1、Spark概述
Spark是一种基于内存的快速、通用、可扩展的大数据分析计算引擎。在绝大多数的数据计算场景中，Spark确实会比MapReduce更有优势。但是Spark是基于内存的，所以在实际的生产环境中，由于内存的限制，可能会由于内存资源不够导致Job执行失败，此时，MapReduce其实是一个更好的选择，所以Spark并不能完全替代MR。
Spark Core：
Spark Core中提供了Spark最基础与最核心的功能，Spark其他的功能如：Spark SQL，Spark Streaming，GraphX, MLlib都是在Spark Core的基础上进行扩展的
Spark SQL：
Spark SQL是Spark用来操作结构化数据的组件。通过Spark SQL，用户可以使用SQL或者Apache Hive版本的SQL方言（HQL）来查询数据。
Spark Streaming：
Spark Streaming是Spark平台上针对实时数据进行流式计算的组件，提供了丰富的处理数据流的API。
Spark MLlib：
MLlib是Spark提供的一个机器学习算法库。MLlib不仅提供了模型评估、数据导入等额外的功能，还提供了一些更底层的机器学习原语。
Spark GraphX：
GraphX是Spark面向图计算提供的框架与算法库。
2、Spark快速上手
2.1、Local模式
spark-submit \
--class org.apache.spark.examples.SparkPi \
--master local[2] \
./examples/jars/spark-examples_2.12-3.0.0.jar \
10
1)class表示要执行程序的主类，此处可以更换为咱们自己写的应用程序；
2)master local[2] 部署模式，默认为本地模式，数字表示分配的虚拟CPU核数量（即线程数），local[*]表示最大虚拟核数；
3)spark-examples_2.12-3.0.0.jar 运行的应用类所在的jar包，实际使用时，可以设定为咱们自己打的jar包；
4)数字10表示程序的入口参数，用于设定当前应用的任务数量
注意：①jar包一定要包含class文件，②程序输入文件和jar包的路径是相对spark-submit执行时所在的位置
2.2、Running Spark on YARN
配置Spark on Yarn和Spark历史服务器
[atguigu@hadoop102 conf]$ cat spark-env.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# export JAVA_HOME=/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_212
