replication是一个Gerrit插件，可以从从服务器拉取代码，分担Gerrit主代码服务器的压力。配置一个或多个Gerrit从服务器，使用replication插件即时同步主服务器代码，然后普通用户从从服务器上面拉取代码，push代码的目标仍然是主服务器，解决主服务器性能问题，大概流程如下图：
?ssh配置
配置主服务器ssh，在根目录下面的.ssh目录：
配置config文件，填写从服务器地址信息
Host 192.168.1.1
User gerrit
Hostname 192.168.1.1
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
PreferredAuthentications publickey
StrictHostKeyChecking no
UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null编辑authorized_keys文件，加入从服务器的id_rsa.pub内容
配置从服务器ssh，在根目录下面的.ssh目录：
编辑authorized_keys文件，加入主服务器的id_rsa.pub内容
在主服务器上面配置Gerrit replication，位于Gerrit安装目录的etc/replication.config：
[remote "从服务器名称"]
//url为从服务器地址，可以填写多个
url = gerrit@192.168.1.1:/home/gerrit/gerritCD/git/${name}.git
projects = android* //匹配Android开头的所有仓库，可以填写多个，如果不填写仓库则会全部同步
push = +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/* //同步所有的分支
push = +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
push = +refs/changes/*:refs/changes/* //同步提交信息
mirror = true
replicatePermissions=true
threads = 16 //同时同步线程数
replicationDelay = 5 //延迟时间，单位是秒
adminUrl = gerrit@192.168.1.1:/home/gerrit/gerritCD/git/${name}.git重新加载replication插件
ssh -p 29418 user@192.168.1.0 gerrit plugin reload replication首次同步需要ssh授权，因此需要先在服务器上手动触发一次：
ssh -p 29418 user@192.168.1.0 replication start project在弹出的授权框中输入yes，然后Gerrit在后台就可以自动同步。
replication常用命令
#查看帮助信息
ssh -p 29418 user@192.168.1.0 replication start --help
#同步所有仓库
ssh -p 29418 user@192.168.1.0 replication start --all
#重新加载插件
ssh -p 29418 user@192.168.1.0 gerrit plugin reload replication
#同步单个仓库
ssh -p 29418 user@192.168.1.0 replication start project
同步仓库：
sudo java -jar /home/gerrit/bin/gerrit.war reindex --index projects -d /home/gerrit/gerritCD/
同步changes:
sudo java -jar /home/gerrit/bin/gerrit.war reindex --index changes -d /home/gerrit/gerritCD/
同步groups：
sudo java -jar /home/gerrit/bin/gerrit.war reindex --index groups -d /home/gerrit/gerritCD/
同步accounts:
sudo java -jar /home/gerrit/bin/gerrit.war reindex --index accounts -d /home/gerrit/gerritCD/配置gitconfig
编辑根目录下面的gitconfig文件：
主服务器地址：192.168.1.0
从服务器地址：192.168.1.1
[user]
email = *.com
name = user
[color]
ui = auto
#url中为实际使用的地址，insteadOf为被替换的地址
[url "ssh://192.168.1.1:29418"]
insteadOf = ssh://192.168.1.0:29418
#url中为实际使用的地址，pushInsteadOf为被替换的地址
[url "ssh://192.168.1.0:29418"]
pushInsteadOf = ssh://192.168.1.1:29418配置gitconfig以后，从主服务器拉取代码，实际使用的服务器是从服务器192.168.1.1；向服务器提交代码，只能提交到主服务器，从服务器对用户不可见。
官方文档
About
This plugin can automatically push any changes Gerrit Code Review makes to its managed Git repositories to another system. Usually this would be configured to provide mirroring of changes, for warm-standby backups, or a load-balanced public mirror farm.
The replication runs on a short delay. This gives the server a small time window to batch updates going to the same project, such as when a user uploads multiple changes at once.
Typically replication should be done over SSH, with a passwordless public/private key pair. On a trusted network it is also possible to use replication over the insecure (but much faster due to no authentication overhead or encryption) git:// protocol, by enabling the?receive-pack?service on the receiving system, but this configuration is not recommended. It is also possible to specify a local path as replication target. This makes e.g. sense if a network share is mounted to which the repositories should be replicated.
In multi-primary scenario, any replication work which is already in-flight or completed by the other nodes is not performed to avoid extra work. This is because, the storage for replication events is shared between multiple primaries.(The storage location is specified in the config using:?replication.eventsDirectory).
