[大数据]使用canal和canal-adapter实时同步Mysql数据到postgres数据库中

canal简介

canal，译意为水道/管道/沟渠，主要用途是基于 MySQL 数据库增量日志解析，提供增量数据订阅和消费

基于日志增量订阅和消费的业务包括

• 数据库镜像
• 数据库实时备份
• 索引构建和实时维护(拆分异构索引、倒排索引等)
• 业务 cache 刷新
• 带业务逻辑的增量数据处理
  当前的 canal 支持源端 MySQL 版本包括 5.1.x , 5.5.x , 5.6.x , 5.7.x , 8.0.x

canal和canal-adapter下载

官方下载地址: https://github.com/alibaba/canal/releases
百度云-1.1.4：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1T1ZVjmluu99NlVRUWtDnUw 密码：snmc

Mysql配置

[mysqld]  
log-bin=mysql-bin #添加这一行就ok  
binlog-format=ROW #选择row模式  
server_id=1 #配置mysql replaction需要定义，不能和canal的slaveId重复

查看是否开启bin-log
show variables like ‘log_bin’;

查看bin-log的模式
show variables like ‘binlog_format’;

canal安装及配置

安装

下载的canal.deployer-1.1.4.tar.gz拷贝到linux目录下进行解压

tar -zxvf canal.deployer-1.1.4.tar.gz -C /opt/module/canal.deployer

注意：canal解压后是散的，我们在指定解压目录的时候需要将canal指定上

配置

本文测试的是canal实时同步mysql数据到kafka

修改 conf/canal.properties 的配置

#################################################
######### 		common argument		#############
#################################################
# tcp bind ip
canal.ip =
# register ip to zookeeper
canal.register.ip =
canal.port = 11111
canal.metrics.pull.port = 11112
# canal instance user/passwd
# canal.user = canal
# canal.passwd = E3619321C1A937C46A0D8BD1DAC39F93B27D4458

# canal admin config
#canal.admin.manager = 127.0.0.1:8089
canal.admin.port = 11110
canal.admin.user = admin
canal.admin.passwd = 4ACFE3202A5FF5CF467898FC58AAB1D615029441

canal.zkServers =
# flush data to zk
canal.zookeeper.flush.period = 1000
canal.withoutNetty = false
# tcp, kafka, RocketMQ
#默认tcp模式  我们修改为kafka
canal.serverMode = kafka
# flush meta cursor/parse position to file
canal.file.data.dir = ${canal.conf.dir}
canal.file.flush.period = 1000
## memory store RingBuffer size, should be Math.pow(2,n)
canal.instance.memory.buffer.size = 16384
## memory store RingBuffer used memory unit size , default 1kb
canal.instance.memory.buffer.memunit = 1024 
## meory store gets mode used MEMSIZE or ITEMSIZE
canal.instance.memory.batch.mode = MEMSIZE
canal.instance.memory.rawEntry = true

## detecing config
canal.instance.detecting.enable = false
#canal.instance.detecting.sql = insert into retl.xdual values(1,now()) on duplicate key update x=now()
canal.instance.detecting.sql = select 1
canal.instance.detecting.interval.time = 3
canal.instance.detecting.retry.threshold = 3
canal.instance.detecting.heartbeatHaEnable = false

# support maximum transaction size, more than the size of the transaction will be cut into multiple transactions delivery
canal.instance.transaction.size =  1024
# mysql fallback connected to new master should fallback times
canal.instance.fallbackIntervalInSeconds = 60

# network config
canal.instance.network.receiveBufferSize = 16384
canal.instance.network.sendBufferSize = 16384
canal.instance.network.soTimeout = 30

# binlog filter config
canal.instance.filter.druid.ddl = true
canal.instance.filter.query.dcl = false
canal.instance.filter.query.dml = false
canal.instance.filter.query.ddl = false
canal.instance.filter.table.error = false
canal.instance.filter.rows = false
canal.instance.filter.transaction.entry = false

# binlog format/image check
canal.instance.binlog.format = ROW,STATEMENT,MIXED 
canal.instance.binlog.image = FULL,MINIMAL,NOBLOB

# binlog ddl isolation
canal.instance.get.ddl.isolation = false

# parallel parser config
canal.instance.parser.parallel = true
## concurrent thread number, default 60% available processors, suggest not to exceed Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
#这个参数开启一下防止获取不到数据
canal.instance.parser.parallelThreadSize = 16
## disruptor ringbuffer size, must be power of 2
canal.instance.parser.parallelBufferSize = 256

# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable = true
canal.instance.tsdb.dir = ${canal.file.data.dir:../conf}/${canal.instance.destination:}
canal.instance.tsdb.url = jdbc:h2:${canal.instance.tsdb.dir}/h2;CACHE_SIZE=1000;MODE=MYSQL;
canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername = canal
canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword = canal
# dump snapshot interval, default 24 hour
canal.instance.tsdb.snapshot.interval = 24
# purge snapshot expire , default 360 hour(15 days)
canal.instance.tsdb.snapshot.expire = 360

# aliyun ak/sk , support rds/mq
canal.aliyun.accessKey =
canal.aliyun.secretKey =

#################################################
######### 		destinations		#############
#################################################
#conf下的每一个 example 即是一个实例，每个实例下面都有独立的配置文件。默认只有一个实例 example，可以有多个canal.destinations=实例 1，实例 2，实例 3
canal.destinations = example
# conf root dir
canal.conf.dir = ../conf
# auto scan instance dir add/remove and start/stop instance
canal.auto.scan = true
canal.auto.scan.interval = 5

canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/h2-tsdb.xml
#canal.instance.tsdb.spring.xml = classpath:spring/tsdb/mysql-tsdb.xml

canal.instance.global.mode = spring
canal.instance.global.lazy = false
canal.instance.global.manager.address = ${canal.admin.manager}
#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/memory-instance.xml
canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/file-instance.xml
#canal.instance.global.spring.xml = classpath:spring/default-instance.xml

##################################################
######### 		     MQ 		     #############
##################################################
#kafka集群地址
canal.mq.servers = xxx:9092,xxx:9092,xxx:9092
canal.mq.retries = 0
# flagMessage模式下可以调大该值, 但不要超过MQ消息体大小上限
canal.mq.batchSize = 16384
canal.mq.maxRequestSize = 1048576
# flatMessage模式下请将该值改大, 建议50-200
canal.mq.lingerMs = 100
canal.mq.bufferMemory = 33554432
canal.mq.canalBatchSize = 50
canal.mq.canalGetTimeout = 100
canal.mq.flatMessage = true
canal.mq.compressionType = none
canal.mq.acks = all
#canal.mq.properties. =
canal.mq.producerGroup = test
# Set this value to "cloud", if you want open message trace feature in aliyun.
canal.mq.accessChannel = local
# aliyun mq namespace
#canal.mq.namespace =

##################################################
#########     Kafka Kerberos Info    #############
##################################################
canal.mq.kafka.kerberos.enable = false
canal.mq.kafka.kerberos.krb5FilePath = "../conf/kerberos/krb5.conf"
canal.mq.kafka.kerberos.jaasFilePath = "../conf/kerberos/jaas.conf"

详细参数配置: https://github.com/alibaba/canal/wiki/Canal-Kafka-RocketMQ-QuickStart

修改 example/instance.properties的配置

#################################################
## mysql serverId , v1.0.26+ will autoGen
# canal.instance.mysql.slaveId=0

# enable gtid use true/false
canal.instance.gtidon=false

# position info
#源mysql数据库地址
canal.instance.master.address=127.0.0.1:3306
canal.instance.master.journal.name=
canal.instance.master.position=
canal.instance.master.timestamp=
canal.instance.master.gtid=

# rds oss binlog
canal.instance.rds.accesskey=
canal.instance.rds.secretkey=
canal.instance.rds.instanceId=

# table meta tsdb info
canal.instance.tsdb.enable=true
#canal.instance.tsdb.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/canal_tsdb
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbUsername=canal
#canal.instance.tsdb.dbPassword=canal

#canal.instance.standby.address =
#canal.instance.standby.journal.name =
#canal.instance.standby.position =
#canal.instance.standby.timestamp =
#canal.instance.standby.gtid=

# username/password
#数据库用户名和密码
canal.instance.dbUsername=canal
canal.instance.dbPassword=canal
canal.instance.connectionCharset = UTF-8
# enable druid Decrypt database password
canal.instance.enableDruid=false
#canal.instance.pwdPublicKey=MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBALK4BUxdDltRRE5/zXpVEVPUgunvscYFtEip3pmLlhrWpacX7y7GCMo2/JM6LeHmiiNdH1FWgGCpUfircSwlWKUCAwEAAQ==

# table regex
#监控需要同步的具体表，也可以使用正则表达式监听多张表或者库
#某个库下所有表：mytest\\..*
#匹配所有：.*\\..*
canal.instance.filter.regex=test.test
# table black regex
#canal.instance.filter.black.regex=
# table field filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.field=test1.t_product:id/subject/keywords,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch
# table field black filter(format: schema1.tableName1:field1/field2,schema2.tableName2:field1/field2)
#canal.instance.filter.black.field=test1.t_product:subject/product_image,test2.t_company:id/name/contact/ch

