开发: C++知识库 Java知识库 JavaScript Python PHP知识库人工智能区块链大数据移动开发嵌入式开发工具数据结构与算法开发测试游戏开发网络协议系统运维
教程: HTML教程 CSS教程 JavaScript教程 Go语言教程 JQuery教程 VUE教程 VUE3教程 Bootstrap教程 SQL数据库教程 C语言教程 C++教程 Java教程 Python教程 Python3教程 C#教程
数码: 电脑笔记本显卡显示器固态硬盘硬盘耳机手机 iphone vivo oppo 小米华为单反装机图拉丁

-> 大数据 -> Canal Mysql binlog 同步至 ElasticSearch 详细介绍 -> 正文阅读

[大数据]Canal Mysql binlog 同步至 ElasticSearch 详细介绍

文章目录

数据同步ElasticSearch

本文详细介绍Canal 配置保存 ElasticSearch

Canal从零配置使用参考：https://blog.csdn.net/zhangshenghang/article/details/120361721

数据同步ElasticSearch

我们接着在之前配置Hbase基础上直接修改配置，实现同时同步ElasticSearch

单表基本配置

1.修改启动器配置 {canal-apapter}/conf/application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
logging:
  level:
    com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.adapter: DEBUG
    com.alibaba.otter.canal.client.adapter.hbase: DEBUG
spring:
  jackson:
    date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
    time-zone: GMT+8
    default-property-inclusion: non_null
canal.conf:
  # tcp kafka rocketMQ rabbitMQ canal-server运行的模式，TCP模式就是直连客户端，不经过中间件。kafka和mq是消息队列的模式
  mode: tcp 
#  flatMessage: true
  zookeeperHosts: 
  syncBatchSize: 1
  retries: 0
  timeout: 1000
  accessKey:
  secretKey:
  consumerProperties:
    # canal tcp consumer 指定canal-server的地址和端口
    canal.tcp.server.host: 127.0.0.1:11111
    canal.tcp.zookeeper.hosts: 127.0.0.1:2181
    canal.tcp.batch.size: 1
    canal.tcp.username:
    canal.tcp.password:
    

  srcDataSources: # 数据源配置，从哪里获取数据
    defaultDS: # 指定一个名字，在ES的配置中会用到，唯一
      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test2?useUnicode=true
      username: root
      password: *****
  canalAdapters:
  - instance: example # canal instance Name or mq topic name 指定在canal配置的实例名称
    groups:
    - groupId: g1 
      outerAdapters:
      - name: logger
#      - name: rdb
#        key: mysql1
#        properties:
#          jdbc.driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#          jdbc.url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest2?useUnicode=true
#          jdbc.username: root
#          jdbc.password: 121212
#      - name: rdb
#        key: oracle1
#        properties:
#          jdbc.driverClassName: oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
#          jdbc.url: jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:49161:XE
#          jdbc.username: mytest
#          jdbc.password: m121212
#      - name: rdb
#        key: postgres1
#        properties:
#          jdbc.driverClassName: org.postgresql.Driver
#          jdbc.url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres
#          jdbc.username: postgres
#          jdbc.password: 121212
#          threads: 1
#          commitSize: 3000
      - name: hbase
        properties:
          hbase.zookeeper.quorum: sangfor.abdi.node3,sangfor.abdi.node2,sangfor.abdi.node1
          hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort: 2181
          zookeeper.znode.parent: /hbase-unsecure
      - name: es7 # config目录下的子目录名称
        hosts: 192.168.168.2:9300 # 127.0.0.1:9200 for rest mode
        properties:
          mode: transport # or rest
#          # security.auth: test:123456 #  only used for rest mode
          cluster.name: my_application
#        - name: kudu
#          key: kudu
#          properties:
#            kudu.master.address: 127.0.0.1 # ',' split multi address

2.ElasticSearch 表映射文件

# 指定数据源，这个值和adapter的application.yml文件中配置的srcDataSources值对应。
dataSourceKey: defaultDS
# 指定canal-server中配置的某个实例的名字，不同实例对应不同业务
destination: example
# 组ID ，tcp方式这里填写空，不要填写值，不然可能会接收不到数据
groupId: 
# ES的mapping（映射）
esMapping:
  # ES索引名称
  _index: testsync2
  # ES标示文档的唯一标示，通常对应数据表中的主键ID字段
  _id: _id
#  upsert: true
#  pk: id
# 数据表每个字段映射到表中的具体名称，不能重复
  sql: "select a.id as _id, a.name,a.age,a.age_2,a.message,a.insert_time from testsync as a"
#  objFields:
#    _labels: array:;
#  etlCondition: "where a.c_time>={}"
  commitBatch: 10

