1.安装virtualenv及创建虚拟环境
由于工作需要使用python2.7版本，因此在在安装virtualenv时需要注意版本问题
1.1 安装virtualenv
首先，使用conda search查找对应python2.7兼容版本
$ conda search virtualenv
Loading channels: done
# Name Version Build Channel
virtualenv 15.2.0 py27_0 pkgs/main
virtualenv 15.2.0 py35_0 pkgs/main
virtualenv 15.2.0 py36_0 pkgs/main
virtualenv 16.0.0 py27_0 pkgs/main
virtualenv 16.0.0 py35_0 pkgs/main
virtualenv 16.0.0 py36_0 pkgs/main
virtualenv 16.0.0 py37_0 pkgs/main
virtualenv 16.0.0 py38_0 pkgs/main
virtualenv 16.7.5 py_0 pkgs/main
virtualenv 20.0.20 py36_1 pkgs/main
virtualenv 20.0.20 py37_1 pkgs/main
我们可以看到virtualenv==15.2.0是支持python2.7的，因此我们安装这个版本
conda install virtualenv==15.2.0
1.2 创建虚拟环境并激活
（1）创建虚拟环境venv
$ virtualenv [虚拟环境名称]
$ virtualenv venv
New python executable in ~/Desktop/baidu/bce-pcqa/vpc-console-test/vpc-smoke-test/venv/bin/python
copying ~/opt/anaconda3/envs/py2.7/bin/python => ~/Desktop/baidu/bce-pcqa/vpc-console-test/vpc-smoke-test/venv/bin/python
copying ~/opt/anaconda3/envs/py2.7/bin/../lib/libpython2.7.dylib => ~/Desktop/baidu/bce-pcqa/vpc-console-test/vpc-smoke-test/venv/lib/libpython2.7.dylib
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
（2）激活环境
$ cd venv
$ source ./bin/activate
激活之后，可以使用命令查看是否已经生效
$ which python
或者
$ which pip
（3）退出环境
$ deactivate
（4）删除环境
没有使用virtualenvwrapper前，可以直接删除venv文件夹来删除环境
2. 安装pytest
pytest官方文档：https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/getting-started.html#our-first-test-run
上图说明，官网要求python为3.x版本
向下寻找，发现pytest 4.6.x版本支持python2.7
查找资源，发现pytest==4.6.2可满足
$ conda search pytest
Loading channels: done
# Name Version Build Channel
pytest 4.6.2 py27_0 pkgs/main
pytest 4.6.2 py36_0 pkgs/main
pytest 4.6.2 py37_0 pkgs/main
pytest 4.6.11 py36_0 pkgs/main
pytest 4.6.11 py37_0 pkgs/main
pytest 4.6.11 py38_0 pkgs/main
安装pytest
使用虚拟环境venv中的pip安装pytest，方便测试包使用
# 激活虚拟环境venv
source venv/bin/activate
# 安装
pip install -U pytest==4.6.2
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.
Collecting pytest==4.6.2
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /packages/cd/eb/04a30246424f5664a8fb72d982a57f60399642a63d24c7fdfaf70d673c27/pytest-4.6.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Downloading pytest-4.6.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (229 kB)
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Downloading atomicwrites-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.8 kB)
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Collecting wcwidth
Downloading wcwidth-0.2.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (30 kB)
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Collecting scandir; python_version < "3.5"
Downloading scandir-1.10.0.tar.gz (33 kB)
Collecting pyparsing>=2.0.2
Downloading pyparsing-2.4.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67 kB)
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Collecting backports.functools-lru-cache>=1.2.1; python_version < "3.2"
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Collecting configparser>=3.5; python_version < "3"
Downloading configparser-4.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
Collecting zipp>=0.5
Downloading zipp-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (4.8 kB)
Collecting contextlib2; python_version < "3"
Downloading contextlib2-0.6.0.post1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.8 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: scandir
Building wheel for scandir (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for scandir: filename=scandir-1.10.0-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_7_x86_64.whl size=18727 sha256=c857f181befc4ca764e480ee9b0304afe0e94320b679e17f9493f27badf96e1c
Stored in directory: ~/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/58/2c/26/52406f7d1f19bcc47a6fbd1037a5f293492f5cf1d58c539edb
Successfully built scandir
Installing collected packages: funcsigs, py, configparser, contextlib2, zipp, six, scandir, pathlib2, importlib-metadata, pluggy, more-itertools, pyparsing, packaging, atomicwrites, attrs, backports.functools-lru-cache, wcwidth, pytest
Successfully installed atomicwrites-1.4.0 attrs-21.2.0 backports.functools-lru-cache-1.6.4 configparser-4.0.2 contextlib2-0.6.0.post1 funcsigs-1.0.2 importlib-metadata-2.1.1 more-itertools-5.0.0 packaging-20.9 pathlib2-2.3.6 pluggy-0.13.1 py-1.10.0 pyparsing-2.4.7 pytest-4.6.2 scandir-1.10.0 six-1.16.0 wcwidth-0.2.5 zipp-1.2.0