1 参数列表查看
sudo qemu-system-aarch64 --help
QEMU emulator version 7.1.0
Copyright ? 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-aarch64 [options] [disk_image]
‘disk_image’ is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0
2 Standard options:
-h or -help display this help and exit
-version display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
memory-encryption=@var{} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
dies= number of dies in one socket
clusters= number of clusters in one die
cores= number of cores in one cluster
threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
sequentially mean as below:
sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
cores means the number of cores in one socket
threads means the number of threads in one core
For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
[,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
configure guest RAM
size: initial amount of guest memory
slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
specifies the audio backend and device to use;
apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
specifies the audio backend to use
id= identifier of the backend
timer-period= timer period in microseconds
in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
in|out.voices= number of voices to use
in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
add device (based on driver)
prop=value,... sets driver properties
use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
set the name of the guest
string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
specify machine UUID
3 Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
[,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
[,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
[,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
[,driver specific parameters...]
configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
[,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
[,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
[,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
[,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
[,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
[,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
[[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
[[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
[[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
[[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
[[,iops_size=is]]
[[,group=g]]
use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
[[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
[[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
[[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
[[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
[[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
[,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
[,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
[,timeout=timeout]
iSCSI session parameters
USB convenience options:
-usb enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'
4 Display options:
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display none
select display backend type
The default display is equivalent to
"-vnc localhost:0,to=99,id=default"
-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
select video card type
-full-screen start in full screen
-vnc <display> shorthand for -display vnc=<display>
-no-acpi disable ACPI
-smbios file=binary
load SMBIOS entry from binary file
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
[,uefi=on|off]
specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
[,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
[,asset=str][,location=str]
specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
[,sku=str]
specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
[,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]
[,processor-id=%d]
specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]
specify SMBIOS type 11 fields
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
[,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]
specify SMBIOS type 41 fields
5 Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
[,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
[,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
[,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
[,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
[,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
[,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
[,poll-us=n]
configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
connected to a bridge (default=br0)
use network scripts 'file' (default=/usr/local/etc/qemu-ifup)
to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/usr/local/etc/qemu-ifdown)
to deconfigure it
use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper) to
configure it
use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
(only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
connected to a bridge (default=br0)
using the program 'helper (default=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
[,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
[,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
[,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
use 'src=' to specify source address
use 'dst=' to specify destination address
use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
well as a weak security measure
use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
configure a network backend to connect to another network
using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
configure a network backend to connect to another network
using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str,vhostdev=/path/to/dev
configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|socket][,option][,option][,...]
old way to initialize a host network interface
(use the -netdev option if possible instead)
5 Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
[,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
[,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
[,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
6 TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
configure the TPM device using chardev backend
7 Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb file use 'file' as device tree image
8 Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file write PID to 'file'
-singlestep always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
run qemu with overcommit hints
mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
if you want it to not start execution.)
-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,... enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,.. filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support
-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id
-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain
libxl will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict restrict set of available xen operations
to specified domain id. (Does not affect
xenpv machine type).
-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
record-and-replay mode
-watchdog model
enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
prepare for incoming migration, listen on
specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
or from given external command
-incoming defer
wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults don't create default devices
-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM
user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,arg=str[,...]]
semihosting configuration
-old-param old param mode
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
[,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
C library implementations.
use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
blocking *fork and execve
use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
read config file
-no-user-config
do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
load a plugin
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
control error message format
timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
-name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
check for possible regressions in migration code
by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
enable synchronization profiling
9 Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'
property must be set. These objects are placed in the
'/objects' path.
10 During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab
When using -nographic, press ‘ctrl-a h’ to get some help.
See https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at https://qemu.org.
