[移动开发]蓝牙的配置与调用

Android蓝牙音乐：Android蓝牙音乐_li6472的博客-CSDN博客

?解释都在代码里。可以通过复制到IDEL中，然后慢慢分析，很全面，直接用就可以

一? AndroidManifest.xml中添加权限

 <!-- 蓝牙 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <!-- 仅在支持BLE（即蓝牙4.0）的设备上运行 -->
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>
    <!-- 如果Android6.0 蓝牙搜索不到设备，需要补充下面两个权限 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

二 新建一个bean文件夹然后新建类BlueDevice?

public class BlueDevice {
    public String name; // 蓝牙设备的名称
    public String address; // 蓝牙设备的MAC地址
    public int state; // 蓝牙设备的绑定状态

    public BlueDevice(String name, String address, int state) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
        this.state = state;
    }
}

这里定义了三个基本的设置参数

三 新建一个adapter文件夹后新建类BlueListAdapter

展示蓝牙设备列表的适配器

// 展示蓝牙设备列表的适配器
public class BlueListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
    private static final String TAG = "BlueListAdapter";
    private Context mContext;
    private ArrayList<BlueDevice> mBlueList = new ArrayList<BlueDevice>();
    private String[] mStateArray = {"未绑定", "绑定中", "已绑定", "已连接"};
    public static int CONNECTED = 13;

    public BlueListAdapter(Context context, ArrayList<BlueDevice> blue_list) {
        mContext = context;
        mBlueList = blue_list;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mBlueList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return mBlueList.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder holder;
        if (convertView == null) {
            holder = new ViewHolder();
            convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.item_bluetooth, null);
            holder.tv_blue_name = convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_blue_name);
            holder.tv_blue_address = convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_blue_address);
            holder.tv_blue_state = convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_blue_state);
            convertView.setTag(holder);
        } else {
            holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }

        BlueDevice device = mBlueList.get(position);
        holder.tv_blue_name.setText(device.name); // 显示蓝牙设备的名称
        holder.tv_blue_address.setText(device.address); // 显示蓝牙设备的地址
        holder.tv_blue_state.setText(mStateArray[device.state-10]); // 显示蓝牙设备的状态
        return convertView;
    }

    public final class ViewHolder {
        public TextView tv_blue_name;
        public TextView tv_blue_address;
        public TextView tv_blue_state;
    }

}

四 新建一个util类后新建一个BluetoothUtil

里面封装了打开以及关闭蓝牙和获取蓝牙状态的各种方法

public class BluetoothUtil {
    private final static String TAG = "BluetoothUtil";

    // 获取蓝牙的开关状态
    public static boolean getBlueToothStatus(Context context) {
        //getDefaultAdapter静态方法，获取默认的蓝牙适配器BluetoothAdapter
        BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        //enabled启用蓝牙功能
        boolean enabled;
        //getState获取蓝牙开关状态
        switch (bluetoothAdapter.getState()) {
            //STATE_ON已开启
            case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:
            //STATE_TURNING_ON正在开启
            case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:
                enabled = true;
                break;
            case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:
            case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:
            default:
                enabled = false;
                break;
        }
        return enabled;
    }

    // 打开或关闭蓝牙
    public static void setBlueToothStatus(Context context, boolean enabled) {
        BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if (enabled) {
            bluetoothAdapter.enable();
        } else {
            //disable禁用蓝牙
            bluetoothAdapter.disable();
        }
    }

    // 建立蓝牙配对
    public static boolean createBond(BluetoothDevice device) {
        try {
            Method createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond");
            Log.d(TAG, "开始配对");
            Boolean result = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(device);
            Log.d(TAG, "配对结果="+result);
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    // 取消蓝牙配对
    public static boolean removeBond(BluetoothDevice device) {
        try {
            Method createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("removeBond");
            Log.d(TAG, "取消配对");
            Boolean result = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(device);
            Log.d(TAG, "取消结果="+result);
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    // 建立A2DP连接
    public static boolean connectA2dp(BluetoothA2dp a2dp, BluetoothDevice device) {
        try {
            Method setMethod = BluetoothA2dp.class.getMethod("setPriority", BluetoothDevice.class, int.class);
            Boolean setResult = (Boolean) setMethod.invoke(a2dp, device, 100);
            Log.d(TAG, "设置优先级结果="+setResult);
            Method connectMethod = BluetoothA2dp.class.getMethod("connect", BluetoothDevice.class);
            Boolean connectResult = (Boolean) connectMethod.invoke(a2dp, device);
            Log.d(TAG, "A2DP连接结果="+connectResult);
            return connectResult;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    // 取消A2DP连接
    public static boolean disconnectA2dp(BluetoothA2dp a2dp, BluetoothDevice device) {
        try {
            Method method = BluetoothA2dp.class.getMethod("disconnect", BluetoothDevice.class);
            Boolean result = (Boolean) method.invoke(a2dp, device);
            Log.d(TAG, "A2DP取消结果="+result);
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

