[大数据]Hive UDTF

1. 简介
UDTF(User-Defined Table-Generating Functions) 用来解决 输入一行输出多行(On-to-many maping) 的需求。下面我们看下 具体怎么来编写继承org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.udf.generic.GenericUDTF,实现initialize, process, close三个方法。

2.编写
UDTF首先会调用initialize方法，此方法返回UDTF的返回行的信息（返回个数，类型）。初始化完成后，会调用process方法,真正的处理过程在process函数中，在process中，每一次forward()调用产生一行；如果产生多列可以将多个列的值放在一个数组中，然后将该数组传入到forward()函数。最后close()方法调用，对需要清理的方法进行清理。下面是我写的一个用来分**”key:value;key:value;”**这种字符串，返回结果为key, value两个字段。供参考：

import java.util.ArrayList;

 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.udf.generic.GenericUDTF;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDFArgumentException;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDFArgumentLengthException;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspector;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspectorFactory;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.StructObjectInspector;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory;

 public class ExplodeMap extends GenericUDTF{

     @Override
     public void close() throws HiveException {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub    
     }

     @Override
     public StructObjectInspector initialize(ObjectInspector[] args)
             throws UDFArgumentException {
         if (args.length != 1) {
             throw new UDFArgumentLengthException("ExplodeMap takes only one argument");
         }
         if (args[0].getCategory() != ObjectInspector.Category.PRIMITIVE) {
             throw new UDFArgumentException("ExplodeMap takes string as a parameter");
         }

         ArrayList<String> fieldNames = new ArrayList<String>();
         ArrayList<ObjectInspector> fieldOIs = new ArrayList<ObjectInspector>();
         fieldNames.add("col1");
         fieldOIs.add(PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory.javaStringObjectInspector);
         fieldNames.add("col2");
         fieldOIs.add(PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory.javaStringObjectInspector);

         return ObjectInspectorFactory.getStandardStructObjectInspector(fieldNames,fieldOIs);
     }

     @Override
     public void process(Object[] args) throws HiveException {
         String input = args[0].toString();
         String[] test = input.split(";");
         for(int i=0; i<test.length; i++) {
             try {
                 String[] result = test[i].split(":");
                 forward(result);
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 continue;
             }
         }
     }
 }

  

3. 使用

• 直接select中使用

select explode_map(properties) as (col1,col2) from src;

• 不可以和group by/cluster by/distribute by/sort by一起使用

select explode_map(properties) as (col1,col2) from src group by col1, col2

• 和lateral view一起使用

select src.id, mytable.col1, mytable.col2 from src lateral view explode_map(properties) mytable as col1, col2;

此方法更为方便日常使用。执行过程相当于单独执行了两次抽取，然后union到一个表里。