11 查看machine或者device等列表
查看这个参数的列表的时，可以根据执行qemu-system-aarch64 --help所提示的命令去处理，比如查看-machine list可以使用sudo qemu-system-aarch64 -machine help去查看，要查-device list可以通过sudo qemu-system-aarch64 -device help查看，其他的也同样如此。
11.1 查看machine列表
(base) chehejia@microos-20-19:~/work/linux/linux-5.10$ sudo qemu-system-aarch64 -machine help
Supported machines are:
akita Sharp SL-C1000 (Akita) PDA (PXA270)
ast1030-evb Aspeed AST1030 MiniBMC (Cortex-M4)
ast2500-evb Aspeed AST2500 EVB (ARM1176)
ast2600-evb Aspeed AST2600 EVB (Cortex-A7)
bletchley-bmc Facebook Bletchley BMC (Cortex-A7)
borzoi Sharp SL-C3100 (Borzoi) PDA (PXA270)
canon-a1100 Canon PowerShot A1100 IS (ARM946)
cheetah Palm Tungsten|E aka. Cheetah PDA (OMAP310)
collie Sharp SL-5500 (Collie) PDA (SA-1110)
connex Gumstix Connex (PXA255)
cubieboard cubietech cubieboard (Cortex-A8)
emcraft-sf2 SmartFusion2 SOM kit from Emcraft (M2S010)
fby35-bmc Facebook fby35 BMC (Cortex-A7)
fby35 Meta Platforms fby35
fp5280g2-bmc Inspur FP5280G2 BMC (ARM1176)
fuji-bmc Facebook Fuji BMC (Cortex-A7)
g220a-bmc Bytedance G220A BMC (ARM1176)
highbank Calxeda Highbank (ECX-1000)
imx25-pdk ARM i.MX25 PDK board (ARM926)
integratorcp ARM Integrator/CP (ARM926EJ-S)
kudo-bmc Kudo BMC (Cortex-A9)
kzm ARM KZM Emulation Baseboard (ARM1136)
lm3s6965evb Stellaris LM3S6965EVB (Cortex-M3)
lm3s811evb Stellaris LM3S811EVB (Cortex-M3)
mainstone Mainstone II (PXA27x)
mcimx6ul-evk Freescale i.MX6UL Evaluation Kit (Cortex-A7)
mcimx7d-sabre Freescale i.MX7 DUAL SABRE (Cortex-A7)
microbit BBC micro:bit (Cortex-M0)
midway Calxeda Midway (ECX-2000)
mori-bmc Mori BMC (Cortex-A9)
mps2-an385 ARM MPS2 with AN385 FPGA image for Cortex-M3
mps2-an386 ARM MPS2 with AN386 FPGA image for Cortex-M4
mps2-an500 ARM MPS2 with AN500 FPGA image for Cortex-M7
mps2-an505 ARM MPS2 with AN505 FPGA image for Cortex-M33
mps2-an511 ARM MPS2 with AN511 DesignStart FPGA image for Cortex-M3
mps2-an521 ARM MPS2 with AN521 FPGA image for dual Cortex-M33
mps3-an524 ARM MPS3 with AN524 FPGA image for dual Cortex-M33
mps3-an547 ARM MPS3 with AN547 FPGA image for Cortex-M55
musca-a ARM Musca-A board (dual Cortex-M33)
musca-b1 ARM Musca-B1 board (dual Cortex-M33)
musicpal Marvell 88w8618 / MusicPal (ARM926EJ-S)
n800 Nokia N800 tablet aka. RX-34 (OMAP2420)
n810 Nokia N810 tablet aka. RX-44 (OMAP2420)
netduino2 Netduino 2 Machine (Cortex-M3)
netduinoplus2 Netduino Plus 2 Machine (Cortex-M4)
none empty machine
npcm750-evb Nuvoton NPCM750 Evaluation Board (Cortex-A9)
nuri Samsung NURI board (Exynos4210)
orangepi-pc Orange Pi PC (Cortex-A7)
palmetto-bmc OpenPOWER Palmetto BMC (ARM926EJ-S)
qcom-dc-scm-v1-bmc Qualcomm DC-SCM V1 BMC (Cortex A7)
qcom-firework-bmc Qualcomm DC-SCM V1/Firework BMC (Cortex A7)
quanta-gbs-bmc Quanta GBS (Cortex-A9)
quanta-gsj Quanta GSJ (Cortex-A9)
quanta-q71l-bmc Quanta-Q71l BMC (ARM926EJ-S)
rainier-bmc IBM Rainier BMC (Cortex-A7)
raspi0 Raspberry Pi Zero (revision 1.2)
raspi1ap Raspberry Pi A+ (revision 1.1)
raspi2b Raspberry Pi 2B (revision 1.1)
raspi3ap Raspberry Pi 3A+ (revision 1.0)
raspi3b Raspberry Pi 3B (revision 1.2)
realview-eb ARM RealView Emulation Baseboard (ARM926EJ-S)
realview-eb-mpcore ARM RealView Emulation Baseboard (ARM11MPCore)
realview-pb-a8 ARM RealView Platform Baseboard for Cortex-A8
realview-pbx-a9 ARM RealView Platform Baseboard Explore for Cortex-A9
romulus-bmc OpenPOWER Romulus BMC (ARM1176)
sabrelite Freescale i.MX6 Quad SABRE Lite Board (Cortex-A9)
sbsa-ref QEMU 'SBSA Reference' ARM Virtual Machine
smdkc210 Samsung SMDKC210 board (Exynos4210)
sonorapass-bmc OCP SonoraPass BMC (ARM1176)
spitz Sharp SL-C3000 (Spitz) PDA (PXA270)
stm32vldiscovery ST STM32VLDISCOVERY (Cortex-M3)
supermicrox11-bmc Supermicro X11 BMC (ARM926EJ-S)
sx1 Siemens SX1 (OMAP310) V2
sx1-v1 Siemens SX1 (OMAP310) V1
tacoma-bmc OpenPOWER Tacoma BMC (Cortex-A7)
terrier Sharp SL-C3200 (Terrier) PDA (PXA270)
tosa Sharp SL-6000 (Tosa) PDA (PXA255)