}

五 最后是主activity

@SuppressLint("SetTextI18n")
public class BluetoothActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements
        OnCheckedChangeListener, OnItemClickListener {
    private static final String TAG = "BluetoothActivity";
    private CheckBox ck_bluetooth;
    private TextView tv_discovery;
    private ListView lv_bluetooth; // 声明一个用于展示蓝牙设备的列表视图对象
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetooth; // 声明一个蓝牙适配器对象
    private BlueListAdapter mListAdapter; // 声明一个蓝牙设备的列表适配器对象
    private ArrayList<BlueDevice> mDeviceList = new ArrayList<BlueDevice>(); // 蓝牙设备队列
    private Handler mHandler = new Handler(); // 声明一个处理器对象
    private int mOpenCode = 1; // 是否允许扫描蓝牙设备的选择对话框返回结果代码

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_bluetooth);
        initBluetooth(); // 初始化蓝牙适配器
        ck_bluetooth = findViewById(R.id.ck_bluetooth);
        tv_discovery = findViewById(R.id.tv_discovery);
        lv_bluetooth = findViewById(R.id.lv_bluetooth);
        ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
        if (BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this)) {
            ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true);
        }
        initBlueDevice(); // 初始化蓝牙设备列表
    }

    // 初始化蓝牙适配器
    private void initBluetooth() {
        // Android从4.3开始增加支持BLE技术（即蓝牙4.0及以上版本）
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) {
            // 从系统服务中获取蓝牙管理器
            BluetoothManager bm = (BluetoothManager)
                    getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
            mBluetooth = bm.getAdapter();
        } else {
            // 获取系统默认的蓝牙适配器
            mBluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        }
        if (mBluetooth == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "本机未找到蓝牙功能", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
        }
    }

    // 初始化蓝牙设备列表
    private void initBlueDevice() {
        mDeviceList.clear();
        // 获取已经配对的蓝牙设备集合
        Set<BluetoothDevice> bondedDevices = mBluetooth.getBondedDevices();
        for (BluetoothDevice device : bondedDevices) {
            mDeviceList.add(new BlueDevice(device.getName(), device.getAddress(), device.getBondState()));
        }
        if (mListAdapter == null) { // 首次打开页面，则创建一个新的蓝牙设备列表
            mListAdapter = new BlueListAdapter(this, mDeviceList);
            lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(mListAdapter);
            lv_bluetooth.setOnItemClickListener(this);
        } else { // 不是首次打开页面，则刷新蓝牙设备列表
            mListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    }

    private Runnable mDiscoverable = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            // Android8.0要在已打开蓝牙功能时才会弹出下面的选择窗
            if (BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(BluetoothActivity.this)) {
                // 弹出是否允许扫描蓝牙设备的选择对话框
                Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
                startActivityForResult(intent, mOpenCode);
            } else {
                mHandler.postDelayed(this, 1000);
            }
        }
    };

    //isChecked判断蓝牙功能是否启用
    @Override
    public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
        if (buttonView.getId() == R.id.ck_bluetooth) {
            if (isChecked) { // 开启蓝牙功能
                ck_bluetooth.setText("蓝牙开");
                if (!BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this)) {
                    BluetoothUtil.setBlueToothStatus(this, true); // 开启蓝牙功能
                }
                mHandler.post(mDiscoverable);
            } else { // 关闭蓝牙功能
                ck_bluetooth.setText("蓝牙关");
                cancelDiscovery(); // 取消蓝牙设备的搜索
                BluetoothUtil.setBlueToothStatus(this, false); // 关闭蓝牙功能
                initBlueDevice(); // 初始化蓝牙设备列表
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent intent) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, intent);
        if (requestCode == mOpenCode) { // 来自允许蓝牙扫描的对话框
            // 延迟50毫秒后启动蓝牙设备的刷新任务
            mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh, 50);
            if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "允许本地蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现",
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "不允许蓝牙被附近的其它蓝牙设备发现",
                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

