0、引言
单片机：STM32F407ZGT6；
仿真器：ST Link V2；
开发环境：STM32CubeIDE 1.10.1；
功能说明：使用单片机串口进行一次基础收发功能测试。
前情提要：
STM32Cube学习（1）——点灯&配置
STM32Cube学习（2）——定时器中断
STM32Cube学习（3）——ADC
参考资料：
【STM32】HAL库 STM32CubeMX教程四—UART串口通信详解
STM32F4数据手册
1、STM32CubeIDE配置
1.1、基础配置
配置时钟
配置下载调试端口
1.2、串口配置
选择USART1——》PA9/Tx；PA10/Rx。
模式配置为Asynchronous异步通信
波特率：115200
字长：8 Bit
校验：None
停止位：1
在下方的设置为
数据方向Receive and Transmit收发模式
过采样16 Samples留坑
同时打开相应通道的中断使能
勾选 Generate peripheral initialization as a pair…
2、添加代码
以下代码参考CSDN博主‘Z小旋’，在此表示感谢
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <string.h>
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
#define RXBUFFERSIZE 256
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
char RxBuffer[RXBUFFERSIZE];
uint8_t aRxBuffer; //接收中断缓冲
uint8_t Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0; //接收缓冲计数
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aRxBuffer, 1);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 4;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 72;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
/* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
UNUSED(huart);
/* NOTE: This function Should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
the HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback could be implemented in the user file
*/
if(Uart1_Rx_Cnt >= 255) //溢出判断
{
Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
memset(RxBuffer,0x00,sizeof(RxBuffer));
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)"数据溢出", 10,0xFFFF);
}
else
{
RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt++] = aRxBuffer; //接收数据转存
if((RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-1] == 0x0A)&&(RxBuffer[Uart1_Rx_Cnt-2] == 0x0D)) //判断结束位
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&RxBuffer, Uart1_Rx_Cnt,0xFFFF); //将收到的信息发送出去
while(HAL_UART_GetState(&huart1) == HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY_TX){}//检测UART发送结束
Uart1_Rx_Cnt = 0;
memset(RxBuffer,0x00,sizeof(RxBuffer)); //清空数组
}
}
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aRxBuffer, 1); //再开启接收中断
}
/* USER CODE END 4 */
3、运行测试
