[移动开发]Android基础菜单使用

页面布局资源

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_menu"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:layout_margin="30dp"
        android:text="这是一段文字" />


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_menu"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="60dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_marginTop="80dp"
        android:text="弹出式菜单"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        />


</LinearLayout>

选项菜单（三点菜单）

菜单资源可以通过菜单布局文件实现和使用代码设置
一般推荐使用菜单布局文件实现

布局资源

规范：res目录下新建menu文件夹用于存储菜单布局文件

菜单布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    >

    <item
        android:id="@+id/menu_one"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="选项一"
        app:showAsAction="never"
        />
    <item
        android:id="@+id/menu_two"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="选项二"
        app:showAsAction="never"
        />
    <item
        android:id="@+id/menu_three"
        android:orderInCategory="100"
        android:title="选项三"
        app:showAsAction="never"
        />

</menu>

代码实现

重写onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)方法，在该方法中调用Menu对象来添加菜单或者子菜单。
重写onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)方法响应菜单项的点击事件

    //创建菜单，加载我们之前定义的菜单布局文件
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){
        super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
        //加载资源菜单资源
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.item_menu,menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item){
        switch (item.getItemId()){
            case R.id.menu_one:
                setTitle("菜单一");//设置页面标题名称
                myToast("你选择了菜单一");//封装的Toast
                break;
            case R.id.menu_two:
                setTitle("菜单二");//设置页面标题名称
                myToast("你选择了菜单二");
                break;
            case R.id.menu_three:
                setTitle("菜单三");//设置页面标题名称
                myToast("你选择了菜单三");
                break;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
    
    private void myToast(String str){
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,str,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

效果

上下文菜单（长按菜单）

长按某个组件弹出窗口

代码实现

一、重写onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View view ,ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo)
二、重写onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item)

    public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View view ,ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo){


        menu.setHeaderTitle("上下文菜单");
        //组别 ID  显示顺序（越小越在前） 菜单名
        menu.add(0,200,0,"剪切");
        menu.add(0,201,0,"复制");
        menu.add(0,202,0,"删除");

        SubMenu subMenu = menu.addSubMenu(0,300,0,"分享到");
        subMenu.add(0,203,0,"QQ");
        subMenu.add(0,204,0,"微信");
        subMenu.add(0,205,0,"钉钉");
        super.onCreateContextMenu(menu,view,menuInfo);
    }

    public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item){
        switch (item.getItemId()){
            case 200:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"剪切",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            case 201:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"复制",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            case 202:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"删除",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            case 203:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"QQ",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            case 204:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"微信",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            case 205:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"钉钉",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            default:
                return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
        return true;
    }

三、绑定事件给组件registerForContextMenu(mTvMenu);

    TextView mTvMenu;
    Button mBtMenu;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mTvMenu = findViewById(R.id.tv_menu);
        mBtMenu = findViewById(R.id.bt_menu);
        //绑定
        registerForContextMenu(mTvMenu);

    }

效果

弹出式菜单（弹出式菜单）

单击事件弹出菜单类似于提示框

代码实现

一、封装弹出菜单方法

 public void showPopupMenu(){

        //显示页面 绑定的组件
        PopupMenu popupMenu = new PopupMenu(MainActivity.this,mBtMenu);

        //加载菜单资源
        popupMenu.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.item_menu,popupMenu.getMenu());

        //监听
        popupMenu.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {

                switch (item.getItemId()){
                    case R.id.menu_one:
                        setTitle("菜单一");//设置页面标题名称
                        myToast("你选择了菜单一");
                        break;
                    case R.id.menu_two:
                        setTitle("菜单二");//设置页面标题名称
                        myToast("你选择了菜单二");
                        break;
                    case R.id.menu_three:
                        setTitle("菜单三");//设置页面标题名称
                        myToast("你选择了菜单三");
                        break;
                }

                return true;
            }
        });

		//显示菜单
        popupMenu.show();
    }

二、设置单击事件显示

    TextView mTvMenu;
    Button mBtMenu;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mBtMenu = findViewById(R.id.bt_menu);
		//单机显示菜单
        mBtMenu.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                showPopupMenu();
            }
        });
    }

效果

完整代码

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.ContextMenu;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.SubMenu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.PopupMenu;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    TextView mTvMenu;
    Button mBtMenu;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mTvMenu = findViewById(R.id.tv_menu);
        mBtMenu = findViewById(R.id.bt_menu);
        //绑定
        registerForContextMenu(mTvMenu);


        mBtMenu.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                showPopupMenu();
            }
        });
    }

    //创建菜单，加载我们之前定义的菜单布局文件
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){
        super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
        //加载资源菜单资源
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.item_menu,menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item){
        switch (item.getItemId()){
            case R.id.menu_one:
                setTitle("菜单一");//设置页面标题名称
                myToast("你选择了菜单一");
                break;
            case R.id.menu_two:
                setTitle("菜单二");//设置页面标题名称
                myToast("你选择了菜单二");
                break;
            case R.id.menu_three:
                setTitle("菜单三");//设置页面标题名称
                myToast("你选择了菜单三");
                break;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    private void myToast(String str){
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,str,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }




    public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View view ,ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo){


        menu.setHeaderTitle("上下文菜单");
        //组别 ID  显示顺序（越小越在前） 菜单名
        menu.add(0,200,0,"剪切");
        menu.add(0,201,0,"复制");
        menu.add(0,202,0,"删除");

        SubMenu subMenu = menu.addSubMenu(0,300,0,"分享到");
        subMenu.add(0,203,0,"QQ");
        subMenu.add(0,204,0,"微信");
        subMenu.add(0,205,0,"钉钉");
        super.onCreateContextMenu(menu,view,menuInfo);
    }

    public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item){
        switch (item.getItemId()){
            case 200:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"剪切",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            case 201:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"复制",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            case 202:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"删除",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            case 203:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"QQ",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            case 204:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"微信",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            case 205:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"钉钉",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                break;
            default:
                return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
        }
        return true;
    }


    public void showPopupMenu(){

        //显示页面 绑定的组件
        PopupMenu popupMenu = new PopupMenu(MainActivity.this,mBtMenu);

        //加载菜单资源
        popupMenu.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.item_menu,popupMenu.getMenu());

        //监听
        popupMenu.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {

                switch (item.getItemId()){
                    case R.id.menu_one:
                        setTitle("菜单一");//设置页面标题名称
                        myToast("你选择了菜单一");
                        break;
                    case R.id.menu_two:
                        setTitle("菜单二");//设置页面标题名称
                        myToast("你选择了菜单二");
                        break;
                    case R.id.menu_three:
                        setTitle("菜单三");//设置页面标题名称
                        myToast("你选择了菜单三");
                        break;
                }

                return true;
            }
        });

        popupMenu.show();
    }


}