[数据结构与算法] MATLAB 绘图总结

开发: C++知识库 Java知识库 JavaScript Python PHP知识库人工智能区块链大数据移动开发嵌入式开发工具数据结构与算法开发测试游戏开发网络协议系统运维
教程: HTML教程 CSS教程 JavaScript教程 Go语言教程 JQuery教程 VUE教程 VUE3教程 Bootstrap教程 SQL数据库教程 C语言教程 C++教程 Java教程 Python教程 Python3教程 C#教程
数码: 电脑笔记本显卡显示器固态硬盘硬盘耳机手机 iphone vivo oppo 小米华为单反装机图拉丁

-> 数据结构与算法 -> MATLAB 绘图总结 -> 正文阅读

[数据结构与算法]MATLAB 绘图总结

文章开始先奉上 @ncepu_Chen 博主优秀笔记：
基础绘图
 高级绘图

Basic Plotting

hold on/off： have both plots in one figure

hold on
plot(cos(0:pi/20:2*pi));
plot(sin(0:pi/20:2*pi));
hold off

Specify Line and Marker Appearance in Plots
legend()、title()、xlable()、ylable()、zlable()

x = 0:0.1:2*pi;
y1 = sin(x);
y2 = exp(-x);
plot(x,y1,'--*',x,y2,':o');
xlabel('t = 0 to 2\pi');
ylabel('values of sin(t) and e^{-x}');
title('Function Plots of sin(t) and e^{-x}');
legend('sin(t)','e^{-x}');

在这里插入图片描述

text()、annotation()

x = linspace(0,3);
y = x.^2.*sin(x);
plot(x,y);
line([2,2],[0,2^2*sin(2)]);
% 输入公式 Latex显示
str = '$$ \int_{0}^{2} x^2\sin(x) dx $$';
text(0.25,2.5,str,'Interpreter','latex');
% annotation范围为图表的[0 1] X表示图表横坐标区间的32%-50%，Y表示图表纵坐标区间的60%-40%
annotation('arrow','X',[0.32,0.5],'Y',[0.6,0.4]);

在这里插入图片描述

Modifying Properties of An Object
- Strategy:
1. Identify the ‘handle’ of an object
  h = plot(x,y)
2. Fetch or modify the object’s properties
  To fetch propoties, use get()
  To modify properties, use set()

x = linspace(0,2*pi,1000);
y = sin(x);
plot(x,y);
h = plot(x,y);
get(h)

AlignVertexCenters: ‘off’
Annotation: [1×1 matlab.graphics.eventdata.Annotation]
BeingDeleted: ‘off’
BusyAction: ‘queue’
ButtonDownFcn: ‘’
Children: [0×0 GraphicsPlaceholder]
Clipping: ‘on’
Color: [0 0.4470 0.7410]
CreateFcn: ‘’
DeleteFcn: ‘’
DisplayName: ‘’
HandleVisibility: ‘on’
HitTest: ‘on’
Interruptible: ‘on’
LineJoin: ‘round’
LineStyle: ‘-’
LineWidth: 0.5000
Marker: ‘none’
MarkerEdgeColor: ‘auto’
MarkerFaceColor: ‘none’
MarkerIndices: [1×1000 uint64]
MarkerSize: 6
Parent: [1×1 Axes]
PickableParts: ‘visible’
Selected: ‘off’
SelectionHighlight: ‘on’
Tag: ‘’
Type: ‘line’
UIContextMenu: [0×0 GraphicsPlaceholder]
UserData: []
Visible: ‘on’
XData: [1×1000 double]
XDataMode: ‘manual’
XDataSource: ‘’
YData: [1×1000 double]
YDataSource: ‘’
ZData: [1×0 double]
ZDataSource: ‘’

