[移动开发]Android--拨打电话出现java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial

1、Demo代码

    <!--拨打电话的Button布局，在activity_main.xml中-->
    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/main_call"
        android:text="打电话给10086"/>

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        requestPermission();
        initView();
        initListener();
        /*为Button绑定监听，通过隐式意图跳转Activity*/
         Button call= findViewById(R.id.main_call);
         call.setOnClickListener(view ->{
             Intent intent = new Intent();
             intent.setAction("android.intent.action.CALL");
             intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
             Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:10086");
             intent.setData(uri);
             startActivity(intent);
         });
    }

2、Error详情

错误原因：此例子没有android.permission.CALL_PHONE权限

E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.example.activityexample, PID: 30711
    java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting Intent { act=android.intent.action.CALL cat=[android.intent.category.DEFAULT] dat=tel:xxxxx cmp=com.android.server.telecom/.components.UserCallActivity } from ProcessRecord{6c3a921 30711:com.example.activityexample/u0a163} (pid=30711, uid=10163) requires android.permission.CALL_PHONE
        at android.os.Parcel.createExceptionOrNull(Parcel.java:2373)
        at android.os.Parcel.createException(Parcel.java:2357)
        at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:2340)
        at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:2282)
        at android.app.IActivityTaskManager$Stub$Proxy.startActivity(IActivityTaskManager.java:3696)
        at android.app.Instrumentation.execStartActivity(Instrumentation.java:1723)
        at android.app.Activity.startActivityForResult(Activity.java:5320)
        at androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity.startActivityForResult(FragmentActivity.java:676)
        at android.app.Activity.startActivityForResult(Activity.java:5278)
        at androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity.startActivityForResult(FragmentActivity.java:663)
        at android.app.Activity.startActivity(Activity.java:5664)
        at android.app.Activity.startActivity(Activity.java:5617)
        at com.example.activityexample.MainActivity.lambda$onCreate$0$MainActivity(MainActivity.java:48)
        at com.example.activityexample.-$$Lambda$MainActivity$sYWcUfxSFIDWB8mix6ozqxjQX_w.onClick(Unknown Source:2)
        at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:7448)
        at com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton.performClick(MaterialButton.java:992)
        at android.view.View.performClickInternal(View.java:7425)
        at android.view.View.access$3600(View.java:810)
        at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:28305)
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:938)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:223)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7656)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:592)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:947)
     Caused by: android.os.RemoteException: Remote stack trace:
        at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStackSupervisor.checkStartAnyActivityPermission(ActivityStackSupervisor.java:1032)
        at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.executeRequest(ActivityStarter.java:999)
        at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.execute(ActivityStarter.java:669)
        at com.android.server.wm.ActivityTaskManagerService.startActivityAsUser(ActivityTaskManagerService.java:1100)
        at com.android.server.wm.ActivityTaskManagerService.startActivityAsUser(ActivityTaskManagerService.java:1072)
I/Process: Sending signal. PID: 30711 SIG: 9

3、修正错误

<!-- 在AndroidManifest.xml中添加权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"/>

同时需要注意版本大于Android 6.0时，除了添加在AndroidManifest.xml中添加uses-permission，还需要手动请求相应的权限。

    /**
     *自定义方法
     */
    private void requestPermission() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M){
            requestPermissions(new String[]{"android.permission.CALL_PHONE"},111);
        }
    }
    /**
     * 对请求权限的结果做出响应
     * @param requestCode
     * @param permissions
     * @param grantResults
     */
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == 111){
            if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                Log.d(TAG,"恭喜你，权限获取成功");
            }else {
                Log.d(TAG,"对不起，当前权限被拒绝");
            }
        }
    }

仅为学习过程中的记录，方便自己以后查阅，也希望能帮助到每一位查阅者。其它权限详情均可参考Android Developer中的详细介绍。
参考文献地址：https://developer.android.google.cn/training/permissions/requesting#principles