* <p>
* The renderer is responsible for making OpenGL calls to render a frame.
* <p>
* GLSurfaceView clients typically create their own classes that implement
* this interface, and then call {@link GLSurfaceView#setRenderer} to
* register the renderer with the GLSurfaceView.
* <p>
*
* <div class="special reference">
* <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
* <p>For more information about how to use OpenGL, read the
* <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/graphics/opengl.html">OpenGL</a> developer guide.</p>
* </div>
*
* <h3>Threading</h3>
* The renderer will be called on a separate thread, so that rendering
* performance is decoupled from the UI thread. Clients typically need to
* communicate with the renderer from the UI thread, because that's where
* input events are received. Clients can communicate using any of the
* standard Java techniques for cross-thread communication, or they can
* use the {@link GLSurfaceView#queueEvent(Runnable)} convenience method.
* <p>
* <h3>EGL Context Lost</h3>
* There are situations where the EGL rendering context will be lost. This
* typically happens when device wakes up after going to sleep. When
* the EGL context is lost, all OpenGL resources (such as textures) that are
* associated with that context will be automatically deleted. In order to
* keep rendering correctly, a renderer must recreate any lost resources
* that it still needs. The {@link #onSurfaceCreated(GL10, EGLConfig)} method
* is a convenient place to do this.
*
*
* @see #setRenderer(Renderer)
*/
public interface Renderer {
/**
* Called when the surface is created or recreated.
* <p>
* Called when the rendering thread
* starts and whenever the EGL context is lost. The EGL context will typically
* be lost when the Android device awakes after going to sleep.
* <p>
* Since this method is called at the beginning of rendering, as well as
* every time the EGL context is lost, this method is a convenient place to put
* code to create resources that need to be created when the rendering
* starts, and that need to be recreated when the EGL context is lost.
* Textures are an example of a resource that you might want to create
* here.
* <p>
* Note that when the EGL context is lost, all OpenGL resources associated
* with that context will be automatically deleted. You do not need to call
* the corresponding "glDelete" methods such as glDeleteTextures to
* manually delete these lost resources.
* <p>
* @param gl the GL interface. Use <code>instanceof</code> to
* test if the interface supports GL11 or higher interfaces.
* @param config the EGLConfig of the created surface. Can be used
* to create matching pbuffers.
*/
void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config);
/**
* Called when the surface changed size.
* <p>
* Called after the surface is created and whenever
* the OpenGL ES surface size changes.
* <p>
* Typically you will set your viewport here. If your camera
* is fixed then you could also set your projection matrix here:
* <pre class="prettyprint">
* void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
* gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
* // for a fixed camera, set the projection too
* float ratio = (float) width / height;
* gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION);
* gl.glLoadIdentity();
* gl.glFrustumf(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 1, 10);
* }
* </pre>
* @param gl the GL interface. Use <code>instanceof</code> to
* test if the interface supports GL11 or higher interfaces.
* @param width
* @param height
*/
void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height);
/**
* Called to draw the current frame.
* <p>
* This method is responsible for drawing the current frame.
* <p>
* The implementation of this method typically looks like this:
* <pre class="prettyprint">
* void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
* gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
* //... other gl calls to render the scene ...
* }
* </pre>
* @param gl the GL interface. Use <code>instanceof</code> to
* test if the interface supports GL11 or higher interfaces.