get(gca) % a 表示 axis

ALim: [0 1]
ALimMode: ‘auto’
ActivePositionProperty: ‘outerposition’
AlphaScale: ‘linear’
Alphamap: [1×64 double]
AmbientLightColor: [1 1 1]
BeingDeleted: ‘off’
Box: ‘on’
BoxStyle: ‘back’
BusyAction: ‘queue’
ButtonDownFcn: ‘’
CLim: [0 1]
CLimMode: ‘auto’
CameraPosition: [3.5000 0 17.3205]
CameraPositionMode: ‘auto’
CameraTarget: [3.5000 0 0]
CameraTargetMode: ‘auto’
CameraUpVector: [0 1 0]
CameraUpVectorMode: ‘auto’
CameraViewAngle: 6.6086
CameraViewAngleMode: ‘auto’
Children: [1×1 Line]
Clipping: ‘on’
ClippingStyle: ‘3dbox’
Color: [1 1 1]
ColorOrder: [7×3 double]
ColorOrderIndex: 2
ColorScale: ‘linear’
Colormap: [64×3 double]
CreateFcn: ‘’
CurrentPoint: [2×3 double]
DataAspectRatio: [3.5000 1 1]
DataAspectRatioMode: ‘auto’
DeleteFcn: ‘’
FontAngle: ‘normal’
FontName: ‘Helvetica’
FontSize: 10
FontSizeMode: ‘auto’
FontSmoothing: ‘on’
FontUnits: ‘points’
FontWeight: ‘normal’
GridAlpha: 0.1500
GridAlphaMode: ‘auto’
GridColor: [0.1500 0.1500 0.1500]
GridColorMode: ‘auto’
GridLineStyle: ‘-’
HandleVisibility: ‘on’
HitTest: ‘on’
Interruptible: ‘on’
LabelFontSizeMultiplier: 1.1000
Layer: ‘bottom’
Legend: [0×0 GraphicsPlaceholder]
LineStyleOrder: ‘-’
LineStyleOrderIndex: 1
LineWidth: 0.5000
MinorGridAlpha: 0.2500
MinorGridAlphaMode: ‘auto’
MinorGridColor: [0.1000 0.1000 0.1000]
MinorGridColorMode: ‘auto’
MinorGridLineStyle: ‘:’
NextPlot: ‘replace’
OuterPosition: [0 0 1 1]
Parent: [1×1 Figure]
PickableParts: ‘visible’
PlotBoxAspectRatio: [1 0.7882 0.7882]
PlotBoxAspectRatioMode: ‘auto’
Position: [0.1300 0.1100 0.7750 0.8150]
Projection: ‘orthographic’
Selected: ‘off’
SelectionHighlight: ‘on’
SortMethod: ‘childorder’
Tag: ‘’
TickDir: ‘in’
TickDirMode: ‘auto’
TickLabelInterpreter: ‘tex’
TickLength: [0.0100 0.0250]
TightInset: [0.0510 0.0527 0.0071 0.0200]
Title: [1×1 Text]
TitleFontSizeMultiplier: 1.1000
TitleFontWeight: ‘normal’
Toolbar: [1×1 AxesToolbar]
Type: ‘axes’
UIContextMenu: [0×0 GraphicsPlaceholder]
Units: ‘normalized’
UserData: []
View: [0 90]
Visible: ‘on’
XAxis: [1×1 NumericRuler]
XAxisLocation: ‘bottom’
XColor: [0.1500 0.1500 0.1500]
XColorMode: ‘auto’
XDir: ‘normal’
XGrid: ‘off’
XLabel: [1×1 Text]
XLim: [0 7]
XLimMode: ‘auto’
XMinorGrid: ‘off’
XMinorTick: ‘off’
XScale: ‘linear’
XTick: [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7]
XTickLabel: {8×1 cell}
XTickLabelMode: ‘auto’
XTickLabelRotation: 0
XTickMode: ‘auto’
YAxis: [1×1 NumericRuler]
YAxisLocation: ‘left’
YColor: [0.1500 0.1500 0.1500]
YColorMode: ‘auto’
YDir: ‘normal’
YGrid: ‘off’
YLabel: [1×1 Text]
YLim: [-1 1]
YLimMode: ‘auto’
YMinorGrid: ‘off’
YMinorTick: ‘off’
YScale: ‘linear’
YTick: [-1 -0.8000 -0.6000 -0.4000 -0.2000 0 0.2000 0.4000 0.6000 0.8000 1]
YTickLabel: {11×1 cell}
YTickLabelMode: ‘auto’
YTickLabelRotation: 0
YTickMode: ‘auto’
ZAxis: [1×1 NumericRuler]
ZColor: [0.1500 0.1500 0.1500]
ZColorMode: ‘auto’
ZDir: ‘normal’
ZGrid: ‘off’
ZLabel: [1×1 Text]
ZLim: [-1 1]
ZLimMode: ‘auto’
ZMinorGrid: ‘off’
ZMinorTick: ‘off’
ZScale: ‘linear’
ZTick: [-1 0 1]
ZTickLabel: ‘’
ZTickLabelMode: ‘auto’
ZTickLabelRotation: 0
ZTickMode: ‘auto’

x = linspace(0,2*pi,1000);
y = sin(x);
plot(x,y);
h = plot(x,y);
get(h)
get(gca)
set(gca,'XLim',[0,2*pi]);
set(gca,'YLim',[-1.2,1.2]);

在这里插入图片描述

set(gca,'FontSize',25); % 更改字体

在这里插入图片描述

set(gca,'XTick',0:pi/2:2*pi); % 更改x轴刻度值

在这里插入图片描述

set(gca,'XTickLabel',0:90:360); % 更改x轴刻度显示

在这里插入图片描述

set(gca,'FontName','LaTeX'); % 采用Latex版本显示
set(gca,'XTickLabel',{'0','\pi/2','p','3\pi/2','2\pi'});

在这里插入图片描述

set(h,'LineStyle','-.','LineWidth',7.0,'Color','g');

在这里插入图片描述

Multiple Figures
Creat a figure window by calling figure
Be careful when using the gcf、gca handle where there exists multiple figures

x = -10:0.1:10;
y1 = x.^2 - 8;
y2 = exp(x);
figure,plot(x,y1);
figure,plot(x,y2);

