[开发测试]APP自动化测试常用操作

? ? ? ?在app手工测试过程中，我们常用的操作包含有哪些呢？——滑动、输入、点击、拖动、放大缩小等，那么这些操作转化为代码，应该如何实现呢，下面简单介绍一下，方便复习。

一、swipe滑动操作

? ? ? ? 我们对页面进行滑动，但由于屏幕大小不以，无法保证都能滑动成功，所以无法直接写死一个尺寸大小，必须使用百分比坐标，去进行滑动界面操作。

1、swipe封装

# swipe函数封装
# 从右往左滑动
def swipe_left(driver,offset = 0.9):
    size = driver.get_window_size()  # 获取屏幕大小
    height = size['height']    # 获取高度
    width = size['width']   # 获取宽度
    driver.swipe(start_x = width * offset,start_y = height * 0.5,
                 end_x = width * (1-offset),end_y = height * 0.5)

# 从左往右滑动
def swipe_right(driver,offset = 0.9):
    size = driver.get_window_size()
    height = size['height']
    width = size['width']
    driver.swipe(start_x = width * (1-offset),start_y = height * 0.5,
                 end_x = width * offset,end_y = height * 0.5)

# 往上滑
def swipe_up(driver,offset = 0.9):
    size = driver.get_window_size()
    height = size['height']
    width = size['width']
    driver.swipe(start_x = width * 0.5,start_y = height * offset,
                 end_x = width * 0.5,end_y = height * (1-offset))

# 往下滑
def swipe_down(driver,offset = 0.9):
    size = driver.get_window_size()
    height = size['height']
    width = size['width']
    driver.swipe(start_x = width * 0.5,start_y = height * (1-offset),
                 end_x = width * 0.5,end_y = height * offset)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from appium.webdriver import Remote
    import time

    caps = {'platformName': 'Android', 'deviceName': 'emulator-5554',
            'appPackage': 'com.xxzb.fenwoo', 'appActivity':'com.xxzb.fenwoo.activity.addition.WelcomeActivity'}
    driver = Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub', desired_capabilities=caps)

    driver.implicitly_wait(3)  # 等待
    time.sleep(5)

    # 调用函数
    swipe_left(driver)

2、swipe封装到Basepage

class BasePage:

    def __init__(self,driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.size = driver.get_window_size()
        self.height = self.size['height']
        self.width = self.size['width']

    def swipe_left(self,offset = 0.9):
        self.driver.swipe(start_x = self.width * offset, start_y = self.height * 0.5,
                     end_x = self.width * (1 - offset), end_y = self.height * 0.5)

    # 从左往右滑动
    def swipe_right(self, driver, offset=0.9):
        self.driver.swipe(start_x=self.width * (1 - offset), start_y=self.height * 0.5,
                     end_x=self.width * offset, end_y=self.height * 0.5)

    # 往上滑
    def swipe_up(self,driver,offset=0.9):
        self.driver.swipe(start_x=self.width * 0.5, start_y=self.height * offset,
                     end_x=self.width * 0.5, end_y=self.height * (1 - offset))

    # 往下滑
    def swipe_down(self,driver, offset=0.9):
        self.driver.swipe(start_x=self.width * 0.5, start_y=self.height * (1 - offset),
                     end_x=self.width * 0.5, end_y=self.height * offset)

    # 另外还可直接调用
    def swipe(self,direct = 'left', offset = 0.9):
        if direct == 'left':
            return self.swipe_left(offset)

        if direct == 'right':
            return self.swipe_right(offset)

        if direct == 'up':
            return self.swipe_up(offset)

        if direct == 'dowm':
            return self.swipe_down(offset)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from appium.webdriver import Remote
    import time

    caps = {'platformName': 'Android', 'deviceName': 'emulator-5554',
            'appPackage': 'com.xxzb.fenwoo', 'appActivity': 'com.xxzb.fenwoo.activity.addition.WelcomeActivity'}
    driver = Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub', desired_capabilities=caps)

    driver.implicitly_wait(3)  # 等待
    time.sleep(5)
    re = BasePage(driver)   # 类方法调用??  ==> 注意 __init__ 拼写
    re.swipe(direct='left')
    time.sleep(2)

