文章目录
问题
如下图文件夹
> include: *.h文件
> out: 编译后的输出文件夹
> source：*.cpp文件
先看看我们的几个文件夹里有什么文件，还有文件里有什么内容。
include
- add.h
- 这里就是add()函数的声明
- 还需要要加上 int test_add();这个声明
source
- main.cpp
- 简单的一个程序入口
- 简单的一个程序入口
- add.cpp
- 这里是我们主要的程序部分，定义了几个add()函数。还有test_add()函数
- 还需要#include “add.h”
out
- 现在还没有编译过，所以为空
那我们要怎样配置vscode里的一些环境呢？
配置过程遇到的问题与解决
遇到的问题1
identifier "test_add" is undefinedC/C++(20)
说白了，就是test_add这个标识符不能识别（没有定义），可我们从上面的文件里看到了，该函数都是有的。再往下看，我们一个一个来解决。
解决步骤
1. ctrl + shift + p
然后选择如下箭头所指示
出现如下，选择Debug Anyway
完成这一步了，我们可以参文件下面，会有一个.vscode的文件夹，还有两个.json的文件。
2. 配置json文件
修改task.json文件
默认的如下，主要要修改三个地方
- 添加 -I，及-I对应的文件夹 (include)
- 修改 -o，及-o对文件夹 (out)
- 修改-g，及-g对应的文件(source)
{
"tasks": [
{
"type": "cppbuild",
"label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
"command": "/usr/bin/g++",
"args": [
"-g",
"${file}",
"-o",
"${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
],
"options": {
"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
}
],
"version": "2.0.0"
}
修改如下
{
"tasks": [
{
"type": "cppbuild",
"label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
"command": "/usr/bin/g++",
"args": [
"-g",
"${workspaceFolder}/source/*.cpp", //all cpp from source
"-I", //include
"${workspaceFolder}/include", //include path
"-o",
"${workspaceFolder}/out/${fileBasenameNoExtension}" //out path
],
"options": {
"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
}
],
"version": "2.0.0"
}
修改launch.json
默认的launch.json如下，
只需要修改2版主即可
- “program” 后的属性，修改成与tasks.json -o 后的属性一样
- “cwd”: 属性修改为 “${workspaceFolder}/out”
{
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "g++ - Build and debug active file",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${fileDirname}",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
"miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
}
]
}
修改如下，都已经加注释了
{
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "g++ - Build and debug active file",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/out/${fileBasenameNoExtension}", //program output name, same as tasks.json -o path
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/out", //out here is the folder named out
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
"miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
}
]
}
保存以上文件后，已经不报错了
- F5: 调试程序
- CTRL+F5：运行程序
- ctrl + shift + B (build)
可能遇到的错误
1. collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
/usr/bin/g++ -g /mnt/d/tmp/c++/source/main.cpp -I /mnt/d/tmp/c++/include -o /mnt/d/tmp/c++/out/main
/tmp/ccBwxewk.o: In function `main':
/mnt/d/tmp/c++/source/main.cpp:8: undefined reference to `test_add()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
tasks.json -g 后面的参数改为 “${workspaceFolder}/source/*.cpp”
2. /mnt/d/tmp/c++/source/add.cpp:3:10: fatal error: add.h: No such file or directory
Starting build...
/usr/bin/g++ -g /mnt/d/tmp/c++/source/*.cpp -o /mnt/d/tmp/c++/out/main
/mnt/d/tmp/c++/source/add.cpp:3:10: fatal error: add.h: No such file or directory
#include "add.h"
^~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
/mnt/d/tmp/c++/source/main.cpp:2:10: fatal error: add.h: No such file or directory
#include <add.h>
^~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
Build finished with error(s).
The terminal process failed to launch (exit code: -1).
tasks.json 加上"-I", “${workspaceFolder}/include”,
c_cpp_properties.json
c_cpp_properties.json配置文件默认是不会产生的，ctrl+shift+p 再输入configuration选择后便会出现。
在这里我们可以设置 includePath
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Linux",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**",
"${workspaceFolder}/include/**" //your include path
],
"defines": [],
"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
"cStandard": "gnu11",
"cppStandard": "gnu++14",
"intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64"
}
],
"version": 4
}
注：请注意，这里使用是的WSL环境下的g++。
