19c单实例配置GoldenGate 并进行用户数据同步测试
当前数据使用的是经典模式配置GoldenGate 进行数据同步，关于容器数据库配置GoldenGate 请参阅：
Configuring Oracle GoldenGate in a Multitenant Container Database (Doc ID 2031069.1)
19c安装Goldengate请参阅我的另一篇文章：Oracle19c安装goldengate
一、数据库操作
1、开启数据库附加日志
开启的最小附加日志和强制日志
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;
SQL> alter database force logging;
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
2、开启数据库归档模式
RAC所有节点
SQL> shutdown immediate
实例1：
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> archive log list;
SQL> alter database open;
实例2 ：
直接执行
SQL> startup
如果需要修改归档日志路径：
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1= 'location=<归档路径>' sid='*';
3、开启goldengate同步
SQL> show parameter gol
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
enable_goldengate_replication boolean FALSE
SQL> alter system set ENABLE_GOLDENGATE_REPLICATION=true;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter gol
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
enable_goldengate_replication boolean TRUE
4、创建goldengate管理用户
--1、create tablespace
create tablespace gguser_dat datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/gguser_dat_01.dbf' size 100m autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited;
--2、create the user
create user gguser IDENTIFIED BY gguser123
default tablespace gguser_dat
temporary tablespace TEMP
profile DEFAULT;
--3、Grant role privileges
grant connect to GGUSER;
grant resource to GGUSER;
--4、Grant system privileges
grant alter any index to GGUSER;
grant alter any table to GGUSER;
grant alter session to GGUSER;
grant alter system to GGUSER;
grant create any directory to GGUSER;
grant create any index to GGUSER;
grant create any table to GGUSER;
grant create session to GGUSER;
grant delete any table to GGUSER;
grant drop any directory to GGUSER;
grant drop any index to GGUSER;
grant drop any table to GGUSER;
grant flashback any table to GGUSER;
grant insert any table to GGUSER;
grant select any dictionary to GGUSER;
grant select any table to GGUSER;
grant select any transaction to GGUSER;
grant unlimited tablespace to GGUSER;
grant update any table to GGUSER;
5、集成捕获所需权限授权
授予gguser用户集成捕获所需的权限
SQL> exec dbms_goldengate_auth.grant_admin_privilege('GGUSER',container=>'ALL');
请参阅：Integrated Capture Process Cannot Start with OGG-02061 at Multitenant Configuration (Doc ID 2748951.1)
6、创建测试用户及测试表
--1、创建测试用户表空间（SHUAIGE_DAT）
create tablespace shuaige_dat datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/shuaige_dat_01.dbf' size 100M autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited;
--2、创建测试用户（SHUAIGE），密码（shuaige123）
create user SHUAIGE IDENTIFIED BY shuaige123
default tablespace shuaige_dat
temporary tablespace TEMP
quota unlimited ON shuaige_dat
profile DEFAULT;
--3、授予用户（SHUAIGE）用户数据库角色
grant connect to SHUAIGE;
grant resource to SHUAIGE;
--4、创建测试表
--测试表（T1）
CREATE TABLE SHUAIGE.T1 (
ID number(10),
NAME varchar2(30))
tablespace shuaige_dat;
--测试表（T2）
CREATE TABLE SHUAIGE.T2 (
ID number(10),
NAME varchar2(30))
tablespace shuaige_dat;
--5、给测试表创建主键约束
--创建表主键(T1)，主键名（T1_PK），主键列（ID）
alter table SHUAIGE.T1 add constraint T1_PK primary key(id)
using index
tablespace shuaige_dat;
--创建表主键(T2)，主键名（T2_PK），主键列（ID）
alter table SHUAIGE.T2 add constraint T2_PK primary key(id)
using index
tablespace shuaige_dat;
测试目标即(SHUAIGE.T1)表数据使用Goldengate同步到(SHUAIGE.T2)表
二、配置GOLDENGATE
1、配置MGR
GGSCI > edit params mgr
添加以下内容：
PORT 7809
DYNAMICPORTLIST 7810-7899
USERID gguser, PASSWORD AACAAAAAAAAAAAJAACQGHDZHDDGFMEACUCUEPFYGGJBFJGIH BLOWFISH, ENCRYPTKEY DEFAULT
AUTORESTART ER *, RETRIES 5, WAITMINUTES 1, RESETMINUTES 10
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS ./dirdat/*, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 1
LAGINFOMINUTES 10
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 60
使用goldengate默认生成的key的加密方法：encrypt password <要进行加密的密码>,ENCRYPTKEY default Using default key
示例：（用户：gguser，密码：gguser123），对该密码进行加密
GGSCI 27> encrypt password gguser123,ENCRYPTKEY default Using default key Using Blowfish encryption with DEFAULT key. Encrypted password: AACAAAAAAAAAAAJAACQGHDZHDDGFMEACUCUEPFYGGJBFJGIH Algorithm used: BLOWFISH为了安全起见最好在goldengate配置文件中使用加密密码进行配置，当然明文密码也是可用的
2、重启MGR
GGSCI > stop mgr
Manager process is required by other GGS processes.
