[区块链]Dapp开发实战：去中心化NFT交易平台

在以太坊上建立数字市场

在本次实战所使用的技术是React, Next.js, Tailwind CSS, RemixIDE, Solidity, Ethers.

编写智能合约
市场将由两个主要的智能合约组成：
用于铸造 NFT的NFT合约 和 促进 NFT销售的市场合约

为了编写 NFT，我们可以使用OpenZeppelin获得的ERC721标准。
参考：https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/erc721

contract NFT is ERC721URIStorage {
    using Counters for Counters.Counter;
    Counters.Counter private _tokenIds;
    address contractAddress;

    constructor(address marketplaceAddress) ERC721("Xia Blocks NFTs", "XBNFT") {
        contractAddress = marketplaceAddress;
    }//合约可以允许市场合约批准将代币从所有者转移到卖家
    function createToken(string memory tokenURI) public returns (uint) {
        _tokenIds.increment();
        uint256 newItemId = _tokenIds.current();
        _mint(msg.sender, newItemId);
        _setTokenURI(newItemId, tokenURI);
        setApprovalForAll(contractAddress, true);
        return newItemId;
    }
}

编写市场合约
继承ReentrancyGuard：有助于防止对函数的可重入调用的合同模块

// SPDX-License-Identifier: XXL
pragma solidity ^0.8.3;
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Counters.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

contract NFTMarket is ReentrancyGuard {
  using Counters for Counters.Counter;
  Counters.Counter private _itemIds;
  Counters.Counter private _itemsSold;
  uint[] marketItems;
	//存储记录
  struct MarketItem {
    uint itemId;
    address nftContract;
    uint256 tokenId;
    address payable seller;
    address payable owner;
    uint256 price;
  }

  mapping(uint256 => MarketItem) private idToMarketItem;

  event MarketItemCreated (
    uint indexed itemId,
    address indexed nftContract,
    uint256 indexed tokenId,
    address seller,
    address owner,
    uint256 price
  );

  function getMarketItem(uint256 marketItemId) public view returns (MarketItem memory) {
    return idToMarketItem[marketItemId];
  }

  function createMarketItem(
    address nftContract,
    uint256 tokenId,
    uint256 price
  ) public payable nonReentrant {
    require(price > 0, "Price must be at least 1 wei");

    _itemIds.increment();
    uint256 itemId = _itemIds.current();
    marketItems.push(itemId);
  
    idToMarketItem[itemId] =  MarketItem(
      itemId,
      nftContract,
      tokenId,
      payable(msg.sender),
      payable(address(0)),
      price
    );

    IERC721(nftContract).transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), tokenId);

    emit MarketItemCreated(
      itemId,
      nftContract,
      tokenId,
      msg.sender,
      address(0),
      price
    );
  }

  function createMarketSale(
    address nftContract,
    uint256 itemId
    ) payable public {
    uint price = idToMarketItem[itemId].price;
    uint tokenId = idToMarketItem[itemId].tokenId;
    require(msg.value == price, "Please submit the asking price in order to complete the purchase");

    idToMarketItem[itemId].seller.transfer(msg.value);
    IERC721(nftContract).transferFrom(address(this), msg.sender, tokenId);
    idToMarketItem[itemId].owner = payable(msg.sender);
    _itemsSold.increment();
  }

  function fetchMarketItem(uint itemId) public view returns (MarketItem memory) {
    MarketItem memory item = idToMarketItem[itemId];
    return item;
  }
	//返回所有仍在销售的市场商品
  function fetchMarketItems() public view returns (MarketItem[] memory) {
    uint itemCount = _itemIds.current();
    uint unsoldItemCount = _itemIds.current() - _itemsSold.current();
    uint currentIndex = 0;

    MarketItem[] memory items = new MarketItem[](unsoldItemCount);
    for (uint i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {
      if (idToMarketItem[i + 1].owner == address(0)) {
        uint currentId = idToMarketItem[i + 1].itemId;
        MarketItem storage currentItem = idToMarketItem[currentId];
        items[currentIndex] = currentItem;
        currentIndex += 1;
      }
    }
   
    return items;
  }
	//返回用户已购买的NFT
  function fetchMyNFTs() public view returns (MarketItem[] memory) {
    uint totalItemCount = _itemIds.current();
    uint itemCount = 0;
    uint currentIndex = 0;
    for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemCount; i++) {
      if (idToMarketItem[i + 1].owner == msg.sender) {
        itemCount += 1;
      }
    }
    MarketItem[] memory items = new MarketItem[](itemCount);
    for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemCount; i++) {
      if (idToMarketItem[i + 1].owner == msg.sender) {
        uint currentId = idToMarketItem[i + 1].itemId;
        MarketItem storage currentItem = idToMarketItem[currentId];
        items[currentIndex] = currentItem;
        currentIndex += 1;
      }
    }
    return items;
  }
}

