索引
之前都是自动创建索引，自动进行dynamic mapping自动映射。
那我们看看如何手动创建索引，完成增删改查操作。
1、创建索引
创建索引的语法
PUT /my_index
{
"settings": { ... any settings ... },
"mappings": {
"type_one": { ... any mappings ... },
"type_two": { ... any mappings ... },
...
}
}
创建索引的示例
PUT /my_index
{
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 1,
"number_of_replicas": 0
},
"mappings": {
"my_type" : {
"properties": {
"my_filed" : {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
}
}
2、查看索引
GET /my_index
响应结果
{
"my_index": {
"aliases": {},
"mappings": {
"my_type": {
"properties": {
"my_filed": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
},
"settings": {
"index": {
"creation_date": "1636764010606",
"number_of_shards": "1",
"number_of_replicas": "0",
"uuid": "8HAFX_BZRy2LMXUnzcDVVw",
"version": {
"created": "5060099"
},
"provided_name": "my_index"
}
}
}
}
3、修改索引
比如修改settings中的number_of_replicas
PUT /my_index/_settings
{
"number_of_replicas": 1
}
响应结果
{
"acknowledged": true
}
查看索引
GET /my_index
响应结果
{
"my_index": {
"aliases": {},
"mappings": {
"my_type": {
"properties": {
"my_filed": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
},
"settings": {
"index": {
"creation_date": "1636764010606",
"number_of_shards": "1",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "8HAFX_BZRy2LMXUnzcDVVw",
"version": {
"created": "5060099"
},
"provided_name": "my_index"
}
}
}
}
4、删除索引
删除索引有多种方式比如：
DELETE /my_index
DELETE /index_one,index_two
DELETE /index_*
DELETE / _all
DELETE /my_index
响应结果
{
"acknowledged": true
}
查看索引
GET /my_index
响应结果
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "index_not_found_exception",
"reason": "no such index",
"resource.type": "index_or_alias",
"resource.id": "my_index",
"index_uuid": "_na_",
"index": "my_index"
}
],
"type": "index_not_found_exception",
"reason": "no such index",
"resource.type": "index_or_alias",
"resource.id": "my_index",
"index_uuid": "_na_",
"index": "my_index"
},
"status": 404
}
在es文件elasticsearch.yml中有一个配置
action.destructive_requires_name: true
表示删除索引必须指定索引名，这样DELETE / _all这种方式不可以了。
分词器
1、默认的分词器
standard
standard tokenizer：以单词边界进行切分
standard token filter：什么都不做
lowercase token filter：将所有字母转换为小写
stop token filer（默认被禁用）：移除停用词，比如a the it等等
2、修改分词器的设置
启用english停用词token filter
PUT /my_index
{
"settings": {
"analysis": {
"analyzer": {
"es_std": {
"type": "standard",
"stopwords": "_english_"
}
}
}
}
}
响应结果
{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true,
"index": "my_index"
}
使用standard分词器
GET /my_index/_analyze
{
"analyzer": "standard",
"text": "a dog is in the house"
}
响应结果
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "a",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 1,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 0
},
{
"token": "dog",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 5,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 1
},
{
"token": "is",
"start_offset": 6,
"end_offset": 8,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 2
},
{
"token": "in",
"start_offset": 9,
"end_offset": 11,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 3
},
{
"token": "the",
"start_offset": 12,
"end_offset": 15,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 4
},
{
"token": "house",
"start_offset": 16,
"end_offset": 21,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 5
}
]
}
使用standard分词器修改后的es_std分词器
GET /my_index/_analyze
{
"analyzer": "es_std",
"text":"a dog is in the house"
}
响应结果
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "dog",
"start_offset": 2,
"end_offset": 5,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 1
},
{
"token": "house",
"start_offset": 16,
"end_offset": 21,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 5
}
]
}
是英文停用词的单词都被过滤了
3、定制化自己的分词器
&_to_and：&转换为and
my_stopwords：the 、 a 为停用词
分词器使用
"my_analyzer": {
"type": "custom",
"char_filter": ["html_strip", "&_to_and"],
"tokenizer": "standard",
"filter": ["lowercase", "my_stopwords"]
}
先删除索引
DELETE /my_index
重新创建索引并自定义分词器
PUT /my_index
{
"settings": {
"analysis": {
"char_filter": {
"&_to_and": {
"type": "mapping",
"mappings": ["&=> and"]
}
},
"filter": {
"my_stopwords": {
"type": "stop",
"stopwords": ["the", "a"]
}
},
"analyzer": {
"my_analyzer": {
"type": "custom",
"char_filter": ["html_strip", "&_to_and"],
"tokenizer": "standard",
"filter": ["lowercase", "my_stopwords"]
}
}
}
}
}
响应结果
{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true,
"index": "my_index"
}
使用自定义的分词器
GET /my_index/_analyze
{
"text": "tom&jerry are a friend in the house, <a>, HAHA!!",
"analyzer": "my_analyzer"
}
响应结果
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "tomandjerry",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 9,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 0
},
{
"token": "are",
"start_offset": 10,
"end_offset": 13,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 1
},
{
"token": "friend",
"start_offset": 16,
"end_offset": 22,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 3
},
{
"token": "in",
"start_offset": 23,
"end_offset": 25,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 4
},
{
"token": "house",
"start_offset": 30,
"end_offset": 35,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 6
},
{
"token": "haha",
"start_offset": 42,
"end_offset": 46,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 7
}
]
}
设置指定type的某个字段使用自定义的分词器
PUT /my_index/_mapping/my_type
{
"properties": {
"content": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "my_analyzer"
}
}
}
响应结果
{
"acknowledged": true
}
查看索引
GET /my_index
响应结果
{
"my_index": {
"aliases": {},
"mappings": {
"my_type": {
"properties": {
"content": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "my_analyzer"
}
}
}
},
"settings": {
"index": {
"number_of_shards": "5",
"provided_name": "my_index",
"creation_date": "1636768940575",
"analysis": {
"filter": {
"my_stopwords": {
"type": "stop",
"stopwords": [
"the",
"a"
]
}
},
"analyzer": {
"my_analyzer": {
"filter": [
"lowercase",
"my_stopwords"
],
"char_filter": [
"html_strip",
"&_to_and"
],
"type": "custom",
"tokenizer": "standard"
}
},
"char_filter": {
"&_to_and": {
"type": "mapping",
"mappings": [
"&=> and"
]
}
}
},
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "YyPcT1OmS_O7xW5Xpq7fgw",
"version": {
"created": "5060099"
}
}
}
}
}
/my_index/my_type/content使用自定义的my_analyzer分词器
|