Are you sure you want to stop it (y/n)?y
Sending STOP request to MANAGER ...
Request processed.
Manager stopped.
GGSCI > start mgr
Manager started.
3、配置GLOBALS
GGSCI > edit params ./GLOBALS
添加以下内容：
CHECKPOINTTABLE gguser.checkpoint
OUTPUTFILEUMASK 027
4、创建checkpoint表
GGSCI > DBLOGIN USERID gguser, PASSWORD AACAAAAAAAAAAAJAACQGHDZHDDGFMEACUCUEPFYGGJBFJGIH BLOWFISH, ENCRYPTKEY DEFAULT
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI > ADD CHECKPOINTTABLE gguser.checkpoint
Successfully created checkpoint table gguser.checkpoint.
或使用明文密码登录数据库：dblogin userid , password ，示例如下：
GGSCI > dblogin userid gguser, password gguser123 Successfully logged into database.
5、添加表级别的附加日志
ggsci命令行中登录数据库
GGSCI > DBLOGIN USERID gguser, PASSWORD AACAAAAAAAAAAAJAACQGHDZHDDGFMEACUCUEPFYGGJBFJGIH BLOWFISH, ENCRYPTKEY DEFAULT
Successfully logged into database.
-
若数据全部同步没有条件、没有主键表、添加表级别附加日志 GGSCI > add trandata 用户名.表名 -
若数据同步有条件过滤并且表有主键，添加表级别附加日志 GGSCI > add trandata 用户名.表名,clos(列名)
info trandata 用户.表名查询trandata是否添加成功（enable），未添加trandata为（disable）状态
按用户生成添加、查询、删除表级别附加日志sql，示例：
#在数据库中执行：
select 'add trandata '||owner||'.'||table_name from dba_tables where owner = 'SHUAIGE';
select 'info trandata '||owner||'.'||table_name from dba_tables where owner = 'SHUAIGE';
select 'delete trandata '||owner||'.'||table_name from dba_tables where owner = 'SHUAIGE';
#在GGSCI中执行：
add trandata SHUAIGE.T1
add trandata SHUAIGE.T2
info trandata SHUAIGE.T1
info trandata SHUAIGE.T2
添加成功输出如下：
GGSCI > add trandata SHUAIGE.T1
2022-05-10 10:41:10 INFO OGG-15132 Logging of supplemental redo data enabled for table SHUAIGE.T1.
2022-05-10 10:41:10 INFO OGG-15133 TRANDATA for scheduling columns has been added on table SHUAIGE.T1.
2022-05-10 10:41:10 INFO OGG-15135 TRANDATA for instantiation CSN has been added on table SHUAIGE.T1.
2022-05-10 10:41:11 INFO OGG-10471 ***** Oracle Goldengate support information on table SHUAIGE.T1 *****
Oracle Goldengate support native capture on table SHUAIGE.T1.
Oracle Goldengate marked following column as key columns on table SHUAIGE.T1: ID.
GGSCI > add trandata SHUAIGE.T2
2022-05-10 10:41:11 INFO OGG-15132 Logging of supplemental redo data enabled for table SHUAIGE.T2.
2022-05-10 10:41:11 INFO OGG-15133 TRANDATA for scheduling columns has been added on table SHUAIGE.T2.
2022-05-10 10:41:11 INFO OGG-15135 TRANDATA for instantiation CSN has been added on table SHUAIGE.T2.
2022-05-10 10:41:11 INFO OGG-10471 ***** Oracle Goldengate support information on table SHUAIGE.T2 *****
Oracle Goldengate support native capture on table SHUAIGE.T2.
Oracle Goldengate marked following column as key columns on table SHUAIGE.T2: ID.
校验trandata输出如下：
GGSCI > info trandata SHUAIGE.T1
2022-05-10 10:43:26 INFO OGG-10471 ***** Oracle Goldengate support information on table SHUAIGE.T1 *****
Oracle Goldengate support native capture on table SHUAIGE.T1.
Oracle Goldengate marked following column as key columns on table SHUAIGE.T1: ID.
Logging of supplemental redo log data is enabled for table SHUAIGE.T1.
Columns supplementally logged for table SHUAIGE.T1: "ID".
Prepared CSN for table SHUAIGE.T1: 2175964
GGSCI > info trandata SHUAIGE.T2
2022-05-10 10:43:33 INFO OGG-10471 ***** Oracle Goldengate support information on table SHUAIGE.T2 *****
Oracle Goldengate support native capture on table SHUAIGE.T2.