verdex Gumstix Verdex (PXA270)
versatileab ARM Versatile/AB (ARM926EJ-S)
versatilepb ARM Versatile/PB (ARM926EJ-S)
vexpress-a15 ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A15
vexpress-a9 ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A9
virt-2.10 QEMU 2.10 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.11 QEMU 2.11 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.12 QEMU 2.12 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.6 QEMU 2.6 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.7 QEMU 2.7 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.8 QEMU 2.8 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.9 QEMU 2.9 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-3.0 QEMU 3.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-3.1 QEMU 3.1 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-4.0 QEMU 4.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-4.1 QEMU 4.1 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-4.2 QEMU 4.2 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-5.0 QEMU 5.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-5.1 QEMU 5.1 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-5.2 QEMU 5.2 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-6.0 QEMU 6.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-6.1 QEMU 6.1 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-6.2 QEMU 6.2 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-7.0 QEMU 7.0 ARM Virtual Machine
virt QEMU 7.1 ARM Virtual Machine (alias of virt-7.1)
virt-7.1 QEMU 7.1 ARM Virtual Machine
witherspoon-bmc OpenPOWER Witherspoon BMC (ARM1176)
xilinx-zynq-a9 Xilinx Zynq Platform Baseboard for Cortex-A9
xlnx-versal-virt Xilinx Versal Virtual development board
xlnx-zcu102 Xilinx ZynqMP ZCU102 board with 4xA53s and 2xR5Fs based on the value of smp
z2 Zipit Z2 (PXA27x)
(base) chehejia@microos-20-19:~/work/linux/linux-5.10$
11.2 查看device列表
(base) chehejia@microos-20-19:~/work/linux/linux-5.10$ sudo qemu-system-aarch64 -device help
Controller/Bridge/Hub devices:
name "cxl-downstream", bus PCI, desc "CXL Switch Downstream Port"
name "cxl-rp", bus PCI, desc "CXL Root Port"
name "cxl-upstream", bus PCI, desc "CXL Switch Upstream Port"
name "i82801b11-bridge", bus PCI
name "ioh3420", bus PCI, desc "Intel IOH device id 3420 PCIE Root Port"
name "pci-bridge", bus PCI, desc "Standard PCI Bridge"
name "pci-bridge-seat", bus PCI, desc "Standard PCI Bridge (multiseat)"
name "pcie-pci-bridge", bus PCI
name "pcie-root-port", bus PCI, desc "PCI Express Root Port"
name "pxb", bus PCI, desc "PCI Expander Bridge"
name "pxb-cxl", bus PCI, desc "CXL Host Bridge"
name "pxb-pcie", bus PCI, desc "PCI Express Expander Bridge"
name "usb-hub", bus usb-bus
name "x3130-upstream", bus PCI, desc "TI X3130 Upstream Port of PCI Express Switch"
name "xio3130-downstream", bus PCI, desc "TI X3130 Downstream Port of PCI Express Switch"
USB devices:
name "ich9-usb-ehci1", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-ehci2", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci1", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci2", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci3", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci4", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci5", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci6", bus PCI
name "nec-usb-xhci", bus PCI
name "pci-ohci", bus PCI, desc "Apple USB Controller"
name "piix3-usb-uhci", bus PCI
name "piix4-usb-uhci", bus PCI
name "qemu-xhci", bus PCI
name "usb-ehci", bus PCI
Storage devices:
name "am53c974", bus PCI, desc "AMD Am53c974 PCscsi-PCI SCSI adapter"
name "cxl-type3", bus PCI, desc "CXL PMEM Device (Type 3)"
name "dc390", bus PCI, desc "Tekram DC-390 SCSI adapter"
name "ich9-ahci", bus PCI, alias "ahci"
name "ide-cd", bus IDE, desc "virtual IDE CD-ROM"
name "ide-hd", bus IDE, desc "virtual IDE disk"
name "lsi53c810", bus PCI