3 重启服务

bin/restart.sh

写入数据

INSERT INTO testsync(id,name,age,insert_time) values(UUID(),UUID(),2,now());
INSERT INTO testsync(id,name,age,insert_time) values(UUID(),UUID(),2,now());
INSERT INTO testsync(id,name,age,insert_time) values(UUID(),UUID(),2,now());
INSERT INTO testsync(id,name,age,insert_time) values(UUID(),UUID(),2,now());
INSERT INTO testsync(id,name,age,insert_time) values(UUID(),UUID(),2,now());
INSERT INTO testsync(id,name,age,insert_time) values(UUID(),UUID(),2,now());
INSERT INTO testsync(id,name,age,insert_time) values(UUID(),UUID(),2,now());
INSERT INTO testsync(id,name,age,insert_time) values(UUID(),UUID(),2,now());

查看adapter日志

2021-09-20 13:53:07.279 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO  c.a.o.canal.client.adapter.logger.LoggerAdapterExample - DML: {"data":[{"id":"05fabf89-19d7-11ec-bbe0-708cb6f5eaa6","name":"05fabfb4-19d7-11ec-bbe0-708cb6f5eaa6","age":2,"age_2":null,"message":null,"insert_time":1632117185000}],"database":"test2","destination":"example","es":1632117185000,"groupId":"g1","isDdl":false,"old":null,"pkNames":["id"],"sql":"","table":"testsync","ts":1632117187278,"type":"INSERT"}
2021-09-20 13:53:07.286 [pool-1-thread-1] DEBUG c.a.o.c.client.adapter.hbase.service.HbaseSyncService - DML: {"data":[{"id":"05fabf89-19d7-11ec-bbe0-708cb6f5eaa6","name":"05fabfb4-19d7-11ec-bbe0-708cb6f5eaa6","age":2,"age_2":null,"message":null,"insert_time":1632117185000}],"database":"test2","destination":"example","es":1632117185000,"groupId":"g1","isDdl":false,"old":null,"pkNames":["id"],"sql":"","table":"testsync","ts":1632117187278,"type":"INSERT"}
2021-09-20 13:53:07.287 [pool-1-thread-1] DEBUG c.a.o.canal.client.adapter.es.core.service.ESSyncService - DML: {"data":[{"id":"05fabf89-19d7-11ec-bbe0-708cb6f5eaa6","name":"05fabfb4-19d7-11ec-bbe0-708cb6f5eaa6","age":2,"age_2":null,"message":null,"insert_time":1632117185000}],"database":"test2","destination":"example","es":1632117185000,"groupId":"g1","isDdl":false,"old":null,"pkNames":["id"],"sql":"","table":"testsync","ts":1632117187278,"type":"INSERT"} 
Affected indexes: testsync2

查看ElasticSearch数据
在这里插入图片描述
至此写入ElasticSearch、Hbase成功

适配器映射文件详细介绍（单表、多表映射介绍）

${adapter}/conf/es7/xxx.yml

dataSourceKey: defaultDS        # 源数据源的key, 对应上面配置的srcDataSources中的值
outerAdapterKey: exampleKey     # 对应application.yml中es配置的key 
destination: example            # cannal的instance或者MQ的topic
groupId:                        # 对应MQ模式下的groupId, 只会同步对应groupId的数据
esMapping:
  _index: mytest_user           # es 的索引名称
  _type: _doc                   # es 的type名称, es7下无需配置此项
  _id: _id                      # es 的_id, 如果不配置该项必须配置下面的pk项_id则会由es自动分配
#  pk: id                       # 如果不需要_id, 则需要指定一个属性为主键属性
  # sql映射
  sql: "select a.id as _id, a.name as _name, a.role_id as _role_id, b.role_name as _role_name,
        a.c_time as _c_time, c.labels as _labels from user a
        left join role b on b.id=a.role_id
        left join (select user_id, group_concat(label order by id desc separator ';') as labels from label
        group by user_id) c on c.user_id=a.id"
#  objFields:
#    _labels: array:;           # 数组或者对象属性, array:; 代表以;字段里面是以;分隔的
#    _obj: object               # json对象
  etlCondition: "where a.c_time>='{0}'"     # etl 的条件参数
  commitBatch: 3000                         # 提交批大小

sql映射说明:

sql支持多表关联自由组合, 但是有一定的限制:

主表不能为子查询语句
只能使用left outer join即最左表一定要是主表
关联从表如果是子查询不能有多张表
主sql中不能有where查询条件(从表子查询中可以有where条件但是不推荐, 可能会造成数据同步的不一致, 比如修改了where条件中的字段内容)
关联条件只允许主外键的’='操作不能出现其他常量判断比如: on a.role_id=b.id and b.statues=1
关联条件必须要有一个字段出现在主查询语句中比如: on a.role_id=b.id 其中的 a.role_id 或者 b.id 必须出现在主select语句中

Elastic Search的mapping 属性与sql的查询值将一一对应(不支持 select *), 比如: select a.id as _id, a.name, a.email as _email from user, 其中name将映射到es mapping的name field, _email将映射到mapping的_email field, 这里以别名(如果有别名)作为最终的映射字段. 这里的_id可以填写到配置文件的 _id: _id映射.

