[大数据]Spark中的DataFrame和DataSet

在SparkSql中要求被操作的数据必须是结构化的,所以引入了俩种数据类型,DataFrame和DataSet。DataFrame是spark1.3之后引入的分布式集合,DataSet是spark1.6之后引入的分布式集合。在spark2.0之后,DataFrame和DataSet的API统一了,DataFrame是DataSet的子集,DataSet是DataFrame的扩展。

(type DataFrame = org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset[org.apache.spark.sql.Row])

DataFrame

1、DataFrame的创建

方式1、Case class 然后通过RDD.toDF方法获取Dataframe

    val subject_formula_rdd: RDD[String] = sc.textFile("D:\\TextFile\\subject_formula.txt")
    val Subject_rdd: RDD[Subject] = subject_formula_rdd.map(x => {
      val strings = x.split(",")
      Subject(strings(0), strings(1), strings(2))
    })
    val dataFrame: DataFrame = Subject_rdd.toDF()

方式2、自定义schema 然后调用sqlContext的createDataFrame方法，生成Dataframe

     val subject_row: RDD[Row] = subject_formula_rdd.map(x => {
      val strings = x.split(",")
      //Row是一个特殊的类型
      Row(strings(0), strings(1), strings(2))
    })

    //自定义schema
    val schema = StructType{
      List(
        StructField("String", StringType),
        StructField("SubjectName", StringType),
        StructField("subjectFormula", StringType),
      )
    }

    //把数据封装成RDD[Row] + 自定义的schema信息
    val dataFrame1 = sqlContext.createDataFrame(subject_row,schema)
    val result = dataFrame1.select("String","SubjectName","subjectFormula")
    result.show()

方式3、parkContext、SparkSession直接读取带格式的文件

val frame: DataFrame = sqlContext.read.json("D:\\TextFile\\subject_formula.json")

2、DataFrame的使用

object SqlDemo {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val session: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().appName("DataframeDemo").master("local[*]").getOrCreate()
    //导入隐式转换
    import session.implicits._

    //可以从该对象中获取到sparkContext  或者 sqlContext
    val sc: SparkContext = session.sparkContext
    val sqlContext:SQLContext = session.sqlContext

    //创建Dataframe
    val subject_formula_rdd: RDD[String] = sc.textFile("D:\\TextFile\\subject_formula.txt")
    val Subject_rdd: RDD[Subject] = subject_formula_rdd.map(x => {
      val strings = x.split(",")
      Subject(strings(0), strings(1), strings(2))
    })
    val dataFrame: DataFrame = Subject_rdd.toDF()
    //两种语法风格
    //sql语法
    //先把dataFrame注册为一张临时表
    dataFrame.registerTempTable("emp")
    //再写sql操作
    val result1 = sqlContext.sql("select SubjectCode from emp order by SubjectCode")
    //默认展示20行
    result1.show(100)

    //DSL语法  调用方法
    //排序 默认升序
    dataFrame.orderBy("SubjectCode").select("SubjectCode").show()
    sc.stop()

  }

}

case class Subject(SubjectCode: String,SubjectName:String,subjectFormula: String)

Dataset

与DataFrame 的不同：Dataset 默认自带schema信息。

如果是Dataset[String]类型，默认的schema信息，列名是value,类型是String。如果是Dataset[(String,Int)]类型，默认的schema信息，列名是_1,_2,也就是获取元组值的名称。类型是由元组的数据类型决定的。

1、dataset的创建

     //方式1 直接读取
    val subject_Dataset: Dataset[Subject] = session.read.textFile("D:\\TextFile\\subject_formula.txt").map(x=>{
      val strings = x.split(",")
      Subject(strings(0),strings(1),strings(2))
    })

    //方式2 通过Session.createDataset()
    val subject_formula_rdd: RDD[String] = sc.textFile("D:\\TextFile\\subject_formula.txt")
    val Subject_rdd: RDD[Subject] = subject_formula_rdd.map(x => {
      val strings = x.split(",")
      Subject(strings(0), strings(1), strings(2))
    })
    val subject_Dataset2: Dataset[Subject] = session.createDataset[Subject](Subject_rdd)

2、dataset的使用

object SqlDemo2 {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val session: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().appName("DataframeDemo").master("local[*]").getOrCreate()
    //导入隐式转换
    import session.implicits._

    //可以从该对象中获取到sparkContext  或者 sqlContext
    val sc: SparkContext = session.sparkContext
    val sqlContext:SQLContext = session.sqlContext

    val subject_Dataset: Dataset[Subject] = session.read.textFile("D:\\TextFile\\subject_formula.txt").map(x=>{
      val strings = x.split(",")
      Subject(strings(0),strings(1),strings(2))
    })
    //会有默认的schema:StructType(StructField(_1,StringType,true), StructField(_2,StringType,true), StructField(_3,StringType,true))
    println(subject_Dataset.schema)

    subject_Dataset.createTempView("v_subject")
    val result = session.sql("select * from v_subject where length(subjectFormula)>20")
    result.show()

    //释放资源
    session.stop()
  }
}

case class Subject(SubjectCode: String,SubjectName:String,subjectFormula: String)

DataFrame、DataSet、RDD的相互转化

    val session: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().appName("DataframeDemo").master("local[*]").getOrCreate()
    //导入隐式转换
    import session.implicits._

    //可以从该对象中获取到sparkContext  或者 sqlContext
    val sc: SparkContext = session.sparkContext
    val sqlContext:SQLContext = session.sqlContext

    val subject_rdd: RDD[Subject] = sc.textFile("D:\\TextFile\\subject_formula.txt").map(x => {
      val strings = x.split(",")
      Subject(strings(0), strings(1), strings(2))
    })

    // RDD -> DataFrame
    val dataFrame: DataFrame = subject_rdd.toDF()

    // RDD -> Dataset
    val dataSet1: Dataset[Subject] = subject_rdd.toDS()

    //DataFrame -> Dataset
    val dataSet2: Dataset[Subject] = dataFrame.as[Subject]

    //Dataset -> DataFrame
    val dataFrame2: DataFrame = dataSet1.toDF()

    //DataFrame -> RDD
    val rdd1: RDD[Row] = dataFrame2.rdd

    //Dataset -> RDD
    val rdd2: RDD[Subject] = dataSet2.rdd

注意：

相比于DataFrame ，DataSet由于有泛型，操作更方便，但是由于Python不支持泛型，因此仍保留了DataFrame。即Python只能用DataFrame，而Scala和Java建议使用DataSet。.

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