*/
void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl);
}
* `void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config)`
在Surface创建或重建的情况下回调
* `void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height)`
在Surface的大小发生变化的情况下回调
* `void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl)`
在这里实现绘制操作。当我们设置的`renderMode`为`RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY`时，该函数将不断地执行；
当我们设置的`renderMode`为`RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY`时，将只在创建完成和调用`requestRender`后才执行。一般我们选择`RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY`渲染模式，避免过度绘制。
一般情况下，我们会自己实现一个Renderer，然后为GLSurfaceView设置Renderer，可以说，Renderer的编写是整个流程的核心步骤。以下是在`void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config)`进行的初始化操作和在`void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl)`进行的绘制操作的流程图：
2\. 具体实现
* **坐标系介绍**
如图所示，和Android的View坐标系不同，OpenGL的坐标系是笛卡尔坐标系。
Android View的坐标系以左上角为原点，**向右x递增，向下y递增**；
而OpenGL坐标系以中心为原点，**向右x递增，向上y递增**。
* **着色器编写**
/**
* 顶点着色器
*/
private static String VERTEX_SHADER =
" attribute vec4 attr_position;\n" +
" attribute vec2 attr_tc;\n" +
" varying vec2 tc;\n" +
" void main() {\n" +
" gl_Position = attr_position;\n" +
" tc = attr_tc;\n" +
" }";
/**
* 片段着色器
*/
private static String FRAG_SHADER =
" varying vec2 tc;\n" +
" uniform sampler2D ySampler;\n" +
" uniform sampler2D uSampler;\n" +
" uniform sampler2D vSampler;\n" +
" const mat3 convertMat = mat3( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -0.001, -0.3441, 1.772, 1.402, -0.7141, -0.58060);\n" +
" void main()\n" +
" {\n" +
" vec3 yuv;\n" +
" yuv.x = texture2D(ySampler, tc).r;\n" +
" yuv.y = texture2D(uSampler, tc).r - 0.5;\n" +
" yuv.z = texture2D(vSampler, tc).r - 0.5;\n" +
" gl_FragColor = vec4(convertMat * yuv, 1.0);\n" +
" }";
* **内建变量解释**
* `gl_Position`
`VERTEX_SHADER`代码里的`gl_Position`代表绘制的空间坐标。由于我们是二维绘制，所以直接传入OpenGL二维坐标系的左下(-1,-1)、右下(1,-1)、左上(-1,1)、右上(1,1)，也就是{-1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,1,1}
* `gl_FragColor`
`FRAG_SHADER`代码里的`gl_FragColor`代表单个片元的颜色
* **其他变量解释**
* `ySampler`、`uSampler`、`vSampler`
分别代表Y、U、V纹理采样器
* `convertMat`
根据以下公式：
```
R = Y + 1.402 (V - 128)
G = Y - 0.34414 (U - 128) - 0.71414 (V - 128)
B = Y + 1.772 (U - 128)
```
我们可得到一个YUV转RGB的矩阵
```
1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
0, -0.344, 1.77,
1.403, -0.714, 0
```
* **部分类型、函数的解释**
* `vec3、vec4`
分别代表三维向量、四维向量。
* `vec4 texture2D(sampler2D sampler, vec2 coord)`
以指定的矩阵将采样器的图像纹理转换为颜色值；如：
`texture2D(ySampler, tc).r`获取到的是Y数据，
`texture2D(uSampler, tc).r`获取到的是U数据，
`texture2D(vSampler, tc).r`获取到的是V数据。
* **在Java代码中进行初始化**
根据图像宽高创建Y、U、V对应的`ByteBuffer`纹理数据；
根据是否镜像显示、旋转角度选择对应的转换矩阵；
```
public void init(boolean isMirror, int rotateDegree, int frameWidth, int frameHeight) {
if (this.frameWidth == frameWidth
&& this.frameHeight == frameHeight
&& this.rotateDegree == rotateDegree
&& this.isMirror == isMirror) {
return;
}
dataInput = false;
this.frameWidth = frameWidth;
this.frameHeight = frameHeight;
this.rotateDegree = rotateDegree;
this.isMirror = isMirror;
yArray = new byte[this.frameWidth * this.frameHeight];
uArray = new byte[this.frameWidth * this.frameHeight / 4];
vArray = new byte[this.frameWidth * this.frameHeight / 4];
int yFrameSize = this.frameHeight * this.frameWidth;
int uvFrameSize = yFrameSize >> 2;
yBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(yFrameSize);
yBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).position(0);
uBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(uvFrameSize);
uBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).position(0);
vBuf = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(uvFrameSize);
vBuf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).position(0);
// 顶点坐标
squareVertices = ByteBuffer
.allocateDirect(GLUtil.SQUARE_VERTICES.length * FLOAT_SIZE_BYTES)
.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder())
.asFloatBuffer();
squareVertices.put(GLUtil.SQUARE_VERTICES).position(0);
//纹理坐标
if (isMirror) {
switch (rotateDegree) {
case 0:
coordVertice = GLUtil.MIRROR_COORD_VERTICES;
break;
case 90:
coordVertice = GLUtil.ROTATE_90_MIRROR_COORD_VERTICES;
break;
case 180:
coordVertice = GLUtil.ROTATE_180_MIRROR_COORD_VERTICES;
break;
case 270:
coordVertice = GLUtil.ROTATE_270_MIRROR_COORD_VERTICES;
break;
default:
break;
}
} else {
switch (rotateDegree) {
case 0:
coordVertice = GLUtil.COORD_VERTICES;
break;
case 90:
coordVertice = GLUtil.ROTATE_90_COORD_VERTICES;
break;
case 180:
coordVertice = GLUtil.ROTATE_180_COORD_VERTICES;
break;
case 270:
coordVertice = GLUtil.ROTATE_270_COORD_VERTICES;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
coordVertices = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(coordVertice.length * FLOAT_SIZE_BYTES).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asFloatBuffer();
coordVertices.put(coordVertice).position(0);
}
```
在Surface创建完成时进行Renderer初始化
```
private void initRenderer() {
rendererReady = false;
createGLProgram();
//启用纹理
GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
//创建纹理
createTexture(frameWidth, frameHeight, GLES20.GL_LUMINANCE, yTexture);
createTexture(frameWidth / 2, frameHeight / 2, GLES20.GL_LUMINANCE, uTexture);
createTexture(frameWidth / 2, frameHeight / 2, GLES20.GL_LUMINANCE, vTexture);
rendererReady = true;
}
```
其中`createGLProgram`用于创建OpenGL Program并关联着色器代码中的变量
```
private void createGLProgram() {
int programHandleMain = GLUtil.createShaderProgram();
if (programHandleMain != -1) {
// 使用着色器程序
GLES20.glUseProgram(programHandleMain);
// 获取顶点着色器变量
int glPosition = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(programHandleMain, "attr_position");
int textureCoord = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(programHandleMain, "attr_tc");
// 获取片段着色器变量
int ySampler = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(programHandleMain, "ySampler");
int uSampler = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(programHandleMain, "uSampler");
int vSampler = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(programHandleMain, "vSampler");
//给变量赋值
/**
* GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0 和 ySampler 绑定
* GLES20.GL_TEXTURE1 和 uSampler 绑定
* GLES20.GL_TEXTURE2 和 vSampler 绑定
*
* 也就是说 glUniform1i的第二个参数代表图层序号
*/
GLES20.glUniform1i(ySampler, 0);
GLES20.glUniform1i(uSampler, 1);
GLES20.glUniform1i(vSampler, 2);
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(glPosition);
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(textureCoord);
/**
* 设置Vertex Shader数据
*/
squareVertices.position(0);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(glPosition, GLUtil.COUNT_PER_SQUARE_VERTICE, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 8, squareVertices);
coordVertices.position(0);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(textureCoord, GLUtil.COUNT_PER_COORD_VERTICES, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 8, coordVertices);
}
}
```
其中`createTexture`用于根据宽高和格式创建纹理
```
private void createTexture(int width, int height, int format, int[] textureId) {