二、TouchAction & 九宫格操作

TouchAction
注意点：
1、一定要以.perform()结尾，以表执行
2、可进行链接调用

九宫格操作，屏幕解锁
思路：
action = TouchAction(driver)  ==> 初始化触摸链条
action.press().wait()  ==> 先按下表选中，并等待..
.move_to().wait()   ==> 再移动 ，并等待。。
.move_to().wait()  ==> 再移动，并等待 。。
...
.move_to().release().perform()  ==> 再移动，松开并执行。

from appium.webdriver import Remote

caps = {'platformName': 'Android', 'deviceName': 'E3LBB20708105277',
        'appPackage':'com.lemon.lemonban','appActivity':'com.lemon.lemonban.activity.WelcomeActivity',}
driver = Remote(command_executor = 'http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',desired_capabilities = caps)
driver.implicitly_wait(10)    # 等待
def swipe_up(driver,offset = 0.9):
    size = driver.get_window_size()
    height = size['height']
    width = size['width']
    driver.swipe(start_x = width * 0.5,start_y = height * offset,
                 end_x = width * 0.5,end_y = height * (1-offset))


driver.back()       # 返回
time.sleep(1)
driver.lock()       # 锁屏
time.sleep(1)
driver.unlock()     # 解开屏幕
time.sleep(2)
swipe_up(driver)    # 向上滑动
el = driver.find_element(By.ID,'com.android.systemui:id/lockPatternView')
# 获取元素的坐标数据，x、y、长、宽    # {'height': 608, 'width': 608, 'x': 56, 'y': 780}
rect = el.rect
# 获取各点开始的值 开始的x轴、y轴、长、宽
start_x = rect['x']
start_y = rect['y']
width = rect['width']
height = rect['height']
point_01 = {'x':start_x + width * 1/6,'y':start_y + height * 1/6}
point_02 = {'x':start_x + width * 1/2,'y':start_y + height * 1/6}
point_03 = {'x':start_x + width * 5/6,'y':start_y + height * 1/6}
point_04 = {'x':start_x + width * 1/6,'y':start_y + height * 1/2}
point_05 = {'x':start_x + width * 1/2,'y':start_y + height * 1/2}
point_06 = {'x':start_x + width * 5/6,'y':start_y + height * 1/2}
point_07 = {'x':start_x + width * 1/6,'y':start_y + height * 5/6}
point_08 = {'x':start_x + width * 1/2,'y':start_y + height * 5/6}
point_09 = {'x':start_x + width * 5/6,'y':start_y + height * 5/6}
# 初始化动作链条，等待单位时间为：ms
# **point_01 ==> 等同于：{'x':start_x + width * 1/6,'y':start_y + height * 1/6}
action = TouchAction(driver)
action.press(**point_01).wait(200)\
        .move_to(**point_04).wait(200)\
        .move_to(**point_07).wait(200)\
        .move_to(**point_08).wait(200)\
        .move_to(**point_09).wait(200)\
        .release().perform()
time.sleep(3)

三、多指操作（放大缩小）

# TouchAction  ==》 单指操作
# MultiAction  ==》 多指操作

基本操作思路：
a1 = TouchAction(driver)   #定义第一点触屏位
a2 = TouchAction(driver)   #定义第二点触屏位
a1.press().move_to().release()  # 第一点移动，松开
a2.press().move_to().release()  # 第二点移动，松开
MultiAction(driver).add(a1,a2).perform()

from appium.webdriver.common.multi_action import MultiAction

class BasePage:
    def __init__(self,driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.size = driver.get_window_size()
        self.width = self.size['width']
        self.height = self.size['height']

    def zoom(self,offset):  # 放大
        action_01 = TouchAction(driver)
        action_01.press(x=self.width / 2,y=self.height / 2).move_to(x=self.width / 2,y=self.height / 2 - offset).release()
        action_02 = TouchAction(driver)
        action_02.press(x=self.width / 2, y=self.height / 2).move_to(x=self.width / 2,y=self.height / 2 + offset).release()
        m = MultiAction(self.driver)
        m.add(action_01,action_02)
        m.perform()

