| 温习数据结构与算法,准备一些比赛,为了学业和就业,以及提升自己的编程能力,将系统的刷刷算法,入手c++跟着carl,leetcode刷题笔记将持续更新… 链表定义链表节点方式,如下所示: 
struct ListNode {
    int val;  
    ListNode *next;  
    ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}  
};
 通过自己定义构造函数初始化节点: ListNode* head = new ListNode(5);
 使用默认构造函数初始化节点: ListNode* head = new ListNode();
head->val = 5;
 203.移除链表元素力扣题目链接 统一的逻辑来移除链表的节点(指若移除头结点),设置一个虚拟头结点 class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* removeElements(ListNode* head, int val) {
        ListNode* dummyHead = new ListNode(0); 
        dummyHead->next = head; 
        ListNode* cur = dummyHead;
        while (cur->next != NULL) {
            if(cur->next->val == val) {
                ListNode* tmp = cur->next;
                cur->next = cur->next->next;
                delete tmp;
            } else {
                cur = cur->next;
            }
        }
        head = dummyHead->next;
        delete dummyHead;
        return head; 
    }
};
 707.设计链表力扣题目链接 创建了结构体结点struct ListnodeListnode含有三种初始化列表(无参,单参,双参)
 创建了自定义链表类MyLinkedList,成员变量有struct Listnode *head作为头结点,int size保存链表长度
 MyLinkedList无参构造函数–新建头结点,size初始化
 int get(int index)–顺序遍历到索引为index的结点,返回val
 void addHead(int val)–先断开头结点与首结点,再连接newNode与首结点,最后连接头结点与newNode
 addAtTail–可顺序遍历到最后结点,也可在MyLinkedList中增加尾结点
 addAtIndex–顺序遍历到[index - 1],断开[index - 1]与[index],连接新结点和index,再连接index - 1与新结点
 deleteAtIndex–顺序遍历到index,将index - 1直接与index + 1相连接,然后删除index
 class MyLinkedList {
public:
    
    struct LinkedNode {
        int val;
        LinkedNode* next;
        LinkedNode(int val):val(val), next(nullptr){}
    };
    
    MyLinkedList() {
        _dummyHead = new LinkedNode(0); 
        _size = 0;
    }
    
    int get(int index) {
        if (index > (_size - 1) || index < 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        LinkedNode* cur = _dummyHead->next;
        while(index--){ 
            cur = cur->next;
        }
        return cur->val;
    }
    
    void addAtHead(int val) {
        LinkedNode* newNode = new LinkedNode(val);
        newNode->next = _dummyHead->next;
        _dummyHead->next = newNode;
        _size++;
    }
    
    void addAtTail(int val) {
        LinkedNode* newNode = new LinkedNode(val);
        LinkedNode* cur = _dummyHead;
        while(cur->next != nullptr){
            cur = cur->next;
        }
        cur->next = newNode;
        _size++;
    }
    
    
    
    void addAtIndex(int index, int val) {
        if (index > _size) {
            return;
        }
        LinkedNode* newNode = new LinkedNode(val);
        LinkedNode* cur = _dummyHead;
        while(index--) {
            cur = cur->next;
        }
        newNode->next = cur->next;
        cur->next = newNode;
        _size++;
    }
    
    void deleteAtIndex(int index) {
        if (index >= _size || index < 0) {
            return;
        }
        LinkedNode* cur = _dummyHead;
        while(index--) {
            cur = cur ->next;
        }
        LinkedNode* tmp = cur->next;
        cur->next = cur->next->next;
        delete tmp;
        _size--;
    }
    
    void printLinkedList() {
        LinkedNode* cur = _dummyHead;
        while (cur->next != nullptr) {
            cout << cur->next->val << " ";
            cur = cur->next;
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
private:
    int _size;
    LinkedNode* _dummyHead;
};
 206.反转链表力扣题目链接 【法一】双指针法 原地操作,指针反向 最后,cur 指针已经指向了null,循环结束,链表也反转完毕了。 return pre,pre指针就指向了新的头结点。 class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode* temp; 
        ListNode* cur = head;
        ListNode* pre = NULL;
        while(cur) {
            temp = cur->next;  
            cur->next = pre; 
            
            pre = cur;
            cur = temp;
        }
        return pre;
    }
};
 【法二】递归(看成多个头结点和链表) 1.从后往前翻转指针指向 class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
        
        if(head == NULL) return NULL;
        if (head->next == NULL) return head;
        