Replication of account data (NoteDb)
To replicate the account data in NoteDb the following branches from the?All-Users?repository must be replicated:
refs/users/*?(user branches)refs/meta/external-ids?(external IDs)refs/starred-changes/*?(star labels, not needed for Gerrit slaves)refs/sequences/accounts?(account sequence numbers, not needed for Gerrit slaves)
Enabling?Replication
If replicating over SSH, ensure the host key of the remote system(s) is already in the Gerrit user's?~/.ssh/known_hosts?file. The easiest way to add the host key is to connect once by hand with the command line:
sudo su -c 'ssh mirror1.us.some.org echo' gerrit2
NOTE:?make sure the local user's ssh keys format is PEM, here how to generate them:
ssh-keygen -m PEM -t rsa -C "your_email@example.com"
[remote "host-one"]
url = gerrit2@host-one.example.com:/some/path/${name}.git
[remote "pubmirror"]
url = mirror1.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
url = mirror2.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
url = mirror3.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
push = +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*
push = +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
threads = 3
authGroup = Public Mirror Group
authGroup = Second Public Mirror Group
Then reload the replication plugin to pick up the new configuration:
ssh -p 29418 localhost gerrit plugin reload replication
To manually trigger replication at runtime, see SSH command?start.
File?replication.config
The optional file?$site_path/etc/replication.config?is a Git-style config file that controls the replication settings for the replication plugin.
The file is composed of one or more?remote?sections, each remote section provides common configuration settings for one or more destination URLs.
Each remote section uses its own thread pool. If pushing to multiple remotes, over differing types of network connections (e.g. LAN and also public Internet), its a good idea to put them into different remote sections, so that replication to the slower connection does not starve out the faster local one. The example file above does this.
In the keys below, the?NAME?portion is unused by this plugin, but must be unique to distinguish the different sections if more than one remote section appears in the file.
gerrit.replicateOnStartup : If true, replicates to all remotes on startup to ensure they are in-sync with this server. By default, false.
gerrit.autoReload : If true, automatically reloads replication destinations and settings after?replication.config?file is updated, without the need to restart the replication plugin. When the reload takes place, pending replication events based on old settings are discarded. By default, false.
gerrit.defaultForceUpdate : If true, the default push refspec will be set to use forced update to the remote when no refspec is given. By default, false.
gerrit.maxRefsToLog : Number of refs, that are pushed during replication, to be logged. For printing all refs to the logs, use a value of 0. By default, 0.
gerrit.sshCommandTimeout : Timeout for SSH command execution. If 0, there is no timeout and the client waits indefinitely. By default, 0.
gerrit.sshConnectionTimeout : Timeout for SSH connections. If 0, there is no timeout and the client waits indefinitely. By default, 2 minutes.
replication.distributionInterval : Interval in seconds for running the replication distributor. When run, the replication distributor will add all persisted waiting tasks to the queue to ensure that externally loaded tasks are visible to the current process. If zero, turn off the replication distributor. By default, zero.
Turning this on is likely only useful when there are other processes
(such as other masters in the same cluster) writing to the same
persistence store. To ensure that updates are seen well before their
replicationDelay expires when the distributor is used, the recommended
value for this is approximately the smallest remote.NAME.replicationDelay
divided by 5.
replication.updateRefErrorMaxRetries : Number of times to retry a replication operation if an update ref error is detected.
If two or more replication operations (to the same GIT and Ref)
are scheduled at approximately the same time (and end up on different
replication threads), there is a large probability that the last
push to complete will fail with a remote "failed to update ref" error.
This error may also occur due to a transient issue like file system
being full which was previously returned as "failed to write" by git.
This option allows Gerrit to retry the replication push when the
"failed to update ref" error is detected. Also retry when the error
"failed to lock" is detected as that is the legacy string used by git.
A good value would be 3 retries or less, depending on how often
you see updateRefError collisions in your server logs. A too highly set
value risks keeping around the replication operations in the queue
for a long time, and the number of items in the queue will increase
with time.
Normally Gerrit will succeed with the replication during its first
retry, but in certain edge cases (e.g. a mirror introduces a ref
namespace with the same name as a branch on the master) the retry
will never succeed.
The issue can also be mitigated somewhat by increasing the
replicationDelay.
Default: 0 (disabled, i.e. never retry)
replication.lockErrorMaxRetries : Refer to the?replication.updateRefErrorMaxRetries?section.
If both `lockErrorMaxRetries` and `updateRefErrorMaxRetries` are
configured, then `updateRefErrorMaxRetries` takes precedence.
