[开发测试]SpingBoot2.x+Mockito+Junit5单元测试

SpingBoot2.x+Mockito+Junit5单元测试

1.引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
		</exclusion>
	</exclusions>
</dependency>

2.初始化

• idea中光标放在service类上，按下alt+insert，弹出Test，点击它，自动生成单元测试类

  如图:

• 单元测试类中初始化mock注解对象(两种方式)：

  • 类上添加@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)

  • 在类中标注了@BeforeEach的方法中添加一段代码，如下：

    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    

3.编写单元测试类

• 前提准备

准备两个类，HelloService、HelloMapper

@Service
public class HelloService {

    @Autowired
    private HelloMapper helloMapper;

    public String hello() {
        if (helloMapper != null) {
            return helloMapper.sout();
        }
        return "";
    }
}

@Repository
public interface HelloMapper {
    
    default String sout() {
        return "666";
    }
}

• 单元测试类编写代码(有两种方式)

  • 方式一：

    @ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
    public class Junit5Mockito {
    
        @InjectMocks
        private HelloService helloService;
    	
        // 被mock的对象一定要使用public修改，不能使用private
        @Mock
        public HelloMapper helloMapper;
    
        @Test
        void testHelloService() {
            when(helloMapper.sout()).thenReturn("777");
            String hello = helloService.hello();
            // 期望值：777，该断言会success
            Assertions.assertEquals(hello, "777");
    
            // 期望值：777，该断言会error
    //        Assertions.assertEquals(hello, "666");
        }
    }
    

  • 方式二：

    class HelloServiceTest {
    
        @InjectMocks
        private HelloService helloService;
    
        @Mock
        public HelloMapper helloMapper;
        
        @BeforeEach
        void setUp() {
            MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        }
        
        /**
         * 可整合Assertions类来进行断言
         */
        @Test
        void testHelloService() {
            when(helloMapper.sout()).thenReturn("777");
            String hello = helloService.hello();
            // 期望值：777，该断言会success
            Assertions.assertEquals(hello, "777");
    
            // 期望值：777，该断言会error
    //        Assertions.assertEquals(hello, "666");
        }
    

  4.其他

  单元测试JUnit5使用：https://www.yuque.com/atguigu/springboot/ksndgx

  Junit5整合MockitoExtension扩展：https://javadoc.io/static/org.mockito/mockito-junit-jupiter/3.11.2/org/mockito/junit/jupiter/MockitoExtension.html

  Mockito官方文档：https://javadoc.io/static/org.mockito/mockito-core/3.1.0/org/mockito/Mockito.html#45

  JUnit5官方文档：https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/

  Springboot-testing官方文档：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.6.RELEASE/reference/html/spring-boot-features.html#boot-features-testing
  MockitoAnnotations-api：https://javadoc.io/static/org.mockitomockito-core/3.1.0/org/mockito/MockitoAnnotations.html
  Mockito官方文档中文翻译：https://blog.csdn.net/bboyfeiyu/article/details/52127551?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromBaidu%7Edefault-5.control&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7EBlogCommendFromBaidu%7Edefault-5.control
  @Mock 和 @InjectMocks组合使用：https://www.jianshu.com/p/bb705a56f620

  ?