOW_NORMAL);  //可以自由调节显示图像的尺寸
	imshow("hitmiss", hitmiss);

	cout << "用图像验证形态学操作效果" << endl;
	waitKey(0);

	Mat keys = imread("keys.jpg", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
	imshow("原图像", keys);
	threshold(keys, keys, 80, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
	imshow("二值化后的keys", keys);

	//5×5矩形结构元素
	Mat kernel_keys = getStructuringElement(0, Size(5, 5));
	Mat open_keys, close_keys, gradient_keys, tophat_keys, blackhat_keys, hitmiss_keys;

	//对图像进行开运算
	morphologyEx(keys, open_keys, MORPH_OPEN, kernel_keys);
	imshow("open_keys", open_keys);

	//对图像进行闭运算
	morphologyEx(keys, close_keys, MORPH_CLOSE, kernel_keys);
	imshow("close_keys", close_keys);

	//对图像进行梯度运算
	morphologyEx(keys, gradient_keys, MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel_keys);
	imshow("gradient_keys", gradient_keys);

	//对图像进行顶帽运算
	morphologyEx(keys, tophat_keys, MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel_keys);
	imshow("tophat_keys", tophat_keys);

	//对图像进行黑帽运算
	morphologyEx(keys, blackhat_keys, MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel_keys);
	imshow("blackhat_keys", blackhat_keys);

	//对图像进行击中击不中变换
	morphologyEx(keys, hitmiss_keys, MORPH_HITMISS, kernel_keys);
	imshow("hitmiss_keys", hitmiss_keys);

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

开运算去掉了孤立白点

顶帽，仅仅保留了孤立白点