    // 定义一个刷新任务，每隔两秒刷新扫描到的蓝牙设备
    private Runnable mRefresh = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            beginDiscovery(); // 开始扫描周围的蓝牙设备
            // 延迟2秒后再次启动蓝牙设备的刷新任务
            mHandler.postDelayed(this, 2000);
        }
    };

    // 开始扫描周围的蓝牙设备
    private void beginDiscovery() {
        // 如果当前不是正在搜索，则开始新的搜索任务
        if (!mBluetooth.isDiscovering()) {
            initBlueDevice(); // 初始化蓝牙设备列表
            tv_discovery.setText("正在搜索蓝牙设备");
            mBluetooth.startDiscovery(); // 开始扫描周围的蓝牙设备
        }
    }

    // 取消蓝牙设备的搜索
    private void cancelDiscovery() {
        mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRefresh);
        tv_discovery.setText("取消搜索蓝牙设备");
        // 当前正在搜索，则取消搜索任务
        if (mBluetooth.isDiscovering()) {
            mBluetooth.cancelDiscovery(); // 取消扫描周围的蓝牙设备
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh, 50);
        // 需要过滤多个动作，则调用IntentFilter对象的addAction添加新动作
        IntentFilter discoveryFilter = new IntentFilter();
        discoveryFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        discoveryFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        discoveryFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
        // 注册蓝牙设备搜索的广播接收器
        registerReceiver(discoveryReceiver, discoveryFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        cancelDiscovery(); // 取消蓝牙设备的搜索
        // 注销蓝牙设备搜索的广播接收器
        unregisterReceiver(discoveryReceiver);
    }

    // 蓝牙设备的搜索结果通过广播返回
    private BroadcastReceiver discoveryReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            Log.d(TAG, "onReceive action=" + action);
            // 获得已经搜索到的蓝牙设备
            if (action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)) { // 发现新的蓝牙设备
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                Log.d(TAG, "name=" + device.getName() + ", state=" + device.getBondState());
                refreshDevice(device, device.getBondState()); // 将发现的蓝牙设备加入到设备列表
            } else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)) { // 搜索完毕
                //mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRefresh); // 需要持续搜索就要注释这行
                tv_discovery.setText("蓝牙设备搜索完成");
            } else if (action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)) { // 配对状态变更
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING) {
                    tv_discovery.setText("正在配对" + device.getName());
                } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
                    tv_discovery.setText("完成配对" + device.getName());
                    mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh, 50);
                } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {
                    tv_discovery.setText("取消配对" + device.getName());
                    refreshDevice(device, device.getBondState());
                }
            }
        }
    };

    // 刷新蓝牙设备列表
    private void refreshDevice(BluetoothDevice device, int state) {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < mDeviceList.size(); i++) {
            BlueDevice item = mDeviceList.get(i);
            if (item.address.equals(device.getAddress())) {
                item.state = state;
                mDeviceList.set(i, item);
                break;
            }
        }
        if (i >= mDeviceList.size()) {
            mDeviceList.add(new BlueDevice(device.getName(), device.getAddress(), device.getBondState()));
        }
        mListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
        //cancelDiscovery();
        BlueDevice item = mDeviceList.get(position);
        // 根据设备地址获得远端的蓝牙设备对象
        BluetoothDevice device = mBluetooth.getRemoteDevice(item.address);
        Log.d(TAG, "getBondState="+device.getBondState()+", item.state="+item.state);
        if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) { // 尚未配对
            BluetoothUtil.createBond(device); // 创建配对信息
        } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) { // 已经配对
            boolean isSucc = BluetoothUtil.removeBond(device); // 移除配对信息
            if (!isSucc) {
                refreshDevice(device, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE);
            }
        }
    }

}

六 layout中的xml文件

1 activity_bluetooth.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="5dp" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/ck_bluetooth"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:button="@null"
            android:checked="false"
            android:drawableLeft="@drawable/ck_status_selector"
            android:text="蓝牙关"
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_discovery"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:gravity="right|center"
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:padding="5dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="点击设备项开始配对，再点击取消配对"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="17sp" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="4"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="名称"
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="5"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="地址"
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="2"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="状态"
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv_bluetooth"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</LinearLayout>

2 item_bluetooth.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_blue_name"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_weight="4"
        android:gravity="left|center_vertical"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="17sp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_blue_address"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="5"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="15sp" />
    
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_blue_state"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="2"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="17sp" />
    
</LinearLayout>

这里首先会检测蓝牙是否打开，然后询问是否配对连接，双方获取参数状态互配连接，找两台带有蓝牙设备的机器，烧入代码观察