name "lsi53c895a", bus PCI, alias "lsi"
name "megasas", bus PCI, desc "LSI MegaRAID SAS 1078"
name "megasas-gen2", bus PCI, desc "LSI MegaRAID SAS 2108"
name "mptsas1068", bus PCI, desc "LSI SAS 1068"
name "nand"
name "nvdimm", desc "DIMM memory module"
name "nvme", bus PCI, desc "Non-Volatile Memory Express"
name "nvme-ns", bus nvme-bus, desc "Virtual NVMe namespace"
name "nvme-subsys", desc "Virtual NVMe subsystem"
name "pvscsi", bus PCI
name "scsi-block", bus SCSI, desc "SCSI block device passthrough"
name "scsi-cd", bus SCSI, desc "virtual SCSI CD-ROM"
name "scsi-generic", bus SCSI, desc "pass through generic scsi device (/dev/sg*)"
name "scsi-hd", bus SCSI, desc "virtual SCSI disk"
name "sd-card", bus sd-bus
name "sdhci-pci", bus PCI
name "usb-bot", bus usb-bus
name "usb-mtp", bus usb-bus, desc "USB Media Transfer Protocol device"
name "usb-storage", bus usb-bus
name "usb-uas", bus usb-bus
name "vhost-scsi", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-scsi-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-scsi-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-scsi-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-blk", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-blk-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-blk-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-blk-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-fs-device", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-fs-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-scsi", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-scsi-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-scsi-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-scsi-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-blk-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-blk-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-blk"
name "virtio-blk-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-blk-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-scsi-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-scsi-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-scsi"
name "virtio-scsi-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-scsi-pci-transitional", bus PCI
Network devices:
name "e1000", bus PCI, alias "e1000-82540em", desc "Intel Gigabit Ethernet"
name "e1000-82544gc", bus PCI, desc "Intel Gigabit Ethernet"
name "e1000-82545em", bus PCI, desc "Intel Gigabit Ethernet"
name "e1000e", bus PCI, desc "Intel 82574L GbE Controller"
name "i82550", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82550 Ethernet"
name "i82551", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82551 Ethernet"
name "i82557a", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82557A Ethernet"
name "i82557b", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82557B Ethernet"
name "i82557c", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82557C Ethernet"
name "i82558a", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82558A Ethernet"
name "i82558b", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82558B Ethernet"
name "i82559a", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82559A Ethernet"
name "i82559b", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82559B Ethernet"
name "i82559c", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82559C Ethernet"
name "i82559er", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82559ER Ethernet"
name "i82562", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82562 Ethernet"
name "i82801", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82801 Ethernet"
name "ne2k_pci", bus PCI
name "pcnet", bus PCI
name "rocker", bus PCI, desc "Rocker Switch"
name "rtl8139", bus PCI
name "tulip", bus PCI
name "usb-net", bus usb-bus
name "virtio-net-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-net-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-net"