Oracle Goldengate marked following column as key columns on table SHUAIGE.T2: ID.
Logging of supplemental redo log data is enabled for table SHUAIGE.T2.
Columns supplementally logged for table SHUAIGE.T2: "ID".
Prepared CSN for table SHUAIGE.T2: 2176044
GGSCI (ocp19c as gguser@orcl) 14>
6、查询数据库字符集
当前数据库session的环境字符集：
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
7、添加抽取进程
GGSCI > add extract ef_test1,TRANLOG,BEGIN NOW
GGSCI > add exttrail ./dirdat/cs,extract ef_test1
GGSCI > edit params ef_test1
（./dirdat/cs）表示extract进程生成exttrail文件的位置和文件名开头为cs，示例文件：
-rw-r----- 1 ggate ggate 1823 May 10 11:24 cs000000000goldengate所有的进程(extract、replicat)的名字都不能超过八个字符，在添加进程和设置配置文件的时候最好起一些有含义的名字
这个示例（ef_test1）ef代表捕获进程也叫抽取进程，test1就代表第一个测试
添加以下内容：
EXTRACT ef_test1
SETENV (ORACLE_SID="orcl")
SETENV(NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8")
USERID gguser, PASSWORD AACAAAAAAAAAAAJAACQGHDZHDDGFMEACUCUEPFYGGJBFJGIH BLOWFISH, ENCRYPTKEY DEFAULT
NUMFILES 3000
EOFDELAYCSECS 10
EXTTRAIL ./dirdat/cs
TRANLOGOPTIONS LOGRETENTION DISABLED
TRANLOGOPTIONS DBLOGREADER
TRANLOGOPTIONS DBLOGREADERBUFSIZE 1048576
TRANLOGOPTIONS _NOREADAHEAD ANY
WARNLONGTRANS 4H, CHECKINTERVAL 300
GETTRUNCATES
GETUPDATEBEFORES
NOCOMPRESSDELETES
CACHEMGR, CACHESIZE 128MB
-- TABLES
TABLE shuaige.t1;
注意：进程中所有的参数都可以按照实际的生产或测试需求添加，以上参数是我比较常用的
我发现在19c 配置goldengate与11g配置goldengate不同的地方和个别参数限制，如下：
- 不能在添加抽取进程时指定线程（thread）参数（单实例）
- value “3 M” is out of legal range (300 s - 20000000 s) for [checkinterval].
- CACHESIZE. Range values between: min 128 - max 2097152 MB.
在GGSCI命令行输入help查询更多帮助信息
8、添加复制进程
GGSCI > add replicat rf_test1,exttrail ./dirdat/cs, checkpointtable gguser.checkpoint
GGSCI > edit params rf_test1
这里的（./dirdat/cs）表示要指定replicat进程读取的exttrail文件
在（3、配置GLOBALS）中已经配置了全局GLOBALS，添加复制进程时会自动添加到gguser.checkpoint，若添加时手动指定checkpoint表，则以手动指定的为准
添加以下内容：
REPLICAT rf_test1
SETENV(NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8")
USERID gguser, PASSWORD AACAAAAAAAAAAAJAACQGHDZHDDGFMEACUCUEPFYGGJBFJGIH BLOWFISH, ENCRYPTKEY DEFAULT
SQLEXEC "ALTER SESSION SET COMMIT_LOGGING=IMMEDIATE"
SQLEXEC "ALTER SESSION SET COMMIT_WAIT=NOWAIT"
NUMFILES 3000
EOFDELAYCSECS 10
DISCARDFILE ./dirdsc/rf_test1.dsc, APPEND, MEGABYTES 512
DISCARDROLLOVER AT 00:00
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
ALLOWNOOPUPDATES
GETTRUNCATES
GETUPDATEBEFORES
--TABLES
MAP shuaige.t1, TARGET shuaige.t2;
注意：进程中所有的参数都可以按照实际的生产或测试需求添加，以上参数是我比较常用的
这个示例（rf_test1）rf代表复制进程也叫应用进程，所有rf_test1就代表第一个测试的复制进程
使用ggate用户手动创建dirdsc目录，因为我在这个复制进程中配置了DISCARDFILE参数，会在指定目录下生成.dsc文件
mkdir -p /ggate/dirdsc
9、启动抽取进程与复制进程
GGSCI > start ef_test1
GGSCI > start rf_test1
查看进程状态
GGSCI > info all
Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
EXTRACT RUNNING EF_TEST1 00:00:00 00:00:06
REPLICAT RUNNING RF_TEST1 00:00:00 00:00:07
三、进行数据同步测试：
1、数据插入测试
（1）向SHUAIGE.T1表中插入一条数据
SYS@orcl> insert into shuaige.T1 values(1,'李清照');
1 row created.
SYS@orcl> commit;
Commit complete.