        
        ListNode *last = reverseList(head->next);
        
        head->next->next = head;
        
        head->next = NULL;
        return last;
    }
}; 
 
 class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* reverse(ListNode* pre,ListNode* cur){
        if(cur == NULL) return pre;
        ListNode* temp = cur->next;
        cur->next = pre;
        
        
        
        return reverse(cur,temp);
    }
    ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
        
        
        
        return reverse(NULL, head);
    }
};
 19.删除链表的倒数第N个节点力扣题目链接 快慢指针,加虚拟头结点,返回删除后的链表 class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* removeNthFromEnd(ListNode* head, int n) {
        ListNode* dummyHead = new ListNode(0);
        dummyHead->next = head;
        ListNode* slow = dummyHead;
        ListNode* fast = dummyHead;
        while(n-- && fast != NULL) {
            fast = fast->next;
        }
        fast = fast->next; 
        while (fast != NULL) {
            fast = fast->next;
            slow = slow->next;
        }
        slow->next = slow->next->next;
        return dummyHead->next;
    }
};
 ListNode* fast = dummyHead+n; 错滴! 面试题 02.07. 链表相交力扣题目链接 求两个链表交点节点的指针。 交点不是数值相等,而是指针相等。 先分别计算出两个链表的长度并计算长度差gap ,之后让较长的链表向前移动 gap步,两个链表尾部对齐(即操作两个链表的指针在同一起点上)。比较curA和curB是否相同,如果不相同,同时向后移动curA和curB,如果遇到curA == curB,则找到交点。 否则循环退出返回空指针。 class Solution {
public:
    ListNode *getIntersectionNode(ListNode *headA, ListNode *headB) {
        ListNode* curA = headA;
        ListNode* curB = headB;
        int lenA = 0, lenB = 0;
        while (curA != NULL) { 
            lenA++;
            curA = curA->next;
        }
        while (curB != NULL) { 
            lenB++;
            curB = curB->next;
        }
        curA = headA;
        curB = headB;
        
        if (lenB > lenA) {
            swap (lenA, lenB);
            swap (curA, curB);
        }
        
        int gap = lenA - lenB;
        
        while (gap--) {
            curA = curA->next;
        }
        
        while (curA != NULL) {
            if (curA == curB) {
                return curA;
            }
            curA = curA->next;
            curB = curB->next;
        }
        return NULL;
    }
};
 142.环形链表II力扣题目链接 判断链表是否环(快慢指针,分别定义 fast 和 slow 指针,从头结点出发,fast指针每次移动两个节点,slow指针每次移动一个节点,如果 fast 和 slow指针在途中相遇 ,说明这个链表有环。)如果有环,如何找到这个环的入口(从头结点出发一个指针,从相遇节点 也出发一个指针,这两个指针每次只走一个节点, 那么当这两个指针相遇的时候就是 环形入口的节点。)数学推导。。。
 class Solution {
public:
    ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
        ListNode* fast = head;
        ListNode* slow = head;
        while(fast != NULL && fast->next != NULL) {
            slow = slow->next;
            fast = fast->next->next;
            
            if (slow == fast) {
                ListNode* index1 = fast;
                ListNode* index2 = head;
                while (index1 != index2) {
                    index1 = index1->next;
                    index2 = index2->next;
                }
                return index2; 
            }
        }
        return NULL;
    }
};
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