单表映射索引示例sql

select a.id as _id, a.name, a.role_id, a.c_time from user a

该sql对应的es mapping示例:

{
    "mytest_user": {
        "mappings": {
            "_doc": {
                "properties": {
                    "name": {
                        "type": "text"
                    },
                    "role_id": {
                        "type": "long"
                    },
                    "c_time": {
                        "type": "date"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

单表映射索引示例sql带函数或运算操作

select a.id as _id, concat(a.name,'_test') as name, a.role_id+10000 as role_id, a.c_time from user a

函数字段后必须跟上别名, 该sql对应的es mapping示例:

{
    "mytest_user": {
        "mappings": {
            "_doc": {
                "properties": {
                    "name": {
                        "type": "text"
                    },
                    "role_id": {
                        "type": "long"
                    },
                    "c_time": {
                        "type": "date"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

多表映射(一对一, 多对一)索引示例sql

select a.id as _id, a.name, a.role_id, b.role_name, a.c_time from user a 
left join role b on b.id = a.role_id

注:这里join操作只能是left outer join, 第一张表必须为主表!!
该sql对应的es mapping示例:

{
    "mytest_user": {
        "mappings": {
            "_doc": {
                "properties": {
                    "name": {
                        "type": "text"
                    },
                    "role_id": {
                        "type": "long"
                    },
                    "role_name": {
                        "type": "text"
                    },
                    "c_time": {
                        "type": "date"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

多表映射(一对多)索引示例sql

select a.id as _id, a.name, a.role_id, c.labels, a.c_time from user a 
left join (select user_id, group_concat(label order by id desc separator ';') as labels from label
        group by user_id) c on c.user_id=a.id

注:left join 后的子查询只允许一张表, 即子查询中不能再包含子查询或者关联!!

该sql对应的es mapping示例:

{
    "mytest_user": {
        "mappings": {
            "_doc": {
                "properties": {
                    "name": {
                        "type": "text"
                    },
                    "role_id": {
                        "type": "long"
                    },
                    "c_time": {
                        "type": "date"
                    },
                    "labels": {
                        "type": "text"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

其它类型的sql示例

geo type

select ... concat(IFNULL(a.latitude, 0), ',', IFNULL(a.longitude, 0)) AS location, ...

复合主键

select concat(a.id,'_',b.type) as _id, ... from user a left join role b on b.id=a.role_id

数组字段

select a.id as _id, a.name, a.role_id, c.labels, a.c_time from user a 
left join (select user_id, group_concat(label order by id desc separator ';') as labels from label
        group by user_id) c on c.user_id=a.id

配置中使用:

objFields:
  labels: array:;

对象字段

select a.id as _id, a.name, a.role_id, c.labels, a.c_time, a.description from user a

配置中使用:

objFields:
  description: object

其中a.description字段内容为json字符串

父子文档索引
es/customer.yml

......
esMapping:
  _index: customer
  _type: _doc
  _id: id
  relations:
    customer_order:
      name: customer
  sql: "select t.id, t.name, t.email from customer t"

es/order.yml

esMapping:
  _index: customer
  _type: _doc
  _id: _id
  relations:
    customer_order:
      name: order
      parent: customer_id
  sql: "select concat('oid_', t.id) as _id,
        t.customer_id,
        t.id as order_id,
        t.serial_code as order_serial,
        t.c_time as order_time
        from biz_order t"
  skips:
    - customer_id

mapping示例:

{
  "mappings":{
    "_doc":{
      "properties":{
        "id": {
          "type": "long"
        },
        "name": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "email": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "order_id": {
          "type": "long"
        },
        "order_serial": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "order_time": {
          "type": "date"
        },
        "customer_order":{
          "type":"join",
          "relations":{
            "customer":"order"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

注意事项

多表映射时，主表数据必须插入，如果只插入子表不插入主表，数据无法同步到ElasticSearch；相反只插入主表，子表不进行插入，数据是可以同步到ElasticSearch的
多表映射时，如果主表关联id写入后，子表再进行修改之前的关联的id为我们主表写入的id，数据是无法同步到ElasticSearch中的。