（2）检查进程同步状态
GGSCI > stats ef_test1,total
Sending STATS request to EXTRACT EF_TEST1 ...
Start of Statistics at 2022-05-10 11:25:49.
Output to ./dirdat/cs:
Extracting from SHUAIGE.T1 to SHUAIGE.T1:
*** Total statistics since 2022-05-10 11:24:10 ***
Total inserts 1.00
Total updates 0.00
Total deletes 0.00
Total upserts 0.00
Total discards 0.00
Total operations 1.00
End of Statistics.
GGSCI > stats rf_test1,total
Sending STATS request to REPLICAT RF_TEST1 ...
Start of Statistics at 2022-05-10 11:26:41.
Replicating from SHUAIGE.T1 to SHUAIGE.T2:
*** Total statistics since 2022-05-10 11:24:11 ***
Total inserts 1.00
Total updates 0.00
Total deletes 0.00
Total upserts 0.00
Total discards 0.00
Total operations 1.00
End of Statistics.
可以看到插入的数据已经成功的捕获和应用了
常用检查进程状态命令stats，EXTRACT与REPLICAT进程都适用
GGSCI > stats EXTRACT,total --查看当前进程所有的操作状态
GGSCI > stats EXTRACT,hourly --查看当前小时整点到当前时间所有的操作状态
GGSCI > stats EXTRACT,daily --查看今日凌晨0点到当前时间所有的操作状态
详情查看（help stats EXTRACT）（help stats REPLICAT）：
（3）验证数据是否同步
SYS@orcl> select * from shuaige.t1;
ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
1 李清照
SYS@orcl> select * from shuaige.t2;
ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
1 李清照
2、数据更新测试
（1）在SHUAIGE.T1表中更新一条数据
SYS@orcl> update shuaige.t1 set name='辛弃疾' where id = '1';
1 row updated.
SYS@orcl> commit;
Commit complete.
（2）检查进程同步状态
GGSCI (ocp19c) 17> stats ef_test1,total
Sending STATS request to EXTRACT EF_TEST1 ...
Start of Statistics at 2022-05-10 15:49:43.
Output to ./dirdat/cs:
Extracting from SHUAIGE.T1 to SHUAIGE.T1:
*** Total statistics since 2022-05-10 11:24:10 ***
Total inserts 1.00
Total updates 1.00
Total befores 1.00
Total deletes 0.00
Total upserts 0.00
Total discards 0.00
Total operations 2.00
End of Statistics.
GGSCI (ocp19c) 18> stats rf_test1,total
Sending STATS request to REPLICAT RF_TEST1 ...
Start of Statistics at 2022-05-10 15:50:07.
Replicating from SHUAIGE.T1 to SHUAIGE.T2:
*** Total statistics since 2022-05-10 11:24:11 ***
Total inserts 1.00
Total updates 1.00
Total befores 1.00
Total deletes 0.00
Total upserts 0.00
Total discards 0.00
Total operations 2.00
End of Statistics.
可以看到更新的数据已经成功的捕获和应用了
（3）验证数据是否同步
SYS@orcl> select * from shuaige.t1;
ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
1 辛弃疾
SYS@orcl> select * from shuaige.t2;
ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------
1 辛弃疾
3、数据删除测试
（1）在SHUAIGE.T1表中删除一条数据
SYS@orcl> delete from shuaige.t1 where id = 1;
1 row deleted.
SYS@orcl> commit;
Commit complete.
（2）检查进程同步状态
GGSCI (ocp19c) 19> stats ef_test1,total
Sending STATS request to EXTRACT EF_TEST1 ...
Start of Statistics at 2022-05-10 15:52:48.
Output to ./dirdat/cs:
Extracting from SHUAIGE.T1 to SHUAIGE.T1:
*** Total statistics since 2022-05-10 11:24:10 ***
Total inserts 1.00
Total updates 1.00
Total befores 1.00
Total deletes 1.00
Total upserts 0.00
Total discards 0.00
Total operations 3.00
End of Statistics.
GGSCI (ocp19c) 20> stats rf_test1,total
Sending STATS request to REPLICAT RF_TEST1 ...
Start of Statistics at 2022-05-10 15:52:56.
Replicating from SHUAIGE.T1 to SHUAIGE.T2:
*** Total statistics since 2022-05-10 11:24:11 ***
Total inserts 1.00
Total updates 1.00
Total befores 1.00
Total deletes 1.00
Total upserts 0.00
Total discards 0.00
Total operations 3.00
End of Statistics.
可以看到删除的数据已经成功的捕获和应用了
（3）验证数据是否同步
SYS@orcl> select * from shuaige.t1;
no rows selected
SYS@orcl> select * from shuaige.t2;
no rows selected
至此结束，后续还会进行GoldenGate集成模式和19c容器数据库模式测试，有什么问题欢迎留言。