Default: 0 (disabled, i.e. never retry)
replication.maxRetries : Maximum number of times to retry a push operation that previously failed.
When a push operation reaches its maximum number of retries,
the replication event is discarded from the queue and the remote
destinations may remain out of sync.
Can be overridden at remote-level by setting replicationMaxRetries.
By default, pushes are retried indefinitely.
replication.eventsDirectory : Directory where replication events are persisted
When scheduling a replication, the replication event is persisted
under this directory. When the replication is done, the event is deleted.
If plugin is stopped before all scheduled replications are done, the
persisted events will not be deleted. When the plugin is started again,
it will trigger all replications found under this directory.
For replication to work, is is important that atomic renames be possible
from within any subdirectory of the eventsDirectory to within any other
subdirectory of the eventsDirectory. This generally means that the entire
contents of the eventsDirectory should live on the same filesystem.
When not set, defaults to the plugin's data directory.
remote.NAME.url : Address of the remote server to push to. Multiple URLs may be specified within a single remote block, listing different destinations which share the same settings. Assuming sufficient threads in the thread pool, Gerrit pushes to all URLs in parallel, using one thread per URL.
Within each URL value the magic placeholder `${name}` is
replaced with the Gerrit project name. This is a Gerrit
specific extension to the otherwise standard Git URL syntax
and it must be included in each URL so that Gerrit can figure
out where each project needs to be replicated. `${name}` may
only be omitted if the remote refers to a single repository
(i.e.: Exactly one [remote.NAME.projects][3] and that name's
value is a single project match.).
See [git push][1] for details on Git URL syntax.
remote.NAME.adminUrl : Address of the alternative remote server only for repository creation. Multiple URLs may be specified within a single remote block, listing different destinations which share the same settings.
The adminUrl can be used as an ssh alternative to the url
option, but only related to repository creation. If not
specified, the repository creation tries to follow the default
way through the url value specified.
It is useful when the remote.NAME.url protocols do not allow
repository creation although their usage is mandatory in the
local environment. In that case, an alternative SSH url could
be specified to repository creation.
To enable replication to different Gerrit instance use
`gerrit+http://` or `gerrit+https://` as protocol name followed
by hostname of another Gerrit server eg.
`gerrit+http://replica2.my.org/`
<br>
`gerrit+https://replica3.my.org/`
In this case replication will use Gerrit's REST API
to create/remove projects and update repository HEAD references.
NOTE: In order to replicate project deletion, the
link:https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/admin/projects/plugins/delete-project delete-project[delete-project]
plugin must be installed on the other Gerrit.
*Backward compatibility notice*
Before Gerrit v2.13 it was possible to enable replication to different
Gerrit masters using `gerrit+ssh://`
as protocol name followed by hostname of another Gerrit server eg.
`gerrit+ssh://replica1.my.org/`
In that case replication would have used Gerrit's SSH API to
create/remove projects and update repository HEAD references.
The `gerrit+ssh` option is kept for backward compatibility, however
the use-case behind it is not valid anymore since the introduction of
Lucene indexes and the removal of ReviewDb, which would require
a lot more machinery to setup a master to master replication scenario.
The `gerrit+ssh` option is still possible but is limited to the
ability to replicate only regular Git repositories that do not
contain any code-review or NoteDb information.
Using `gerrit+ssh` for replicating all Gerrit repositories
would result in failures on the All-Users.git replication and
would not be able to replicate changes magic refs and indexes
across nodes.
remote.NAME.receivepack : Path of the?git-receive-pack?executable on the remote system, if using the SSH transport.
Defaults to `git-receive-pack`.
remote.NAME.uploadpack : Path of the?git-upload-pack?executable on the remote system, if using the SSH transport.
Defaults to `git-upload-pack`.
remote.NAME.push : Standard Git refspec denoting what should be replicated. Setting this to?+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*?would mirror only the active branches, but not the change refs under?refs/changes/, or the tags under?refs/tags/.
Note that prefixing a source refspec with `+` causes the replication
to be done with a `git push --force` command.
Be aware that when you are pushing to remote repositories that may
have read/write access (e.g. GitHub) you may want to omit the `+`
to prevent the risk of overwriting branches that have been modified
on the remote.
Multiple push keys can be supplied, to specify multiple
patterns to match against. In the [example above][2], remote
"pubmirror" uses two push keys to match both `refs/heads/*`
and `refs/tags/*`, but excludes all others, including
`refs/changes/*`.
