文章目录
1 DataX介绍及安装
1.1 DataX介绍
DataX 是阿里巴巴开源的一个异构数据源离线同步工具，致力于实现包括关系型数据库(MySQL、Oracle 等)、HDFS、Hive、ODPS、HBase、FTP 等各种异构数据源之间稳定高效的数据同步功能。
为了解决异构数据源同步问题，DataX 将复杂的网状的同步链路变成了星型数据链路，DataX 作为中间传输载体负责连接各种数据源。当需要接入一个新的数据源的时候，只需要将此数据源对接到 DataX，便能跟已有的数据源做到无缝数据同步。
1.2 支持的数据源
1.3 运行原理
1.4 DataX安装
下载地址：http://datax-opensource.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/datax.tar.gz
源码地址：https://github.com/alibaba/DataX
DataX不需要依赖其他服务，直接上传、解压、安装、配置环境变量即可
也可以直接在windows上解压
#解压至/usr/local/soft/
tar -zxvf datax.tar.gz -C /usr/local/soft/
#配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
#更新配置文件
source /etc/profile
2 DataX的使用
2.1 streamTostream
从stream读取数据并打印到控制台
2.1.1 创建配置文件（json格式）
# stream2stream.json
{
"job": {
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "streamreader",
"parameter": {
"sliceRecordCount": 10,
"column": [
{
"type": "long",
"value": "10"
},
{
"type": "string",
"value": "hello，你好，世界-DataX"
}
]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "streamwriter",
"parameter": {
"encoding": "UTF-8",
"print": true
}
}
}
],
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel": 5
}
}
}
}
2.1.2 启动DataX
datax.py stream2stream.json
2.1.3 执行结果
2021-12-07 20:08:30.673 [job-0] INFO JobContainer -
任务启动时刻 : 2021-12-07 20:08:20
任务结束时刻 : 2021-12-07 20:08:30
任务总计耗时 : 10s
任务平均流量 : 95B/s
记录写入速度 : 5rec/s
读出记录总数 : 50
读写失败总数 : 0
2.2 mysqlTohbase
需要在mysql中创建student库和student表
需要在hbase中创建datax_test表
不同数据库和表，相应的参数也要改变
2.2.1 创建配置文件（json格式）
#mysqlTohbase.json
{
"job": {
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "mysqlreader",
"parameter": {
"username": "root",
"password": "123456",
"column": [
"id",
"name",
"age",
"gender",
"clazz",
"last_mod"
],
"splitPk": "id",
"connection": [
{
"table": [
"student"
],
"jdbcUrl": [
"jdbc:mysql://master:3306/student?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=utf8"
]
}
]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "hbase11xwriter",
"parameter": {
"hbaseConfig": {
"hbase.zookeeper.quorum": "master:2181,node1:2181,node2:2181"
},
"table": "data_test",
"mode": "normal",
"rowkeyColumn": [
{
"index":0,
"type":"string"
}
],
"column": [
{
"index":1,
"name": "cf1:name",
"type": "string"
},
{
"index":2,
"name": "cf1:age",
"type": "string"
},
{
"index":3,
"name": "cf1:gender",
"type": "string"
},
{
"index":4,
"name": "cf1:clazz",
"type": "string"
}
],
"versionColumn":{
"index": 5,
},
"encoding": "utf-8"
}
}
}
],
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel": 5
}
}
}
}
2.2.2 执行DataX
datax.py mysqlTohbase.json
2.2.3 执行结果
2021-12-07 20:51:14.214 [job-0] INFO JobContainer -
任务启动时刻 : 2021-12-07 20:51:03
任务结束时刻 : 2021-12-07 20:51:14
任务总计耗时 : 11s
任务平均流量 : 4.30KB/s
记录写入速度 : 100rec/s
读出记录总数 : 1000
读写失败总数 : 0
2.3 mysqlTohdfs
2.3.1 创建配置文件
{
"job": {
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "mysqlreader",
"parameter": {
"username": "root",
"password": "123456",
"column": [
"id",
"name",
"age",
"gender",
"clazz",
"last_mod"
],
"splitPk": "age",
"connection": [
{
"table": [
"student"
],
"jdbcUrl": [
"jdbc:mysql://master:3306/student"
]
}
]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "hdfswriter",
"parameter": {
"defaultFS": "hdfs://master:9000",
"fileType": "text",
"path": "/user/hive/warehouse/datax.db/students",
"fileName": "student",
"column": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "bigint"
},
{
"name": "name",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "age",
"type": "INT"
},
{
"name": "gender",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "clazz",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "last_mod",
"type": "string"
}
],
"writeMode": "append",
"fieldDelimiter": ","
}
}
}
],
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel": 5
}
}
}
}
2.4 hbaseTomysql
2.4.1 创建配置文件(同上)
{
"job": {
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "hbase11xreader",
"parameter": {
"hbaseConfig": {
"hbase.zookeeper.quorum": "master:2181"
},
"table": "student",
"encoding": "utf-8",
"mode": "normal",
"column": [
{
"name": "rowkey",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "cf1:name",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "cf1:age",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "cf1:gender",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "cf1:clazz",
"type": "string"
}
],
"range": {
"startRowkey": "",
"endRowkey": "",
"isBinaryRowkey": false
}
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "mysqlwriter",
"parameter": {
"writeMode": "insert",
"username": "root",
"password": "123456",
"column": [
"id",
"name",
"age",
"gender",
"clazz"
],
"preSql": [
"truncate student2"
],
"connection": [
{
"jdbcUrl": "jdbc:mysql://master:3306/student2?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8",
"table": [
"student2"
]
}
]
}
}
}
],
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel": 5
}
}
}
}