[开发工具]windows下visual studio基于pybind11和cmake的python扩展开发环境搭建

1. visual studio cpp cmake 开发环境
   略
2. windos 下python3安装，以及pybind11库安装
   略
   说明：1. 对于linux货mac 环境需要安装python-dev版本，如python3.9-dev，但在windows环境无 dev版本，直接使用 非dev的常规版本即可，windows常规版本即带有 Python.h 等各种头文件，可以支持python 扩展模块开发
3. 源码

#include <iostream>
#include <Python.h>
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>


namespace py = pybind11;

int add(int a, int b) {
	return a + b;
}


std::string  hello(std::string someone) {
	std::cout << "hello " << someone << std::endl;
	return "hello" + someone;
}


// pybind11使用参照pybind11 官方教程即可
PYBIND11_MODULE(pytry, m) {
	m.doc() = "pybind11 example in win";  //optional module docstring

	m.def("add", &add, "A function that adds two numbers");

	m.def("hello", &hello, "A function that hello some one");
}

4. 编译
   cmake 编译配置

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.8)

project ("CMakeProject1")

set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS on)   # 输出compile_command.json

set(Python_DIR,"C:/Users/xxxx/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python39" )   # 用于设定查找python模块的指定路径
find_package(Python COMPONENTS Interpreter Development)   # findpython 可参考 https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.12/module/FindPython.html
find_package(pybind11 PATHS "C:/workplace/pythonProject/firstpython/venv/Lib/site-packages/pybind11" )   // 用于给查找指定 pybind11 模块指定路径

message(${Python_FOUND})        # 输出查找结果
message(${pybind11_FOUND})    # 输出查找结果

include_directories(${pybind11_INCLUDE_DIRS})    # include  pybind11 和  python的头文件

add_library(pytry SHARED "pytry.cpp")    # 必须是生成动态库
target_link_libraries(pytry ${Python_LIBRARIES})    # 链接 python.lib 库

# TODO: 如有需要，请添加测试并安装目标。

说明： 编译时如果提示缺少python39_d.lib 等，复制 python39.lib为 python39_d.lib即可， 或者将vs 的配置由debug 改为为release， 如下图

4. 修改生成的动态库文件名

windows中的 识别的动态库后缀必须是.pyd, 复制生成pytry.dll pytry.pyd 即可
说明： 文件名必须与python模块名一致，python模块名在cpp脚本PYBIND11_MODULE部分设定。
生成好的.pyd, 在当前目录下打开python可以直接通过import pytry 导入模块。

5. linux 环境下
   cmake：

#c++ -O3 -Wall -shared -std=c++11 -fPIC $(python3 -m pybind11 --includes) spam.cpp -o spam.so   #命令行执行原始
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)
project(spam VERSION 0.1.0)

# set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-Wall")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-fPIC")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11")

include(CTest)
enable_testing()


#python  package find
set(Python3_ROOT_DIR  "/home/xxxx/.pyenv/versions/3.9-dev")
find_package (Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter Development  REQUIRED)
find_package(pybind11  CONFIG  PATHS "/home/xxxxx/.pyenv/versions/py39dev/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/pybind11" REQUIRE)

message(${Python3_FOUND})
message(${pybind11_FOUND})

# add_subdirectory()

include_directories(${pybind11_INCLUDE_DIRS})

# set(CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_PREFIX "")
# set(CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX "")
add_library(spam SHARED spam.cpp)
# set_target_properties(spam PROPERTIES SUFFIX  "_add")   # 目标文件前缀
# set_target_properties(spam PROPERTIES SUFFIX  "_add")   # 目标文件后缀 
# set_target_properties(spam PROPERTIES RELEASE_PREFIX "")   # 可执行文件后缀


# add_executable(spam_ spam.cpp)
# pybind11_add_module(spam spam.cpp)

set(CPACK_PROJECT_NAME ${PROJECT_NAME})
set(CPACK_PROJECT_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})
include(CPack)

linux下python对动态库的识别，文件名后缀为.so， 文件名必须和模块名一致，即不能带有lib前缀。