name "virtio-net-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-net-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "vmxnet3", bus PCI, desc "VMWare Paravirtualized Ethernet v3"
Input devices:
name "ads7846", bus SSI
name "ipoctal232", bus IndustryPack, desc "GE IP-Octal 232 8-channel RS-232 IndustryPack"
name "pci-serial", bus PCI
name "pci-serial-2x", bus PCI
name "pci-serial-4x", bus PCI
name "tpci200", bus PCI, desc "TEWS TPCI200 IndustryPack carrier"
name "usb-braille", bus usb-bus
name "usb-ccid", bus usb-bus, desc "CCID Rev 1.1 smartcard reader"
name "usb-kbd", bus usb-bus
name "usb-mouse", bus usb-bus
name "usb-serial", bus usb-bus
name "usb-tablet", bus usb-bus
name "usb-wacom-tablet", bus usb-bus, desc "QEMU PenPartner Tablet"
name "vhost-user-i2c-device", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-i2c-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-input", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-input-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-rng", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-rng-pci", bus PCI
name "virtconsole", bus virtio-serial-bus
name "virtio-input-host-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-input-host-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-input-host"
name "virtio-keyboard-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-keyboard-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-keyboard"
name "virtio-mouse-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-mouse-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-mouse"
name "virtio-serial-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-serial-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-serial"
name "virtio-serial-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-serial-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-tablet-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-tablet-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-tablet"
name "virtserialport", bus virtio-serial-bus
Display devices:
name "ati-vga", bus PCI
name "bochs-display", bus PCI
name "cirrus-vga", bus PCI, desc "Cirrus CLGD 54xx VGA"
name "led", desc "LED"
name "ramfb", bus System, desc "ram framebuffer standalone device"
name "secondary-vga", bus PCI
name "ssd0323", bus SSI
name "VGA", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-gpu", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-gpu-pci", bus PCI
name "virtio-gpu-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-gpu-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-gpu"
name "vmware-svga", bus PCI
Sound devices:
name "AC97", bus PCI, alias "ac97", desc "Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio"
name "ES1370", bus PCI, alias "es1370", desc "ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370"
name "hda-duplex", bus HDA, desc "HDA Audio Codec, duplex (line-out, line-in)"
name "hda-micro", bus HDA, desc "HDA Audio Codec, duplex (speaker, microphone)"
name "hda-output", bus HDA, desc "HDA Audio Codec, output-only (line-out)"
name "ich9-intel-hda", bus PCI, desc "Intel HD Audio Controller (ich9)"
name "intel-hda", bus PCI, desc "Intel HD Audio Controller (ich6)"
name "usb-audio", bus usb-bus
Misc devices:
name "acpi-erst", bus PCI, desc "ACPI Error Record Serialization Table (ERST) device"
name "adm1272", bus i2c-bus, desc "Analog Devices ADM1272 Hot Swap controller"
name "aspeed.i2c.slave", bus i2c-bus, desc "Aspeed I2C Bus Slave"
name "at24c-eeprom", bus i2c-bus
name "ctucan_pci", bus PCI, desc "CTU CAN PCI"
name "dpcd", bus aux-bus
name "dps310", bus i2c-bus
name "ds1338", bus i2c-bus
name "edu", bus PCI
name "emc1413", bus i2c-bus
name "emc1414", bus i2c-bus
name "guest-loader", desc "Guest Loader"
name "i2c-ddc", bus i2c-bus
name "isl69259", bus i2c-bus, desc "Renesas ISL69259 Digital Multiphase Voltage Regulator"