//创建纹理
GLES20.glGenTextures(1, textureId, 0);
//绑定纹理
GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId[0]);
/**
* {@link GLES20#GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S}代表左右方向的纹理环绕模式
* {@link GLES20#GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T}代表上下方向的纹理环绕模式
*
* {@link GLES20#GL_REPEAT}：重复
* {@link GLES20#GL_MIRRORED_REPEAT}：镜像重复
* {@link GLES20#GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE}：忽略边框截取
*
* 例如我们使用{@link GLES20#GL_REPEAT}：
*
* squareVertices coordVertices
* -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
* 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -> 和textureView预览相同
* -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
* 1.0f, 1.0f 0.0f, 0.0f
*
* squareVertices coordVertices
* -1.0f, -1.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f,
* 1.0f, -1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f, -> 和textureView预览相比，分割成了4 块相同的预览（左下，右下，左上，右上）
* -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f,
* 1.0f, 1.0f 0.0f, 0.0f
*/
GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GLES20.GL_REPEAT);
GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GLES20.GL_REPEAT);
/**
* {@link GLES20#GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER}代表所显示的纹理比加载进来的纹理小时的情况
* {@link GLES20#GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER}代表所显示的纹理比加载进来的纹理大时的情况
*
* {@link GLES20#GL_NEAREST}：使用纹理中坐标最接近的一个像素的颜色作为需要绘制的像素颜色
* {@link GLES20#GL_LINEAR}：使用纹理中坐标最接近的若干个颜色，通过加权平均算法得到需要绘制的像素颜色
*/
GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GLES20.GL_NEAREST);
GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR);
GLES20.glTexImage2D(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, null);
}
```
* **在Java代码中调用绘制**
在数据源获取到时裁剪并传入帧数据
```
@Override
public void onPreview(final byte[] nv21, Camera camera) {
//裁剪指定的图像区域
ImageUtil.cropNV21(nv21, this.squareNV21, previewSize.width, previewSize.height, cropRect);
//刷新GLSurfaceView
roundCameraGLSurfaceView.refreshFrameNV21(this.squareNV21);
}
```
NV21数据裁剪代码
```
/**
* 裁剪NV21数据
*
* @param originNV21 原始的NV21数据
* @param cropNV21 裁剪结果NV21数据，需要预先分配内存
* @param width 原始数据的宽度
* @param height 原始数据的高度
* @param left 原始数据被裁剪的区域的左边界
* @param top 原始数据被裁剪的区域的上边界
* @param right 原始数据被裁剪的区域的右边界
* @param bottom 原始数据被裁剪的区域的下边界
*/
public static void cropNV21(byte[] originNV21, byte[] cropNV21, int width, int height, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
int halfWidth = width / 2;
int cropImageWidth = right - left;
int cropImageHeight = bottom - top;
//原数据Y左上
int originalYLineStart = top * width;
int targetYIndex = 0;
//原数据UV左上
int originalUVLineStart = width * height + top * halfWidth;
//目标数据的UV起始值
int targetUVIndex = cropImageWidth * cropImageHeight;
for (int i = top; i < bottom; i++) {
System.arraycopy(originNV21, originalYLineStart + left, cropNV21, targetYIndex, cropImageWidth);
originalYLineStart += width;
targetYIndex += cropImageWidth;
if ((i & 1) == 0) {
System.arraycopy(originNV21, originalUVLineStart + left, cropNV21, targetUVIndex, cropImageWidth);
originalUVLineStart += width;
targetUVIndex += cropImageWidth;
}
}
}
```
传给GLSurafceView并刷新帧数据
```
/**
* 传入NV21刷新帧
*
* @param data NV21数据
*/
public void refreshFrameNV21(byte[] data) {
if (rendererReady) {
yBuf.clear();
uBuf.clear();
vBuf.clear();
putNV21(data, frameWidth, frameHeight);
dataInput = true;
requestRender();
}
}
```
其中`putNV21`用于将NV21中的Y、U、V数据分别取出
```
/**
* 将NV21数据的Y、U、V分量取出
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