[数据结构与算法]如何实现对不同数据类型的多/单波段Tiff图像的归一化

归一化是图像数据预处理的常用手段，然而Tiff图像存在多/单波段类型，且数据格式多样化，这为数据处理带来了不少的麻烦。为了便于后期的工作，笔者使用C++语言基于GDAL外部库处理Tiff图像，实现Tiff图像的归一化功能。

直接上代码：

#include "gdal_priv.h"
#include "ogrsf_frmts.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace alglib;
using namespace std;

//多类型多/单波段归一化
//initialTiff：原始数据存放路径  newTiff：处理后数据存放路径
void normalizedTiff(std::string initialTiff, std::string newTiff)
{
	GDALAllRegister();
	//设置支持中文路径
	CPLSetConfigOption("GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8", "NO");

	const char * pszFile = initialTiff.c_str();
	GDALDataset *poDataset = (GDALDataset*)GDALOpen(pszFile, GA_ReadOnly);//使用只读方式打开图像 
	if (!poDataset)
	{
		printf("File: %s不能打开！\n", pszFile);
	}


	//仿射参数
	double padfTransform0[6];
	if (poDataset->GetGeoTransform(padfTransform0) == CE_Failure)
	{
		printf("获取仿射变换参数失败");
	}
	int iImgSizeX0 = poDataset->GetRasterXSize();
	int iImgSizeY0 = poDataset->GetRasterYSize();
	int nCount = poDataset->GetRasterCount(); 	//影像的波段数
	GDALDataType gdal_data_type = poDataset->GetRasterBand(1)->GetRasterDataType();//获取栅格类型
	double dnodata = poDataset->GetRasterBand(1)->GetNoDataValue();//获取空值对应大小
	int *panBandMap = new int[nCount];
	for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
	{
		panBandMap[i] = i + 1;
	}
	switch (gdal_data_type)
	{
	case GDT_Byte:
	{
		unsigned char *pUC_afScanblock1 = new unsigned char[iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 * nCount];
		poDataset->RasterIO(GF_Read, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pUC_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);
		
		vector<double>vMax;
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			//获取每个波段最大值
			double dMax = -999999999999999;
			for (int j=0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (dMax < (double)pUC_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0+j] && abs((double)pUC_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata)>0.000001)
				{
					dMax = (double)pUC_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j];
				}
			}
			vMax.push_back(dMax);
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (abs((double)pUC_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata) > 0.000001)
				{
					pUC_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] = pUC_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] / vMax[i];
				}
			}
		}

		vMax.clear();

		//写入新的tif
		const char* pszDstFilename = newTiff.c_str();
		GDALDriver* poDriver = GetGDALDriverManager()->GetDriverByName("GTiff");
		GDALDataset* poDstDS = poDriver->Create(pszDstFilename, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, nCount, gdal_data_type, NULL);
		poDstDS->SetProjection(poDataset->GetProjectionRef());//给它设置投影
		poDstDS->SetGeoTransform(padfTransform0);//给设置空间转换的六参数
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			poDstDS->GetRasterBand(i+1)->SetNoDataValue(dnodata);//将空值设置为“无数据值”
		}
		//保存全波段影像
		poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Write, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pUC_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);

		//释放内存
		GDALClose(poDstDS);
		GDALClose(poDataset);
		delete[]pUC_afScanblock1;
		break;
	}

	case GDT_UInt16:
	{
		//unsigned short *pafScanblock1;
		unsigned short *pUS_afScanblock1 = new unsigned short[iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 * nCount];
		poDataset->RasterIO(GF_Read, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pUS_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);
		vector<double>vMax;
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			//获取每个波段最大值
			double dMax = -999999999999999;
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (dMax < (double)pUS_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] && abs((double)pUS_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata)>0.000001)
				{
					dMax = (double)pUS_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j];
				}
			}
			vMax.push_back(dMax);
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (abs((double)pUS_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata) > 0.000001)
				{
					pUS_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] = pUS_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] / vMax[i];
				}
			}
		}
		vMax.clear();