# mq config
#kafka的topic名
canal.mq.topic=kf_test
# dynamic topic route by schema or table regex
#canal.mq.dynamicTopic=mytest1.user,mytest2\\..*,.*\\..*
#默认还是输出到指定 Kafka 主题的一个 kafka 分区，因为多个分区并行可能会打乱binlog 的顺序
canal.mq.partition=0
# hash partition config
#kafka的分区数
#如果要提高并行度，首先设置 kafka 的分区数>1,然后设置 canal.mq.partitionHash 属性
#canal.mq.partitionsNum=3
#canal.mq.partitionHash=test.table:id^name,.*\\..*
#################################################

启动 canal

到canal安装的bin路径下启动

看到 CanalLauncher 你表示启动成功，同时会创建 kafka主题

canal-adapter安装及配置

安装

下载的canal.adapter-1.1.4.tar.gz拷贝到linux目录下进行解压

tar -zxvf canal.adapter-1.1.4.tar.gz -C /opt/module/canal.adapter

配置

canal.adapter读取上面canal发送到kafka的数据到postgres中

修改conf/application.yml文件

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  jackson:
    date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
    time-zone: GMT+8
    default-property-inclusion: non_null

canal.conf:
# 默认tcp
  mode: kafka # kafka rocketMQ
#  canalServerHost: 127.0.0.1:11111
#  zookeeperHosts: slave1:2181
# 修改成自己的kafka地址
  mqServers: xxx:9092,xxx:9092,xxx:9092 #or rocketmq
# 数据压缩格式
#  flatMessage: true
  batchSize: 5
  syncBatchSize: 2
  retries: 0
  timeout:
  accessKey:
  secretKey:
  srcDataSources:
    defaultDS:
    # 源mysql数据库jdbc地址
      url: jdbc:127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true
      username: canal
      password: canal
  canalAdapters:
   # kafka主题名
  - instance: kf_test # canal instance Name or mq topic name
    groups:
    - groupId: g1
      outerAdapters:
      - name: logger
#      - name: rdb
#        key: mysql1
#        properties:
#          jdbc.driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#          jdbc.url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest2?useUnicode=true
#          jdbc.username: root
#          jdbc.password: 121212
#      - name: rdb
#        key: oracle1
#        properties:
#          jdbc.driverClassName: oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver
#          jdbc.url: jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:49161:XE
#          jdbc.username: mytest
#          jdbc.password: m12121
#       指定为rdb类型同步
      - name: rdb  
        #指定adapter的唯一key, 与表映射配置中outerAdapterKey对应
        key: postgres1
        properties:
          #pg数据库的链接地址
          jdbc.driverClassName: org.postgresql.Driver
          jdbc.url: jdbc:postgresql:120.0.0.1:3433/dapeng
          jdbc.username: canal
          jdbc.password: canal
          threads: 1000
          commitSize: 3000
#      - name: hbase
#        properties:
#          hbase.zookeeper.quorum: 127.0.0.1
#          hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort: 2181
#          zookeeper.znode.parent: /hbase
#      - name: es
#        hosts: 127.0.0.1:9300 # 127.0.0.1:9200 for rest mode
#        properties:
#          mode: transport # or rest
#          # security.auth: test:123456 #  only used for rest mode
#          cluster.name: elasticsearch

修改conf/rdb/下的mytest_user.yml文件

dataSourceKey: defaultDS      #和application里面的srcDataSources参数一致
destination: topic1           #canal的实例名字或者是kafka的topic名字
groupId: g1                   #和application里面的一致
outerAdapterKey: postgres1       #和application里面的一致
concurrent: true
dbMapping:
  database: test               #源MySQL的数据库
  table: test               #源MySQL的org的表orders
  targetTable: public.test    #目标数据库和表 这里的是pg数据的模式名称不是数据库名称
  targetPk:
    id: id                    #MySQL的主键
  mapAll: true                #全量映射
#  targetColumns:             #部分映射
#    id:
#    name:
#    role_id:
#    c_time:
#    test1:
#  etlCondition: "where c_time>={}" # 简单的etl处理
  commitBatch: 3000 # 批量提交的大小


## Mirror schema synchronize config
#dataSourceKey: defaultDS
#destination: example
#groupId: g1
#outerAdapterKey: mysql1
#concurrent: true
#dbMapping:
#  mirrorDb: true
#  database: mytest

启动 canal-adapter

到canal-adapter安装的bin路径下启动

看到 CanalAdapterApplication表示启动成功