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? ? ? ? 与数组相似,链表也是一种线性数据结构。这里有一个例子:
? ? ? ? 正如你所看到的,链表中的每个元素实际上是一个单独的对象,而所有对象都通过每个元素中的引用字段链接在一起。
? ? ? ? 链表有两种类型:单链表和双链表。上面给出的例子是一个单链表,这里有一个双链表的例子:
? ? ? ? 代码实现:
package createlist;
class Node {
int data;
Node next = null;
public Node() {
}
public Node(int data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
public class CRUDList {
private static Node head = null;
private static Node tail = null;
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
addList(i);
//addFirstList(i);
}
System.out.println("链表的遍历:");
printList(head);
System.out.println("链表的长度:");
System.out.println(getLength(head));
System.out.println("查询链表(index = 1):");
System.out.println(getList(head, 1));
System.out.println("修改链表(index =1):");
System.out.println(updateList(head, 1, 4));
System.out.println("查看修改后的链表");
printList(head);
System.out.println("删除链表(index = 1):");
System.out.println(deleteList(1));
printList(head);
System.out.println("插入链表(index = 1):");
System.out.println(insertList(1, 6));
printList(head);
}
//尾部插入法添加链表
private static void addList(int data) {
Node node = new Node(data);
if (head == null) {//head为空时,把第一个节点作为头结点和尾结点
head = node;
tail = node;
} else {//有了头结点之后,处理尾结点,把新增的节点放在尾结点的后面,尾结点向后移动一位(要一直处于链表的末尾处)
tail.next = node;
tail = tail.next;
}
}
//头部插入法添加链表
private static void addFirstList(int data){
Node node = new Node(data);
if(head == null){
head = node;
}else{
node.next = head;
head = node;
}
}
//打印链表
private static void printList(Node head) {
if (head != null) {//链表不为空,循环遍历链表
Node temp = head;//作为临时节点
while (temp != null) {
System.out.print(temp.data + " ");
temp = temp.next;//不断的后移,直到节点的下一位为空时,停止
}
System.out.println();
} else {
System.out.println("链表为空");
}
}
//获取链表长度
private static int getLength(Node head) {
Node temp = head;//新增一个临时节点
int length = 0;
while (temp != null) {
length++;
temp = temp.next;
}
return length;
}
//获取链表中第index个节点的值,索引无效返回-1
private static int getList(Node head, int index) {
if (index < 1 || index > getLength(head)) {
System.out.print("索引无效:");
return -1;
}
Node temp = head;
for (int i = 1; i < index; i++) {
temp = temp.next;
}
return temp.data;
}
//修改链表中第index个节点的值,索引无效返回false
private static boolean updateList(Node head, int index, int data) {
if (index < 1 || index > getLength(head)) {
System.out.print("索引无效:");
return false;
}
Node temp = head;
for (int i = 1; i < index; i++) {
temp = temp.next;
}
temp.data = data;
return true;
}
//删除链表中第index个节点的值,索引无效返回false
private static boolean deleteList(int index) {
if (index < 1 || index > getLength(head)) {
System.out.print("索引无效:");
return false;
}
if (index == 1) {
//删除第一个节点时,首节点要后移
head = head.next;
return true;
}
Node temp = head;
for (int i = 2; i < index; i++) {
temp = temp.next;
}
temp.next = temp.next.next;
return true;
}
//按索引插入一个节点
private static boolean insertList(int index, int data) {
if (index < 1 || index > getLength(head) + 1) {
System.out.print("索引无效:");
return false;
}
Node node = new Node(data);
if (index == 1) {
//插入的节点为首节点时
node.next = head;
head = node;
return true;
}
Node temp = head;
for (int i = 2; i < index; i++) {
temp = temp.next;
}
node.next = temp.next;
temp.next = node;
return true;
}
}
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