编写前端

Home页面：使用web3Modal加载钱包连接以太坊网络
调用合约函数fetchMarketItems加载页面

  const [nfts, setNfts] = useState([])
  const [loaded, setLoaded] = useState('not-loaded')
  useEffect(() => {
    loadNFTs()
  }, [])
  
 async function loadNFTs() {
    const providerOptions = {
      fortmatic: {
        package: Fortmatic,
        options: {
          // Mikko's TESTNET api key
          key: "pk_test_391E26A3B43A3350"
        }
      },
      walletconnect: {
        package: WalletConnectProvider, // required
        options: {
          infuraId: "INFURA_ID" // required
        }
      }
    };
    const web3Modal = new Web3Modal({
      network: "mainnet",
      cacheProvider: true,
      disableInjectedProvider: false,
      providerOptions: providerOptions, // required
    });
    const connection = await web3Modal.connect()
    const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(connection)
    const tokenContract = new ethers.Contract(nftaddress, nftabi, provider)
    const marketContract = new ethers.Contract(nftmarketaddress, nftmarketabi, provider)
    const data = await marketContract.fetchMarketItems()

    const items = await Promise.all(data.map(async i => {
      const tokenUri = await tokenContract.tokenURI(i.tokenId)
      const meta = await axios.get(tokenUri)
      let price = web3.utils.fromWei(i.price.toString(), 'ether');
      let item = {
        price,
        tokenId: i.tokenId.toNumber(),
        seller: i.seller,
        owner: i.owner,
        image: meta.data.image,
        name: meta.data.name,
        description: meta.data.description,
      }
      return item
    }))
    console.log('items: ', items)
    setNfts(items)
    setLoaded('loaded')
  }

Create NFT 铸币页面（信息上传ipfs返回链接作为tokenURI）

const client = ipfsHttpClient('https://ipfs.infura.io:5001/api/v0')
  const [fileUrl, setFileUrl] = useState(null)
  const [formInput, updateFormInput] = useState({ price: '', name: '', description: '' })
  const router = useRouter()

  async function createSale(url) {
    const web3Modal = new Web3Modal({
      network: "mainnet",
      cacheProvider: true,
    });
    const connection = await web3Modal.connect()
    const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(connection)    
    const signer = provider.getSigner()
    
    let contract = new ethers.Contract(nftaddress,nftabi, signer)
    let transaction = await contract.createToken(url)
    let tx = await transaction.wait()
    let event = tx.events[0]
    let value = event.args[2]
    let tokenId = value.toNumber()
    const price = web3.utils.toWei(formInput.price, 'ether')
  
    const listingPrice = web3.utils.toWei('0.1', 'ether')

    contract = new ethers.Contract(nftmarketaddress, nftmarketabi, signer)
    transaction = await contract.createMarketItem(nftaddress, tokenId, price, { value: listingPrice })
    
    await transaction.wait()
    router.push('/')
  }
 async function onChange(e) {
    const file = e.target.files[0];
    try {
      const added = await client.add(
        file,
        {
          progress: (prog) => console.log(`received: ${prog}`)
        }
      )
      const url = `https://ipfs.infura.io/ipfs/${added.path}`
      setFileUrl(url)
    } catch (error) {
      console.log('Error uploading file: ', error);
    }  
  }
  
  async function createMarket() {
    const { name, description, price } = formInput
    if (!name || !description || !price || !fileUrl) return
    // first, upload to IPFS
    const data = JSON.stringify({
      name, description, image: fileUrl
    })
    try {
      const added = await client.add(data)
      const url = `https://ipfs.infura.io/ipfs/${added.path}`
      createSale(url)
    } catch (error) {
      console.log('Error uploading file: ', error);
    }  
  }
  

MyNFT 同上loadNFTS一样，不过调用合约fetchMyNFTs

完整代码已放置Gitee https://gitee.com/xiaxuliang/nftmakret