		//写入新的tif
		const char* pszDstFilename = newTiff.c_str();
		GDALDriver* poDriver = GetGDALDriverManager()->GetDriverByName("GTiff");
		GDALDataset* poDstDS = poDriver->Create(pszDstFilename, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, nCount, gdal_data_type, NULL);
		poDstDS->SetProjection(poDataset->GetProjectionRef());//给它设置投影
		poDstDS->SetGeoTransform(padfTransform0);//给设置空间转换的六参数
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			poDstDS->GetRasterBand(i + 1)->SetNoDataValue(dnodata);//将空值设置为“无数据值”
		}
		//保存全波段影像
		poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Write, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pUS_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);

		//释放内存
		GDALClose(poDstDS);
		GDALClose(poDataset);
		delete[]pUS_afScanblock1;
		break;
	}

	case GDT_Int16:
	{
		//	short int *pafScanblock1;
		short int*pSI_afScanblock1 = new short int[iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 * nCount];
		poDataset->RasterIO(GF_Read, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pSI_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);
		vector<double>vMax;
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			//获取每个波段最大值
			double dMax = -999999999999999;
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (dMax < (double)pSI_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] && abs((double)pSI_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata)>0.000001)
				{
					dMax = (double)pSI_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j];
				}
			}
			vMax.push_back(dMax);
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (abs((double)pSI_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata) > 0.000001)
				{
					pSI_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] = pSI_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] / vMax[i];
				}
			}
		}
		vMax.clear();

		//写入新的tif
		const char* pszDstFilename = newTiff.c_str();
		GDALDriver* poDriver = GetGDALDriverManager()->GetDriverByName("GTiff");
		GDALDataset* poDstDS = poDriver->Create(pszDstFilename, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, nCount, gdal_data_type, NULL);
		poDstDS->SetProjection(poDataset->GetProjectionRef());//给它设置投影
		poDstDS->SetGeoTransform(padfTransform0);//给设置空间转换的六参数
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			poDstDS->GetRasterBand(i + 1)->SetNoDataValue(dnodata);//将空值设置为“无数据值”
		}
		//保存全波段影像
		poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Write, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pSI_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);

		//释放内存
		GDALClose(poDstDS);
		GDALClose(poDataset);
		delete[]pSI_afScanblock1;
		break;
	}

	case GDT_UInt32:
	{
		//	unsigned long *pafScanblock1;
		unsigned long*pUL_afScanblock1 = new unsigned long[iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 * nCount];
		poDataset->RasterIO(GF_Read, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pUL_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);
		vector<double>vMax;
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			//获取每个波段最大值
			double dMax = -999999999999999;
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (dMax < (double)pUL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] && abs((double)pUL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata)>0.000001)
				{
					dMax = (double)pUL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j];
				}
			}
			vMax.push_back(dMax);
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (abs((double)pUL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata) > 0.000001)
				{
					pUL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] = pUL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] / vMax[i];
				}
			}
		}
		vMax.clear();

		//写入新的tif
		const char* pszDstFilename = newTiff.c_str();
		GDALDriver* poDriver = GetGDALDriverManager()->GetDriverByName("GTiff");
		GDALDataset* poDstDS = poDriver->Create(pszDstFilename, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, nCount, gdal_data_type, NULL);
		poDstDS->SetProjection(poDataset->GetProjectionRef());//给它设置投影
		poDstDS->SetGeoTransform(padfTransform0);//给设置空间转换的六参数
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			poDstDS->GetRasterBand(i + 1)->SetNoDataValue(dnodata);//将空值设置为“无数据值”
		}
		//保存全波段影像
		poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Write, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pUL_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);

		//释放内存
		GDALClose(poDstDS);
		GDALClose(poDataset);
		delete[]pUL_afScanblock1;
		break;
	}

	case GDT_Int32:
	{
		//	long *pafScanblock1;
		long *pL_afScanblock1 = new long[iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 * nCount];
		poDataset->RasterIO(GF_Read, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pL_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);
		vector<double>vMax;
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			//获取每个波段最大值
			double dMax = -999999999999999;
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (dMax < (double)pL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] && abs((double)pL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata)>0.000001)
				{
					dMax = (double)pL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j];
				}
			}
			vMax.push_back(dMax);
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (abs((double)pL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata) > 0.000001)
				{
					pL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] = pL_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] / vMax[i];
				}
			}
		}
		vMax.clear();

