前言

在VSCode中配置C语言环境，得先有VSCode，安装VSCode可以参考这篇文章：VSCode详细安装教程（图文）
VSC只是一个编辑器(editor)，不是IDE(集成开发环境)，不含编译器(compiler)和许多其它功能，所以编译器要自己下载然后配置，最后在VSCode中进行相关配置

一、安装编译器（MinGW-W64 GCC）

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1N0a6c9DLZhJ3UuKcQs15PA
提取码：3zll

下载完之后解压
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二、配置环境变量

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这里是解压后bin文件夹的路径

然后测试环境配置是否成功，win+R输入cmd打开
在cmd.exe中输入如下命令：
gcc -v -E -x c++ -
如果运行结果像下方图片中这样，就配置成功了。

三、在VSCode中进行相关配置

先新建一个文件夹作为C语言项目文件，然后点击菜单栏中的File——>Open Folder，找到刚才新建的文件夹，然后点击选择文件夹打开这个项目文件。
然后在里面新建一个first.c文件（名字随便起，以.c结尾就行了）
然后再建一个
.vscode文件夹（注意前面有个点），在里面建三个文件，c_cpp_properties.json、launch.json、tasks.json

c_cpp_properties.json：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceRoot}",
                "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/include/**",
                "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++",
                "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32",
                "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward",
                "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include",
                "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed",
                "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "__GNUC__=6",
                "__cdecl=__attribute__((__cdecl__))"
            ],
            "intelliSenseMode": "msvc-x64",
            "browse": {
                "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
                "databaseFilename": "",
                "path": [
                    "${workspaceRoot}",
                    "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/include/**",
                    "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++",
                    "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32",
                    "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/backward",
                    "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include",
                    "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include-fixed",
                    "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/include"
                ]
            }
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

下方红框里的内容需要修改，将所有的改为自己的安装路径，就是我们之前下载的编译器的地址：
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launch.json：

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(Windows) Launch",
            "type": "cppvsdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "cmd",
            "preLaunchTask": "echo",
            "args": [
                "/C",
                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "&",
                "echo.",
                "&",
                "pause"
            ],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole":true
        },
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "F:/app/vscode/mingw64/bin/gdb.exe",// 自己电脑的gdb
            "preLaunchTask": "echo",//这里和task.json的label相对应
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
 
        }
    ]
}

miDebuggerPath属性里的内容也要改成自己的路径
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tasks.json：

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "echo",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "gcc",
            "args": [
                "-g", 
                "${file}", 
                "-o", 
                "${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "-fexec-charset=GBK"//解决中文乱码
            ]
        }
    ],
    "presentation": {
        "echo": true,
        "reveal": "always",
        "focus": false,
        "panel": "shared", 
        "showReuseMessage": true,
        "clear": false
    }
}

然后就可以在之前建的hello.c文件里面写程序啦
例：

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    int a = 1;
    int b = 2;
    int c = 0;
 
    c = a + b;
    
    printf("%d + %d = %d", a, b, c);
 
    return 0;
}