[大数据]Hive安装到配置-2021年11月23日

Hive安装到配置

前言

hadoop version ：hadoop 2.7.3

mysql version ：MySQL 5.7.32

（一）Hive集群规划

（二）安装MySql

1. 官网下载需要的包

wget \
https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-community-client-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm \
https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-community-common-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm \
https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-community-libs-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm \
https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm \
https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-community-server-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2. 把他们下载到 CentOS 的 /usr/local/src 目录下

3. 安装包，注意依赖，需要联网

yum install -y mysql-community-*-5.7.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

4. 开启服务器并初始化密码，使用的命令和命令详解：

# 开启MySQL服务器
systemctl start mysqld
# 查看默认生成的密码
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password

5. 登录MySql:

#使用你查到的临时密码进行登录
mysql -u root -p

6. 设置密码等级和修改密码

#设置密码登记
set global validate_password_length=4;
set global validate_password_policy=0;
#修改默认密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '密码';#此处注意修改您的密码

7. 命令查看show variables like 'character%';

   • 需要将表中的数据改为如下：
     

• 默认表的字符集是拉丁文，后续录入中文会有乱码，所以需要将如下两个改为UTF-8

  character_set_databse

  character_set_server

• 修改配置文件

  vim /etc/my.cnf
  

• 修改后的内容

  # For advice on how to change settings please see
  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
  [client]
  default-character-set=utf8
  
  [mysql]
  default-character-set=utf8
  
  [mysqld]
  character-set-server=utf8
  #
  # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
  # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
  # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
  #
  # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
  # changes to the binary log between backups.
  # log_bin
  #
  # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
  # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
  # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
  # join_buffer_size = 128M
  # sort_buffer_size = 2M
  # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
  datadir=/var/lib/mysql
  socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
  
  # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
  symbolic-links=0
  
  log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
  pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
  

• 重点部分

  [client]
  default-character-set=utf8
  [mysql]
  default-character-set=utf8
  [mysqld]
  character-set-server=utf8
  

  修改后重启MySql服务

（三）Hive安装

1. 下载Hive安装包

   Hive下载地址

   Hive 2.2.0下载地址

2. 下载后上传到Centos7对应文件夹再进行解压

   # 使用root用户的话，默认目录是在root
   # 上传的位置是 /root/
   # 解压缩文件
   tar -zxf apache-hive-2.2.0-bin.tar.gz 
   # 重命名文件夹并将文件夹移动到/usr/local目录下
   mv apache-hive-2.2.0-bin.tar.gz /usr/local/Hive
   

3. 配置Hive

   1. 环境变量配置

      vi + /etc/profile
      

      在环境变量中添加如下：

      # Hive环境变量
      export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/hive    #这里就是你存放Hive的路径
      export PATH=$PATH:${HIVE_HOME}/bin
      

      保存更新后需要更新环境变量

      source /etc/profile
      

   2. 第一个配置文件 Hive-site.xml

      # 将Hive文件夹里面的Hive-default.xml.template改名为Hive-site.xml
      mv ./Hive-default.xml.template ./Hive-site.xml
      # 修改Hive-site.xml配置文件
      vi + /Hive-site.xml
      

      • Hive-site.xml文件的修改内容

      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
      <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
      <configuration>
      <!--mysql 数据库连接的IP地址需要更改为你mysql那台机器的地址-->
              <property>
                       <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
                      <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.131.132:3306/hive</value>
              </property>
      <!--mysql驱动-->
              <property>
                      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
                      <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
              </property>
      <!--mysql用户名-->
              <property>
                      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
                      <value>root</value>
              </property>
      <!--mysql中hive用户密码-->
              <property>
                      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
                      <value>123456</value>
              </property>
      
              <property>
                      <name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
                      <value>false</value>
              </property>
      </configuration>
      

   3. 第二个配置文件hive-env.sh

      # 这是我的环境配置（供参考）
      # 所有的软件路径根据主机的安装路径来决定
      export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
      export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
      export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/hive
      

   4. 配置其他节点的Hive

      1. 将安装包传到其他节点

      scp -r 文件路径 用户@主机名：存放路径
      

      2. 其他节点主机的配置（将其它两个连接到Master主机）

      [hadoop@hadoop02 ~]$ vim hive/conf/hive-site.xml
      <configuration>
      <property>
      <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
      <value>thrift://Master:9083</value>
      </property>
      </configuration>
      [hadoop@hadoop03 ~]$ vim hive/conf/hive-site.xml
      <configuration>
      <property>
      <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
      <value>thrift://Master:9083</value>
      </property>
      </configuration>
      

（四）问题解决

1. 问题（1）：

   Error: Duplicate key name 'PCS_STATS_IDX' (state=42000,code=1061)org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Schema initialization FAILED! Metastore state would be inconsistent !!
   

   原因：MySQL中已经存在Hive需要的表

   解决方式：删除MySQL中的所有表然后再进行初始化

2. 问题（2）：

   报错现象(如果是按照上面的hive-env.sh进行配置的话不会出现这个问题)：

   [root@master bin]# ./schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
   Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option MaxPermSize=512M; support was removed in 8.0
   which: no hbase in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_191/bin:/root/bin)
   Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option MaxPermSize=512M; support was removed in 8.0
   Metastore connection URL:     jdbc:mysql://192.168.52.26:3306/hive
   Metastore Connection Driver :     com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
   Metastore connection User:     APP
   org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Failed to get schema version.
   *** schemaTool failed ***
   

   解决方法：

   hive-site.xml文件中添加以下内容

   <property>
         <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
         <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.52.26:3306/hive</value>
     </property>
     <property>
         <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
         <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
     </property>
     <property>
         <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
         <value>root</value>
     </property>
     <property>
         <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
         <value>root</value>
     </property>
   

（五）参考文档

紫色飞猪——整体思路

XiaoHH Superme——MySQL安装

魁·帝小仙—— Hive安装与配置详解

吹静静——问题（2）解决思路