name "isl69260", bus i2c-bus, desc "Renesas ISL69260 Digital Multiphase Voltage Regulator"
name "ivshmem-doorbell", bus PCI, desc "Inter-VM shared memory"
name "ivshmem-plain", bus PCI, desc "Inter-VM shared memory"
name "kvaser_pci", bus PCI, desc "Kvaser PCICANx"
name "lm8323", bus i2c-bus
name "loader", desc "Generic Loader"
name "lsm303dlhc_mag", bus i2c-bus
name "m41t80", bus i2c-bus
name "max1110", bus SSI
name "max1111", bus SSI
name "max31785", bus i2c-bus, desc "Maxim MAX31785 6-Channel Fan Controller"
name "max34451", bus i2c-bus, desc "Maxim MAX34451 16-Channel V/I monitor"
name "max7310", bus i2c-bus
name "mioe3680_pci", bus PCI, desc "Mioe3680 PCICANx"
name "pca9546", bus i2c-bus, desc "Pca954x i2c-mux"
name "pca9548", bus i2c-bus, desc "Pca954x i2c-mux"
name "pca9552", bus i2c-bus
name "pci-testdev", bus PCI, desc "PCI Test Device"
name "pcm3680_pci", bus PCI, desc "Pcm3680i PCICANx"
name "pvpanic-pci", bus PCI
name "pxa2xx-i2c-slave", bus i2c-bus
name "raa228000", bus i2c-bus, desc "Renesas 228000 Digital Multiphase Voltage Regulator"
name "raa229004", bus i2c-bus, desc "Renesas 229004 Digital Multiphase Voltage Regulator"
name "sii9022", bus i2c-bus
name "ssd0303", bus i2c-bus
name "tmp105", bus i2c-bus
name "tmp421", bus i2c-bus
name "tmp422", bus i2c-bus
name "tmp423", bus i2c-bus
name "tosa_dac", bus i2c-bus
name "tpm-tis-device", bus System
name "twl92230", bus i2c-bus
name "u2f-passthru", bus usb-bus, desc "QEMU U2F passthrough key"
name "vfio-amd-xgbe", bus System, desc "VFIO AMD XGBE"
name "vfio-calxeda-xgmac", bus System, desc "VFIO Calxeda XGMAC"
name "vfio-pci", bus PCI, desc "VFIO-based PCI device assignment"
name "vfio-pci-nohotplug", bus PCI, desc "VFIO-based PCI device assignment"
name "vfio-platform", bus System, desc "VFIO-based platform device assignment"
name "vhost-user-vsock-device", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-vsock-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-vsock-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-vsock-device", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-vsock-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-vsock-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-balloon-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-balloon-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-balloon"
name "virtio-balloon-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-balloon-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-crypto-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-crypto-pci", bus PCI
name "virtio-iommu-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-iommu-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-iommu"
name "virtio-mem", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-mem-pci", bus PCI
name "virtio-rng-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-rng-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-rng"
name "virtio-rng-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-rng-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "vmcoreinfo"
name "wm8750", bus i2c-bus
Watchdog devices:
name "i6300esb", bus PCI, desc "Intel 6300ESB"
Uncategorized devices:
name "160s33b", bus SSI
name "320s33b", bus SSI
name "640s33b", bus SSI
name "at25128a-nonjedec", bus SSI
name "at25256a-nonjedec", bus SSI
name "at25df041a", bus SSI
name "at25df321a", bus SSI
name "at25df641", bus SSI
name "at25fs010", bus SSI
name "at25fs040", bus SSI
name "at26df081a", bus SSI
name "at26df161a", bus SSI
name "at26df321", bus SSI
name "at26f004", bus SSI
name "at45db081d", bus SSI
name "bcm2835-cprman-clock-mux"
name "bcm2835-cprman-dsi0hsck-mux"
name "bcm2835-cprman-pll"
name "bcm2835-cprman-pll-channel"
name "corgi-ssp", bus SSI
name "en25f32", bus SSI
name "en25p32", bus SSI
name "en25p64", bus SSI
name "en25q32b", bus SSI
name "en25q64", bus SSI
name "gd25q32", bus SSI
name "gd25q64", bus SSI
name "is25lp016d", bus SSI
