- 插入排序
?空间复杂度:O(1)
时间复杂度:
Best case:have sorted?=> O(n)
Worset case:reverse sorted => O(n^2)
Average case:O(n^2)
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void insertionsort(int a[], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
{
if (a[i] < a[i - 1])
{
a[0] = a[i];
for (j = i - 1; a[j] > a[0]; --j)
{
a[j + 1] = a[j];
}
a[j + 1] = a[0];
}
}
}
int main()
{
int i, a[100], n;
scanf_s("%d", &n);
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
cin >> a[i];
}
insertionsort(&a[0], n);
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
cout << a[i];
}
return 0;
}
该算法为带哨兵版本,即空出数组a[0]位作为哨兵存储key值, 从而避免每次内循环需判断j>=0的问题 (该版本提升不明显,没必要使用)
出现的错误:调用函数时写成&a[0]。应注意&a[0]与&a[100]的区别
????????2.归并排序
核心操作:把数组内两个有序数列归并为一个(也可能为两个独立数字归并)
例:A[low ... mid] 与 A[mid + 1... high] 归并
/****
把多个已经有序的数列合并成一个
核心:二路归并
****/
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int n;
void Merge(int A[], int low, int mid, int high)
{
int i, j, k;
int *B = new(int [n]); //辅助数组
for (k = low; k <= high; k++)
{
B[k] = A[k]; //将A复制到B
}
for (i = low, j = mid + 1, k = i; i <= mid && j <= high; k++) //归并
{
if (B[i] <= B[j])
A[k] = B[i++];
else
A[k] = B[j++];
}
while (i <= mid) A[k++] = B[i++];
while (j <= high) A[k++] = B[j++]; //仅剩一个数列时,直接复制下来
delete[] B;
}
void Mergesort(int A[], int low, int high)
{
if (low < high)
{
int mid = (low + high) / 2;
Mergesort(A, low, mid);
Mergesort(A, mid + 1, high);
Merge(A, low, mid, high);
}
}
//Mergesort可对一个无序数列进行归并排序,利用递归拆分为两两归并
int main()
{
int A[100], i, low = 0, mid = 2, high = 5;
cin >> n;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cin >> A[i];
}
Mergesort(&A[0], low, high);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << A[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}
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