Git常用命令
Git 常用命令
1 设置用户签名
1）基本语法
git config --global user.name 用户名
git config --global user.email 邮箱
2）案例实操
全局范围的签名设置：
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git config --global user.name Layne
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git config --global user.email Layne@atguigu.com
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ cat ~/.gitconfig
[user]
name = Layne
email = Layne@atguigu.com
说明：
签名的作用是区分不同操作者身份。用户的签名信息在每一个版本的提交信息中能够看到，以此确认本次提交是谁做的。Git 首次安装必须设置一下用户签名，否则无法提交代码。
※注意：这里设置用户签名和将来登录 GitHub（或其他代码托管中心）的账号没有任何关系。
2 初始化本地库
1）基本语法
git init
2）案例实操
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in D:/Git-Space/SH0720/.git/
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ ll -a
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 1 Layne 197609 0 11 月 25 14:07 ./
drwxr-xr-x 1 Layne 197609 0 11 月 25 14:07 ../
drwxr-xr-x 1 Layne 197609 0 11 月 25 14:07 .git/ （.git 初始化的效果，生成 git）
3）结果查看
3 查看本地库状态
1）基本语法
git status
2）案例实操
3.1 首次查看（工作区没有任何文件）
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)
3.2 新增文件（hello.txt）
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ vim hello.txt
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!
3.3 再次查看（检测到未追踪的文件）
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
hello.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add"
to track)
4 添加暂存区
4.1 将工作区的文件添加到暂存区
1）基本语法
git add 文件名
2）案例实操
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git add hello.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working
directory.
4.2 查看状态（检测到暂存区有新文件）
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
Changes to be committed:
(use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
new file: hello.txt
5 提交本地库
5.1 将暂存区的文件提交到本地库
1）基本语法
git commit -m “日志信息” 文件名
2）案例实操
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git commit -m "my first commit" hello.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working
directory.
[master (root-commit) 86366fa] my first commit
1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 hello.txt
5.2 查看状态（没有文件需要提交）
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
6 修改文件（hello.txt）
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ vim hello.txt
hello git! hello atguigu! 2222222222222
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!
6.1 查看状态（检测到工作区有文件被修改）
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working
directory)
modified: hello.txt
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
6.2 将修改的文件再次添加暂存区
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git add hello.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working
directory.
6.3 查看状态（工作区的修改添加到了暂存区）
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: hello.txt
7 历史版本
7.1 查看历史版本
1）基本语法
git reflog 查看版本信息
git log 查看版本详细信息
2）案例实操
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git reflog
087a1a7 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: my third commit
ca8ded6 HEAD@{1}: commit: my second commit
86366fa HEAD@{2}: commit (initial): my first commit
7.2 版本穿梭
1）基本语法
git reset --hard 版本号
2）案例实操
–首先查看当前的历史记录，可以看到当前是在 087a1a7 这个版本
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git reflog
087a1a7 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: my third commit
ca8ded6 HEAD@{1}: commit: my second commit
86366fa HEAD@{2}: commit (initial): my first commit
–切换到 86366fa 版本，也就是我们第一次提交的版本
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git reset --hard 86366fa
HEAD is now at 86366fa my first commit
–切换完毕之后再查看历史记录，当前成功切换到了 86366fa 版本
Layne@LAPTOP-Layne MINGW64 /d/Git-Space/SH0720 (master)
$ git reflog
86366fa (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to 86366fa
087a1a7 HEAD@{1}: commit: my third commit
ca8ded6 HEAD@{2}: commit: my second commit
86366fa (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{3}: commit (initial): my first commit
–然后查看文件 hello.txt，发现文件内容已经变化
$ cat hello.txt
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!
hello git! hello atguigu!