[开发工具]VScode 一键编译和调试

本文参考：vscode一键配置C/C++多个C及CPP文件编译与tasks.json和launch.json原理
上一篇文章我们了解了VScode的工作原理，但是实际项目肯定是由多个源文件和模块组成。此时可以通过CMake进行配置工程，然后进行make编译。

上一篇文章我们知道VScode的工作原理主要依赖执行任务，即task.json。通过CMake配置的工程我们只需要执行如下指令，即可完成整个项目的编译工作。

CMake . && make

实现思路

1. 编写CMake脚本
2. 运行CMake脚本生成makefile，然后执行make编译文件。

CMake输出目录依旧为：build。所以任务主要分为两步：第一步创建Build目录，第二步在Build目录执行CMake指令：CMake ../
创建build目录

{
            "type":"shell",
            "label": "mkBuild",
            "command":"mkdir",
            "args": [
            //这里需要指定参数p，否则如果build目录存在则任务会报错
                "-p",
                "build"
            ],

            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
            },
        },

在build目录执行CMake

{
            "type":"shell",
            "label": "executeCmake",
            "command":"cmake",
            "args": [
                "../",
            ],

            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build"
            },
			//这里需要指定依赖的任务mkBuild，由mkBuild创建build目录
            "dependsOn":"mkBuild"
        },

在build目录执行make

{
            "type":"shell",
            "label": "execMake",
            "command":"make",
            "args": [
            ],

            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build"
            },
			//依赖CMake任务
            "dependsOn":"executeCmake"
        }

此时在launch.json里面指定任务execMake即可。

"preLaunchTask": "execMake",

配置完成之后按运行F5调试即可，如果需要调试CMake一定需要指定set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")，否则将不可调试。

下面是完整的配置文件：
task.json

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type":"shell",
            "label": "mkBuild",
            "command":"mkdir",
            "args": [
                "-p",
                "build"
            ],

            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
            },
        },

        {
            "type":"shell",
            "label": "executeCmake",
            "command":"cmake",
            "args": [
                "../",
            ],

            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build"
            },

            "dependsOn":"mkBuild"
        },

        {
            "type":"shell",
            "label": "execMake",
            "command":"make",
            "args": [
            ],

            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build"
            },

            "dependsOn":"executeCmake"
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

launch.json

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "g++ - 生成和调试活动文件",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/hellow",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "execMake",
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
        }
    ]
}

由于CMakeLists.txt的代码不具有通用性，所以这里暂时不贴出。如果不懂CMake的可以参考：一文读懂CMake