		//写入新的tif
		const char* pszDstFilename = newTiff.c_str();
		GDALDriver* poDriver = GetGDALDriverManager()->GetDriverByName("GTiff");
		GDALDataset* poDstDS = poDriver->Create(pszDstFilename, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, nCount, gdal_data_type, NULL);
		poDstDS->SetProjection(poDataset->GetProjectionRef());//给它设置投影
		poDstDS->SetGeoTransform(padfTransform0);//给设置空间转换的六参数
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			poDstDS->GetRasterBand(i + 1)->SetNoDataValue(dnodata);//将空值设置为“无数据值”
		}
		//保存全波段影像
		poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Write, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pL_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);

		//释放内存
		GDALClose(poDstDS);
		GDALClose(poDataset);
		delete[]pL_afScanblock1;
		break;
	}
	case GDT_Float32:
	{
		float *pF_afScanblock1 = new float[iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 * nCount];
		poDataset->RasterIO(GF_Read, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pF_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);
		vector<double>vMax;
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			//获取每个波段最大值
			double dMax = -999999999999999;
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (dMax < (double)pF_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] && abs((double)pF_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata)>0.000001)
				{
					dMax = (double)pF_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j];
				}
			}
			vMax.push_back(dMax);
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (abs((double)pF_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata) > 0.000001)
				{
					pF_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] = pF_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] / vMax[i];
				}
			}
		}
		vMax.clear();

		//写入新的tif
		const char* pszDstFilename = newTiff.c_str();
		GDALDriver* poDriver = GetGDALDriverManager()->GetDriverByName("GTiff");
		GDALDataset* poDstDS = poDriver->Create(pszDstFilename, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, nCount, gdal_data_type, NULL);
		poDstDS->SetProjection(poDataset->GetProjectionRef());//给它设置投影
		poDstDS->SetGeoTransform(padfTransform0);//给设置空间转换的六参数
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			poDstDS->GetRasterBand(i + 1)->SetNoDataValue(dnodata);//将空值设置为“无数据值”
		}
		//保存全波段影像
		poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Write, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pF_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);

		//释放内存
		GDALClose(poDstDS);
		GDALClose(poDataset);
		delete[]pF_afScanblock1;
		break;
	}
	case GDT_Float64:
	{
		//	double *pafScanblock1;
		double *pD_afScanblock1 = new double[iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 *nCount];
		poDataset->RasterIO(GF_Read, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pD_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);
		vector<double>vMax;
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			//获取每个波段最大值
			double dMax = -999999999999999;
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (dMax < (double)pD_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] && abs((double)pD_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata)>0.000001)
				{
					dMax = (double)pD_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j];
				}
			}
			vMax.push_back(dMax);
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			for (int j = 0; j < iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0; j++)
			{
				if (abs((double)pD_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] - dnodata) > 0.000001)
				{
					pD_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] = pD_afScanblock1[i*iImgSizeX0*iImgSizeY0 + j] / vMax[i];
				}
			}
		}
		vMax.clear();

		//写入新的tif
		const char* pszDstFilename = newTiff.c_str();
		GDALDriver* poDriver = GetGDALDriverManager()->GetDriverByName("GTiff");
		GDALDataset* poDstDS = poDriver->Create(pszDstFilename, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, nCount, gdal_data_type, NULL);
		poDstDS->SetProjection(poDataset->GetProjectionRef());//给它设置投影
		poDstDS->SetGeoTransform(padfTransform0);//给设置空间转换的六参数
		for (int i = 0; i < nCount; i++)
		{
			poDstDS->GetRasterBand(i + 1)->SetNoDataValue(dnodata);//将空值设置为“无数据值”
		}
		//保存全波段影像
		poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Write, 0, 0, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, pD_afScanblock1, iImgSizeX0, iImgSizeY0, gdal_data_type, nCount, panBandMap, 0, 0, 0);

		//释放内存
		GDALClose(poDstDS);
		GDALClose(poDataset);
		delete[]pD_afScanblock1;
		break;
	}
	default: break;
	}
	delete[]panBandMap;
}