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
# This file is sourced when running various Spark programs.
# Copy it as spark-env.sh and edit that to configure Spark for your site.
# Options read when launching programs locally with
# ./bin/run-example or ./bin/spark-submit
# - HADOOP_CONF_DIR, to point Spark towards Hadoop configuration files
# - SPARK_LOCAL_IP, to set the IP address Spark binds to on this node
# - SPARK_PUBLIC_DNS, to set the public dns name of the driver program
# Options read by executors and drivers running inside the cluster
# - SPARK_LOCAL_IP, to set the IP address Spark binds to on this node
# - SPARK_PUBLIC_DNS, to set the public DNS name of the driver program
# - SPARK_LOCAL_DIRS, storage directories to use on this node for shuffle and RDD data
# - MESOS_NATIVE_JAVA_LIBRARY, to point to your libmesos.so if you use Mesos
# Options read in YARN client/cluster mode
# - SPARK_CONF_DIR, Alternate conf dir. (Default: ${SPARK_HOME}/conf)
# - HADOOP_CONF_DIR, to point Spark towards Hadoop configuration files
# - YARN_CONF_DIR, to point Spark towards YARN configuration files when you use YARN
# Spark on Yarn时指定Yarn的配置文件
YARN_CONF_DIR=/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/etc/hadoop
# - SPARK_EXECUTOR_CORES, Number of cores for the executors (Default: 1).
# - SPARK_EXECUTOR_MEMORY, Memory per Executor (e.g. 1000M, 2G) (Default: 1G)
# - SPARK_DRIVER_MEMORY, Memory for Driver (e.g. 1000M, 2G) (Default: 1G)
# Options for the daemons used in the standalone deploy mode
# - SPARK_MASTER_HOST, to bind the master to a different IP address or hostname
# - SPARK_MASTER_PORT / SPARK_MASTER_WEBUI_PORT, to use non-default ports for the master
# - SPARK_MASTER_OPTS, to set config properties only for the master (e.g. "-Dx=y")
# - SPARK_WORKER_CORES, to set the number of cores to use on this machine
# - SPARK_WORKER_MEMORY, to set how much total memory workers have to give executors (e.g. 1000m, 2g)
# - SPARK_WORKER_PORT / SPARK_WORKER_WEBUI_PORT, to use non-default ports for the worker
# - SPARK_WORKER_DIR, to set the working directory of worker processes
# - SPARK_WORKER_OPTS, to set config properties only for the worker (e.g. "-Dx=y")
# - SPARK_DAEMON_MEMORY, to allocate to the master, worker and history server themselves (default: 1g).
# - SPARK_HISTORY_OPTS, to set config properties only for the history server (e.g. "-Dx=y")
export SPARK_HISTORY_OPTS="
-Dspark.history.ui.port=18080
-Dspark.history.fs.logDirectory=hdfs://hadoop102:9820/directory
-Dspark.history.retainedApplications=30"
# - SPARK_SHUFFLE_OPTS, to set config properties only for the external shuffle service (e.g. "-Dx=y")
# - SPARK_DAEMON_JAVA_OPTS, to set config properties for all daemons (e.g. "-Dx=y")
# - SPARK_DAEMON_CLASSPATH, to set the classpath for all daemons
# - SPARK_PUBLIC_DNS, to set the public dns name of the master or workers
# Options for launcher
# - SPARK_LAUNCHER_OPTS, to set config properties and Java options for the launcher (e.g. "-Dx=y")
# Generic options for the daemons used in the standalone deploy mode
# - SPARK_CONF_DIR Alternate conf dir. (Default: ${SPARK_HOME}/conf)
# - SPARK_LOG_DIR Where log files are stored. (Default: ${SPARK_HOME}/logs)
# - SPARK_PID_DIR Where the pid file is stored. (Default: /tmp)
# - SPARK_IDENT_STRING A string representing this instance of spark. (Default: $USER)
# - SPARK_NICENESS The scheduling priority for daemons. (Default: 0)
# - SPARK_NO_DAEMONIZE Run the proposed command in the foreground. It will not output a PID file.
# Options for native BLAS, like Intel MKL, OpenBLAS, and so on.
# You might get better performance to enable these options if using native BLAS (see SPARK-21305).
# - MKL_NUM_THREADS=1 Disable multi-threading of Intel MKL
# - OPENBLAS_NUM_THREADS=1 Disable multi-threading of OpenBLAS
[atguigu@hadoop102 conf]$ cat spark-defaults.conf
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
# Default system properties included when running spark-submit.
# This is useful for setting default environmental settings.
# Example:
# spark.master spark://master:7077
spark.eventLog.enabled true
spark.eventLog.dir hdfs://hadoop102:9820/directory
# spark.serializer org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer
# spark.driver.memory 5g
# spark.executor.extraJavaOptions -XX:+PrintGCDetails -Dkey=value -Dnumbers="one two three"
# 历史服务器的主机地址为主节点的主机名hadoop102
spark.yarn.historyServer.address=hadoop102:18080
spark.history.ui.port=18080
[atguigu@hadoop102 conf]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
[atguigu@hadoop102 conf]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /directory
集群模式和客户端模式提交应用举例
bin/spark-submit \
--class org.apache.spark.examples.SparkPi \
--master yarn \
--deploy-mode cluster \
./examples/jars/spark-examples_2.12-3.0.0.jar \
10
bin/spark-submit \
--class org.apache.spark.examples.SparkPi \
--master yarn \
--deploy-mode client \
./examples/jars/spark-examples_2.12-3.0.0.jar \
10
