前言
Golang 数据结构之 Slice (二) 上一篇文章介绍了一下扩容的基本情况,这一篇文章分析要 growslice 函数的源码
源码
我们看看 growslice函数的源码,可以分成三部分:
func growslice(et *_type, old slice, cap int) slice {
if raceenabled {
callerpc := getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&et))
racereadrangepc(old.array, uintptr(old.len*int(et.size)), callerpc, funcPC(growslice))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(old.array, uintptr(old.len*int(et.size)))
}
if et.size == 0 {
if cap < old.cap {
panic(errorString("growslice: cap out of range"))
}
return slice{unsafe.Pointer(&zerobase), old.len, cap}
}
newcap := old.cap
doublecap := newcap + newcap
if cap > doublecap {
newcap = cap
} else {
if old.len < 1024 {
newcap = doublecap
} else {
for newcap < cap {
newcap += newcap / 4
}
}
}
var lenmem, newlenmem, capmem uintptr
const ptrSize = unsafe.Sizeof((*byte)(nil))
switch et.size {
case 1:
lenmem = uintptr(old.len)
newlenmem = uintptr(cap)
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap))
newcap = int(capmem)
case ptrSize:
lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * ptrSize
newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * ptrSize
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) * ptrSize)
newcap = int(capmem / ptrSize)
default:
lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * et.size
newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * et.size
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) * et.size)
newcap = int(capmem / et.size)
}
if cap < old.cap || uintptr(newcap) > maxSliceCap(et.size) {
panic(errorString("growslice: cap out of range"))
}
var p unsafe.Pointer
if et.kind&kindNoPointers != 0 {
p = mallocgc(capmem, nil, false)
memmove(p, old.array, lenmem)
memclrNoHeapPointers(add(p, newlenmem), capmem-newlenmem)
} else {
p = mallocgc(capmem, et, true)
if !writeBarrier.enabled {
memmove(p, old.array, lenmem)
} else {
for i := uintptr(0); i < lenmem; i += et.size {
typedmemmove(et, add(p, i), add(old.array, i))
}
}
}
return slice{p, old.len, newcap}
}
zerobase 策略
func growslice(et *_type, old slice, cap int) slice {
if et.size == 0 {
if cap < old.cap {
panic(errorString("growslice: cap out of range"))
}
return slice{unsafe.Pointer(&zerobase), old.len, cap}
}
- 如果 size 为 0 ,若将要扩容的容量比原本的容量小,则抛出异常(不能缩小)
- 否则,将重新生成一个新的 Slice 返回,其 Pointer 指向一个 0 byte 地址。
容量计算
func growslice(et *_type, old slice, cap int) slice {
newcap := old.cap
doublecap := newcap + newcap
if cap > doublecap {
newcap = cap
} else {
if old.len < 1024 {
newcap = doublecap
} else {
for 0 < newcap && newcap < cap {
newcap += newcap / 4
}
if newcap <= 0 {
newcap = cap
}
}
}
}
- 若 cap 大于 doublecap,则扩容后容量大小为 新 Slice 的容量;
- 若 len 小于 1024 个,在扩容时,增长因子为 1(也就是增加 1 倍)
- 若 len 大于 1024 个,在扩容时,增长因子为 0.25(原本容量的四分之一)
总的来说,就是 len 小于 1024 时,增长 2 倍。大于 1024 时,增长 1.25 倍
内存对齐
func growslice(et *_type, old slice, cap int) slice {
var overflow bool
var lenmem, newlenmem, capmem uintptr
switch {
case et.size == 1:
lenmem = uintptr(old.len)
newlenmem = uintptr(cap)
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap))
overflow = uintptr(newcap) > maxAlloc
newcap = int(capmem)
case et.size == sys.PtrSize:
lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * sys.PtrSize
newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * sys.PtrSize
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) * sys.PtrSize)
overflow = uintptr(newcap) > maxAlloc/sys.PtrSize
newcap = int(capmem / sys.PtrSize)
case isPowerOfTwo(et.size):
var shift uintptr
if sys.PtrSize == 8 {
shift = uintptr(sys.Ctz64(uint64(et.size))) & 63
} else {
shift = uintptr(sys.Ctz32(uint32(et.size))) & 31
}
lenmem = uintptr(old.len) << shift
newlenmem = uintptr(cap) << shift
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) << shift)
overflow = uintptr(newcap) > (maxAlloc >> shift)
newcap = int(capmem >> shift)
default:
lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * et.size
newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * et.size
capmem, overflow = math.MulUintptr(et.size, uintptr(newcap))
capmem = roundupsize(capmem)
newcap = int(capmem / et.size)
}
}
对于不同的slice元素大小,选择不同的计算方法,获取原来 Slice 长度和计算假定扩容后的新 Slice 元素长度、容量大小以及指针地址(用于后续操作)
数据拷贝
func growslice(et *_type, old slice, cap int) slice {
if cap < old.cap || uintptr(newcap) > maxSliceCap(et.size) {
panic(errorString("growslice: cap out of range"))
}
var p unsafe.Pointer
if et.kind&kindNoPointers != 0 {
p = mallocgc(capmem, nil, false)
memmove(p, old.array, lenmem)
memclrNoHeapPointers(add(p, newlenmem), capmem-newlenmem)
} else {
p = mallocgc(capmem, et, true)
if !writeBarrier.enabled {
memmove(p, old.array, lenmem)
} else {
for i := uintptr(0); i < lenmem; i += et.size {
typedmemmove(et, add(p, i), add(old.array, i))
}
}
}
return slice{p, old.len, newcap}
}
若元素类型为 kindNoPointers,也就是非指针类型。则在原来的 Slice 后面继续扩容
- 根据先前计算的 capmem,在老 Slice cap 后继续申请内存空间;
- 将 old.array 上的 n 个 bytes(根据 lenmem)拷贝到新的内存空间上
- 新内存空间(p)加上新 Slice cap 的容量地址。最终得到完整的新 Slice cap 内存地址 add(p, newlenmem) (ptr)
- 从 ptr 开始重新初始化 n 个 bytes(capmem-newlenmem)
拷贝数据是这两个主要函数
memmove(p, old.array, lenmem)
return slice{p, old.len, newcap}
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