Defaults to `refs/*:refs/*` (push all refs) if not specified,
or `+refs/*:refs/*` (force push all refs) if not specified and
`gerrit.defaultForceUpdate` is true.
Note that the `refs/meta/config` branch is only replicated
when `replicatePermissions` is true, even if the push refspec
is 'all refs'.
remote.NAME.timeout : Number of seconds to wait for a network read or write to complete before giving up and declaring the remote side is not responding. If 0, there is no timeout, and the push client waits indefinitely.
A timeout should be large enough to mostly transfer the
objects to the other side. 1 second may be too small for
larger projects, especially over a WAN link, while 10-30
seconds is a much more reasonable timeout value.
Defaults to 0 seconds, wait indefinitely.
remote.NAME.replicationDelay : Time to wait before scheduling a remote push operation. Setting the delay to 0 effectively disables the delay, causing the push to start as soon as possible.
This is a Gerrit specific extension to the Git remote block.
By default, 15 seconds.
remote.NAME.rescheduleDelay : Delay when rescheduling a push operation due to an in-flight push running for the same project.
Cannot be set to a value lower than 3 seconds to avoid a tight loop
of schedule/run which could cause 1K+ retries per second.
A configured value lower than 3 seconds will be rounded to 3 seconds.
By default, 3 seconds.
remote.NAME.replicationRetry : Time to wait before scheduling a remote push operation previously failed due to an offline remote server.
If a remote push operation fails because a remote server was
offline, all push operations to the same destination URL are
blocked, and the remote push is continuously retried unless
the replicationMaxRetries value is set.
This is a Gerrit specific extension to the Git remote block.
By default, 1 minute.
remote.NAME.replicationMaxRetries : Maximum number of times to retry a push operation that previously failed.
When a push operation reaches its maximum number of retries
the replication event is discarded from the queue and the remote
destinations could be out of sync.
This is a Gerrit specific extension to the Git remote block.
By default, use replication.maxRetries.
remote.NAME.drainQueueAttempts : Maximum number of attempts to drain the replication event queue before stopping the plugin.
When stopping the plugin, the shutdown will be delayed trying to drain
the event queue.
The maximum delay is "drainQueueAttempts" * "replicationDelay" seconds.
When not set or set to 0, the queue is not drained and the pending
replication events are cancelled.
By default, do not drain replication events.
remote.NAME.threads : Number of worker threads to dedicate to pushing to the repositories described by this remote. Each thread can push one project at a time, to one destination URL. Scheduling within the thread pool is done on a per-project basis. If a remote block describes 4 URLs, allocating 4 threads in the pool will permit some level of parallel pushing.
By default, 1 thread.
remote.NAME.authGroup : Specifies the name of a group that the remote should use to access the repositories. Multiple authGroups may be specified within a single remote block to signify a wider access right. In the project administration web interface the read access can be specified for this group to control if a project should be replicated or not to the remote.
By default, replicates without group control, i.e. replicates
everything to all remotes.
remote.NAME.createMissingRepositories : If true, a repository is automatically created on the remote site. If the remote site was not available at the moment when a new project was created, it will be created if during the replication of a ref it is found to be missing.
If false, repositories are never created automatically on this
remote.
By default, true, missing repositories are created.
remote.NAME.replicatePermissions : If true, permissions-only projects and the refs/meta/config branch will also be replicated to the remote site. These projects and branches may be needed to keep a backup or slave server current.
By default, true, replicating everything.
remote.NAME.replicateProjectDeletions : If true, project deletions will also be replicated to the remote site.
By default, false, do *not* replicate project deletions.
remote.NAME.replicateHiddenProjects : If true, hidden projects will be replicated to the remote site.
By default, false, do *not* replicate hidden projects.
remote.NAME.mirror : If true, replication will remove remote branches that are absent locally or invisible to the replication (for example read access denied via?authGroup?option).
By default, false, do not remove remote branches.
remote.NAME.remoteNameStyle : Provides possibilities to influence the name of the target repository, e.g. by replacing slashes in the?${name}?placeholder.
Github and Gitorious do not permit slashes "/" in repository
names and will change them to dashes "-" at repository creation
time.
If this setting is set to "dash", slashes will be replaced with
dashes in the remote repository name. If set to "underscore",
slashes will be replaced with underscores in the repository name.
Option "basenameOnly" makes `${name}` to be only the basename
(the part after the last slash) of the repository path on the
Gerrit server, e.g. `${name}` of `foo/bar/my-repo.git` would
be `my-repo`.