name "is25lp032", bus SSI
name "is25lp064", bus SSI
name "is25lp080d", bus SSI
name "is25lp128", bus SSI
name "is25lp256", bus SSI
name "is25lq040b", bus SSI
name "is25wp032", bus SSI
name "is25wp064", bus SSI
name "is25wp128", bus SSI
name "is25wp256", bus SSI
name "m25p05", bus SSI
name "m25p10", bus SSI
name "m25p128", bus SSI
name "m25p16", bus SSI
name "m25p20", bus SSI
name "m25p32", bus SSI
name "m25p40", bus SSI
name "m25p64", bus SSI
name "m25p80", bus SSI
name "m25pe16", bus SSI
name "m25pe20", bus SSI
name "m25pe80", bus SSI
name "m25px32", bus SSI
name "m25px32-s0", bus SSI
name "m25px32-s1", bus SSI
name "m25px64", bus SSI
name "m45pe10", bus SSI
name "m45pe16", bus SSI
name "m45pe80", bus SSI
name "mt25ql01g", bus SSI
name "mt25ql02g", bus SSI
name "mt25ql512ab", bus SSI
name "mt25qu01g", bus SSI
name "mt25qu02g", bus SSI
name "mt35xu01g", bus SSI
name "mx25l12805d", bus SSI
name "mx25l12855e", bus SSI
name "mx25l1606e", bus SSI
name "mx25l2005a", bus SSI
name "mx25l25635e", bus SSI
name "mx25l25655e", bus SSI
name "mx25l3205d", bus SSI
name "mx25l4005a", bus SSI
name "mx25l6405d", bus SSI
name "mx25l8005", bus SSI
name "mx66l1g45g", bus SSI
name "mx66l51235f", bus SSI
name "mx66u1g45g", bus SSI
name "mx66u51235f", bus SSI
name "n25q00", bus SSI
name "n25q00a", bus SSI
name "n25q032", bus SSI
name "n25q032a11", bus SSI
name "n25q032a13", bus SSI
name "n25q064", bus SSI
name "n25q064a11", bus SSI
name "n25q064a13", bus SSI
name "n25q128", bus SSI
name "n25q128a11", bus SSI
name "n25q128a13", bus SSI
name "n25q256a", bus SSI
name "n25q256a11", bus SSI
name "n25q256a13", bus SSI
name "n25q512a", bus SSI
name "n25q512a11", bus SSI
name "n25q512a13", bus SSI
name "n25q512ax3", bus SSI
name "npcm7xx-clock-divider", desc "NPCM7xx Clock Divider Module"
name "npcm7xx-clock-pll", desc "NPCM7xx Clock PLL Module"
name "npcm7xx-clock-sel", desc "NPCM7xx Clock SEL Module"
name "pc-dimm", desc "DIMM memory module"
name "s25fl016k", bus SSI
name "s25fl064k", bus SSI
name "s25fl129p0", bus SSI
name "s25fl129p1", bus SSI
name "s25fl256s0", bus SSI
name "s25fl256s1", bus SSI
name "s25fl512s", bus SSI
name "s25fs512s", bus SSI
name "s25sl004a", bus SSI
name "s25sl008a", bus SSI
name "s25sl016a", bus SSI
name "s25sl032a", bus SSI
name "s25sl032p", bus SSI
name "s25sl064a", bus SSI
name "s25sl064p", bus SSI
name "s25sl12800", bus SSI
name "s25sl12801", bus SSI
name "s70fl01gs", bus SSI
name "s70fs01gs", bus SSI
name "spitz-lcdtg", bus SSI
name "sst25vf016b", bus SSI
name "sst25vf032b", bus SSI
name "sst25vf040b", bus SSI
name "sst25vf080b", bus SSI
name "sst25wf010", bus SSI
name "sst25wf020", bus SSI
name "sst25wf040", bus SSI
name "sst25wf080", bus SSI
name "sst25wf512", bus SSI
name "tosa-ssp", bus SSI
name "w25q01jvq", bus SSI
name "w25q256", bus SSI
name "w25q32", bus SSI
name "w25q32dw", bus SSI
name "w25q512jv", bus SSI
name "w25q64", bus SSI
name "w25q80", bus SSI
name "w25q80bl", bus SSI
name "w25x10", bus SSI
name "w25x16", bus SSI
name "w25x20", bus SSI
name "w25x32", bus SSI
name "w25x40", bus SSI
name "w25x64", bus SSI
name "w25x80", bus SSI
name "xlnx,efuse"
(base) chehejia@microos-20-19:~/work/linux/linux-5.10$
12 常用参数的解释
sudo qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -cpu cortex-a57 -machine type=virt -m 1024 -smp 4 -kernel arch/arm64/boot/Image --append "noinitrd root=/dev/vda rw console=ttyAMA0 loglevel=8" -drive if=none,file=rootfs.ext4,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 -netdev tap,ifname=eth0,script=/etc/qemu-ifup,id=eth0 -device virtio-net-device,netdev=eth0 -nographic
-m 设置内存大小
-nographic 设置为无图像模式
-cpu 设置CPU型号
-machine virt 设置机器型号为QEMU ARM Virtual Machine
-smp 设置CPU核数和线程数
-kernel 设置linux内核镜像
-initrd 设置文件系统
-fsdev和-device 使用9p virtio支持virtfs共享上当，其中${FILESYS_PATH}为Host主机中共享目录的路径
-append 设置linux内核启动命令
-netdev 设置网卡的相关属性
参考资料：
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