[开发测试]SpringBoot项目整合Mockito单元测试框架

一。简介

Mockito是什么？
MOCK意思是模拟的意思，主要被用来进行数据的人工组织，不会真正地调用第三方服务器，类似redis，mysql等都不会调用，也不用关心数据底层是如何进行处理的，我们要做的只是将本单元的逻辑进行单元测试，验证数据的逻辑处理性，而其中mock较好的框架就是Mockito。

Mockito是mocking框架，它让你用简洁的API做测试。而且Mockito简单易学，它可读性强和验证语法简洁。

二。测试Demo

1.首先创建springboot项目，并在pom文件引入Mockito依赖：

        <!--Mockito单元测试框架 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.3</version>
        </dependency>

2.创建实体类（Student）：

package com.example.mockito_test.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.ToString;

/**
 * @author Keson
 * @version 1.0
 * @description: TODO
 * @date 2021/7/21 11:05
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@ToString
public class Student {

    private String id;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    private String sex;

    private String phoneNumber;

}

3.创建dao层：

package com.example.mockito_test.dao;

import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
 * @author Keson
 * @version 1.0
 * @description: TODO
 * @date 2021/7/21 11:14
 */
@Repository
public class StudentDao {

    //演示从数据库查询数据
    public Student getById(String id){
        Student student = new Student();

        if(id.equals("001")){
            student.setId("001");
            student.setName("张三");
            student.setAge(20);
            student.setSex("男");
            student.setPhoneNumber("12345678910");
        }
        return student;
    }

    //演示从数据库添加数据
    public String save(Student student){
        if(student != null){
            return "数据成功添加";
        }
        return "数据添加失败";
    }
}

4.创建service层：

package com.example.mockito_test.service;

import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;

/**
 * @author Keson
 * @version 1.0
 * @description: TODO
 * @date 2021/7/21 11:20
 */
public interface StudentService {

    public Student getById(String id);

    public String save(Student student);
}

package com.example.mockito_test.service.Impl;

import com.example.mockito_test.dao.StudentDao;
import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
import com.example.mockito_test.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @author Keson
 * @version 1.0
 * @description: TODO
 * @date 2021/7/21 11:21
 */
@Service
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

    @Autowired
    private StudentDao studentDao;

    @Override
    public Student getById(String id) {
        return studentDao.getById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public String save(Student student) {
        return studentDao.save(student);
    }
}

5.创建controller层：

package com.example.mockito_test.controller;

import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
import com.example.mockito_test.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * @author Keson
 * @version 1.0
 * @description: TODO
 * @date 2021/7/21 11:23
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;

    @GetMapping("/getById")
    public Student getById(@RequestParam("id") String id){
        return studentService.getById(id);
    }

    @PostMapping("/save")
    public String save(@RequestBody Student student){
        return studentService.save(student);
    }
}

三。Mockito的使用

1.service层的测试类

1.快捷创建测试类方式：鼠标悬浮在类名上，按快捷键Alt+Enter，点击Create Test：


2.创建完成后点开test包，里面出现刚刚创建好的测试类：

3.service测试类代码如下：

package com.example.mockito_test.service;

import com.example.mockito_test.dao.StudentDao;
import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
import com.example.mockito_test.service.Impl.StudentServiceImpl;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;

import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForClassTypes.assertThat;

class StudentServiceTest {

    @InjectMocks
    StudentServiceImpl studentService;

    @Mock
    StudentDao studentDao;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() throws Exception{
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void getById(){
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId("001");
        student.setName("张三");
        //when里面带的是条件，thenReturn里面表示的是返回结果
        Mockito.when(studentDao.getById("001"))
                .thenReturn(student);
        //assertThat后面跟着断言的判断语句
        assertThat(studentService.getById(student.getId()).getName())
                .isEqualTo("张三");

    }

    @Test
    public void save(){
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId("002");
        student.setName("李四");
        //when里面带的是条件，thenReturn里面表示的是返回结果
        Mockito.when(studentDao.save(student))
                .thenReturn("数据成功添加");
        //assertThat后面跟着断言的判断语句
        assertThat(studentService.save(student))
                .isEqualTo("数据成功添加");
    }
}

其中， Mockito.when(）里面带的是条件，thenReturn里面表示的是返回结果。
如果结果判断正确的话，测试通过：

反之我们将“张三”改成“张三123”，测试失败，控制台输出提示：

2.controller层的测试类

代码如下所示：

package com.example.mockito_test.controller;

import com.example.mockito_test.entity.Student;
import com.example.mockito_test.service.StudentService;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;

@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {StudentController.class, StudentService.class})
@WebMvcTest
class StudentControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @InjectMocks
    StudentController studentController;

    @MockBean
    StudentService studentService;

    @Autowired
    ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp(){
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(studentController).build();
    }


    @Test
    public void getById() throws Exception {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId("001");
        student.setName("张三");
        Mockito.when(studentService.getById("001"))
                .thenReturn(student);
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/student/getById?id=001"))
                //需要携带的头信息，如token信息 header("Authorization","Bearer ..."))
//                .header("",""))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());

    }

    @Test
    public void save() throws Exception {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId("002");
        student.setName("李四");
        Mockito.when(studentService.save(student))
                .thenReturn("数据成功添加");
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/student/save")
                .contentType("application/json")
                //需要携带的头信息，如token信息 header("Authorization","Bearer ..."))
//                .header("",""))
                //将请求实体转换成String放入content里面
                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(student)))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());

    }


}

注意，get请求与post请求测试方式不一致，注意区分！