By default, "slash", i.e. remote names will contain slashes as
they do in Gerrit.
remote.NAME.projects : Specifies which repositories should be replicated to the remote. It can be provided more than once, and supports three formats: regular expressions, wildcard matching, and single project matching. All three formats match case-sensitive.
Values starting with a caret `^` are treated as regular
expressions. `^foo/(bar|baz)` would match the projects
`foo/bar`, and `foo/baz`. Regular expressions have to fully
match the project name. So the above example would not match
`foo/bar2`, while `^foo/(bar|baz).*` would.
Projects may be excluded from replication by using a regular
expression with inverse match. `^(?:(?!PATTERN).)*$` will
exclude any project that matches.
Values that are not regular expressions and end in `*` are
treated as wildcard matches. Wildcards match projects whose
name agrees from the beginning until the trailing `*`. So
`foo/b*` would match the projects `foo/b`, `foo/bar`, and
`foo/baz`, but neither `foobar`, nor `bar/foo/baz`.
Values that are neither regular expressions nor wildcards are
treated as single project matches. So `foo/bar` matches only
the project `foo/bar`, but no other project.
By default, replicates without matching, i.e. replicates
everything to all remotes.
remote.NAME.slowLatencyThreshold : the time duration after which the replication of a project to this destination will be considered “slow”. A slow project replication will cause additional metrics to be exposed for further investigation. See?metrics.md?for further details.
default: 15 minutes
Directory?replication
The optional directory?$site_path/etc/replication?contains Git-style config files that controls the replication settings for the replication plugin. When present all?remote?sections from?replication.config?file are ignored.
Files are composed of one?remote?section. Multiple?remote?sections or any other section makes the file invalid and skipped by the replication plugin. File name defines remote section name. Each section provides common configuration settings for one or more destination URLs. For more details how to setup?remote?sections please refer to the?replication.config?section.
example
Static configuration in?$site_path/etc/replication.config:
[gerrit]
autoReload = true
replicateOnStartup = false
[replication]
lockErrorMaxRetries = 5
maxRetries = 5
Remote sections in?$site_path/etc/replication?directory:
- File?
$site_path/etc/replication/host-one.config
[remote]
url = gerrit2@host-one.example.com:/some/path/${name}.git
- File?
$site_path/etc/replication/pubmirror.config
[remote]
url = mirror1.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
url = mirror2.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
url = mirror3.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
push = +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*
push = +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
threads = 3
authGroup = Public Mirror Group
authGroup = Second Public Mirror Group
Replication plugin resolves config files to the following configuration:
[gerrit]
autoReload = true
replicateOnStartup = false
[replication]
lockErrorMaxRetries = 5
maxRetries = 5
[remote "host-one"]
url = gerrit2@host-one.example.com:/some/path/${name}.git
[remote "pubmirror"]
url = mirror1.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
url = mirror2.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
url = mirror3.us.some.org:/pub/git/${name}.git
push = +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*
push = +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
threads = 3
authGroup = Public Mirror Group
authGroup = Second Public Mirror Group
File?secure.config
The optional file?$site_path/secure.config?is a Git-style config file that provides secure values that should not be world-readable, such as passwords. Passwords for HTTP remotes can be obtained from this file.
remote.NAME.username : Username to use for HTTP authentication on this remote, if not given in the URL.
remote.NAME.password : Password to use for HTTP authentication on this remote.
File?~/.ssh/config
Gerrit reads and caches the?~/.ssh/config?at startup, and supports most SSH configuration options. For example:
Host host-one.example.com
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_hostone
PreferredAuthentications publickey
Host mirror*.us.some.org
User mirror-updater
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_pubmirror
PreferredAuthentications publickey
IdentityFile?and?PreferredAuthentications?must be defined for all the hosts. Here an example of the minimum?~/.ssh/config?needed:
Host *
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
PreferredAuthentications publickey
Supported options:
- Host
- Hostname
- User
- Port
- IdentityFile
- PreferredAuthentications
- StrictHostKeyChecking
SSH authentication must be by passwordless public key, as there is no facility to read passphrases on startup or passwords during the SSH connection setup, and SSH agents are not supported from Java.
Host keys for any destination SSH servers must appear in the user's?~/.ssh/known_hosts?file, and must be added in advance, before Gerrit starts. If a host key is not listed, Gerrit will be unable to connect to that destination, and replication to that URL will fail.