在这里插入图片描述

Several Plots in One Figure
- Several small plots ‘in a figure’: subplot(m,n,1);
Control of Grid, Box, and Axis
Saving Figures into Files
高解析度需要使用print

Special Plots

Logarithm Plots

x = logspace(-1,1,100); % x = 10^(-1)~10^1，共100个数
y = x.^2;
subplot(2,2,1); plot(x,y); title('Plot');
subplot(2,2,2); semilogx(x,y); title('SemilogX');
subplot(2,2,3); semilogy(x,y); title('SemilogY');
subplot(2,2,4); loglog(x,y); title('Loglog')

在这里插入图片描述

set(gca,'XGrid','on'); % 将最后一个x轴画网格

在这里插入图片描述

plotyy()

x = 0:0.01:20;
y1 = 200*exp(-0.05*x).*sin(x);
y2 = 0.8*exp(-0.5*x).*sin(10*x);
[AX,H1,H2] = plotyy(x,y1,x,y2);
set(get(AX(1),'Ylabel'),'String','Left Y-axis');
set(get(AX(2),'Ylabel'),'String','Right Y-axis');
title('Labeling plotyy');
set(H1,'LineStyle','--'); set(H2,'LineStyle',':');

在这里插入图片描述

Histogram

y = randn(1,1000);
subplot(2,1,1); hist(y,10); title('Bins = 10');
subplot(2,1,2); hist(y,50); title('Bins = 50');

在这里插入图片描述

Bar Charts

x = [1 2 5 4 8]; y = [x;1:5];
subplot(1,3,1); bar(x); title('A bargraph of vector x');
subplot(1,3,2); bar(y); title('A bargraph of vector y');
subplot(1,3,3); bar3(y); title('A 3D bargraph');

在这里插入图片描述

Stacked and Horizontal Bar Charts

x = [1 2 5 4 8]; y = [x;1:5];
subplot(1,2,1); bar(y,'stacked'); title('Stacked');
subplot(1,2,2); barh(y); title('Horizontal');

在这里插入图片描述

Pie Charts

a = [10 5 20 30];
subplot(1,3,1); pie(a);
subplot(1,3,2); pie(a,[0,0,0,1]);
subplot(1,3,3); pie3(a,[0,0,0,1]);

在这里插入图片描述

Polar Chart

x = 1:100; theta = x/10; r = log10(x);
subplot(1,4,1); polar(theta,r);
theta = linspace(0,2*pi); r = cos(4*theta);
subplot(1,4,2); polar(theta,r);
theta = linspace(0,2*pi,6); r = ones(1,length(theta));
subplot(1,4,3); polar(theta,r);
theta = linspace(0,2*pi); r = 1-sin(theta);
subplot(1,4,4); polar(theta,r);

在这里插入图片描述

Stairs and Stem Charts

x = linspace(0,4*pi,40); y = sin(x);
subplot(1,2,1); stairs(y);
subplot(1,2,2); stem(y);

在这里插入图片描述

fill()

t = (0:1:3)*pi/2; x = sin(t); y = cos(t);
h = fill(x,y,'y'); axis square off;
text(0,0,'WAIT','Color','k','FontSize',70,...
    'FontWeight','bold','HorizontalAlignment','center');
set(h,'LineWidth',5.0);

请添加图片描述

t = (1:2:15)'*pi/8; x = sin(t); y = cos(t);
fill(x,y,'r'); axis square off;
text(0,0,'STOP','Color','w','FontSize',80,...
    'FontWeight','bold','HorizontalAlignment','center');

请添加图片描述

Color Space

clear all;
g=0.3;
x=[1:10; 3:12; 5:14]; imagesc(x);
max_x = max(max(x)); min_x = min(min(x));
map = zeros(max_x,3);
for i=1:14
    map(i,2) = g;
    g = g + 0.05;
end
colormap(map);
colorbar;

在这里插入图片描述

Principles for 3D Surface Plots
- Use meshgrid to creat matrices X and Y for a given range
- Surface Plots: mesh() and surf()

x = -3.5:0.2:3.5; y = -3.5:0.2:3.5;
[X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y);
Z = X.*exp(-X.^2 - Y.^2);
subplot(1,2,1); mesh(X,Y,Z);
subplot(1,2,2); surf(X,Y,Z);

在这里插入图片描述

contour(): Projection of equal heights of 3D plot onto a 2D plane

x = -3.5:0.2:3.5; y = -3.5:0.2:3.5;
[X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y);
Z = X.*exp(-X.^2 - Y.^2);
subplot(1,2,1); mesh(X,Y,Z); axis square;
subplot(1,2,2); contour(X,Y,Z); axis square;

在这里插入图片描述

Various Contour Plots

x = -3.5:0.2:3.5; y = -3.5:0.2:3.5;
[X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y); Z = X.*exp(-X.^2 - Y.^2);
subplot(1,3,1); contour(Z,[-.45:.05:.45]); axis square;
subplot(1,3,2); [C,h] = contour(Z); clabel(C,h); axis square;
subplot(1,3,3); contourf(Z); axis square;