仅供参考 不保证正确性 部分课后习题
习题一
8
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12
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习题二
2
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6
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变址寻址偏移地址的范围为-16~15
习题三
3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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11
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页面失效的时刻=没有命中的时刻
15
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16
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17
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21
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(2080*5 - 256-4-84)/20805 =0.972 (根据例题猜测 没搞懂)
习题4
6
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7
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8
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? 8.1时空图
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8.2 时空图
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9
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时空图
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10
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10.1时空图
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10.2 时空图
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11
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时空图
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12
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习题5
4
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其他
为什么现在商品化微处理器的超标量发射度一般都小于等于5?流水线的级数也从原来的20到40级(如Pentium 4),发展到现在最新的处理器却只有10几级(如Core)或10级以下(如Niagara-2)?
答:超标量发射度m 的增大由于受硬件成本、硬件资源使用的复杂性、程序中的指令级并行性、编译器的优化能力等限制,进展缓慢。
由于超流水线中倍频n的增大需要通过细化流水线、增加级数和提高主频来实现,而细化流水线会使同一资源被使用时发生资源冲突的机会增加,流水线级数的增加又会导致并行解释指令之间发生数据相关、控制相关和资源相关的机会相应增加,这样将加重编译器的负担;而主频的增长不仅会增加微处理器的功耗,而且还受限于时钟技术的发展。
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