    def pinch(self,offset):  # 放大
        action_01 = TouchAction(driver)
        action_01.press(x=self.width / 2,y=self.height / 2 - offset).move_to(x=self.width / 2,y=self.height / 2).release()
        action_02 = TouchAction(driver)
        action_02.press(x=self.width / 2, y=self.height / 2 + offset).move_to(x=self.width / 2,y=self.height / 2).release()
        m = MultiAction(self.driver)
        m.add(action_01,action_02)
        m.perform()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from appium.webdriver import Remote
    import time
    from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import TouchAction

    caps = {'platformName':'Android','deviceName':'emulator-5554','appPackage':'com.lemon.lemonban',
            'appActivity':'com.lemon.lemonban.activity.WelcomeActivity',
            'chromedriverExecutor':r'C:\Users\lalanala\Desktop\appium自动化资料\柠檬班_APP安装包.apk',
             'automationName':'UIAutomator2'}
    driver = Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',desired_capabilities=caps)
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    time.sleep(2)
    # 调用放大、缩小功能
    # d = BasePage(driver)
    # d.zoom(offset=0.9)

四、Toast弹框操作

方法一：通过text文本定位toast弹框
# actual = driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//*[contains(@text, "{}")]'.format(text))   

方法二：固定写法，判断弹框是否出现
# actual = driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//android_widget.Toast')  

from appium.webdriver import Remote
import time
from appium.webdriver.common.touch_action import TouchAction

caps = {'platformName':'Android','deviceName':'emulator-5554','appPackage':'com.lemon.lemonban',
            'appActivity':'com.lemon.lemonban.activity.WelcomeActivity',
            'chromedriverExecutor':r'C:\Users\lalanala\Desktop\appium自动化资料\柠檬班_APP安装包.apk',
             'automationName':'UIAutomator2'}
driver = Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',desired_capabilities=caps)
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
time.sleep(2)

    driver.start_activity(app_package='com.lemon.lemonban',app_activity='.activity.LoginActActivity')
driver.find_element(By.ID,'com.lemon.lemonban:id/btn_login').click()
time.sleep(2)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, 0.01)
text = '手机号码或密码不能为空'
el = (MobileBy.XPATH, '//*[contains(@text, "{}")]'.format(text))
actual = wait.until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(el))
assert actual
# actual = driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//*[contains(@text, "{}")]'.format(text))   #方法一：通过text文本定位toast弹框
# actual = driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//android_widget.Toast')  # 方法二：固定写法，判断弹框是否出现

# 获取对应的toast信息,完整表示
# xpath_locator = (MobileBy.XPATH, '//*[contains(@text, "{}")]'.format('手机号码或密码不能为空'))

# try:
#     WebDriverWait(driver, 10, 0.01).until(
#         expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(xpath_locator))  # 因为toast信息消失的很快，所以频率需要指定，这里设定为0.01
#     print("已获取到toast信息：{}".format(driver.find_element(*xpath_locator).text))
# except:
#     print("未获取到toast信息！！！")

五、快捷键操作

# 手机上的快捷键（等同于web中的键盘操作）
# 包含物理按键HOME、音量加、音量减、电源键、返回、菜单的操作
# driver.press_keycode()后接一数字，表物理按键操作，
详见：https://www.jianshu.com/p/f7ec856ff56f

from appium.webdriver import Remote
import time

driver.press_keycode(24)  # 音量减
driver.press_keycode(26)  # 电源键
# 其他操作
driver.lock()  # 锁屏
driver.unlock()   #解锁
# driver.shake()   # 摇一摇
# driver.hide_keyboard()   # 隐藏键盘

1、简单操作

from appium.webdriver import Remote
import time

caps={'platformName':'Android','deviceName':'emulator-5554','appPackage':'com.lemon.lemonban',
      'appActivity':'com.lemon.lemonban.activity.WelcomeActivity'}
driver = Remote(command_executor = 'http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',desired_capabilities=caps)
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
time.sleep(2)
driver.press_keycode(24)  # 音量减
time.sleep(3)
driver.press_keycode(26)  # 电源键
time.sleep(2)

# 其他操作
driver.lock()  # 锁屏
driver.unlock()   #解锁
# driver.shake()   # 摇一摇
# driver.hide_keyboard()   # 隐藏键盘

2、两层封装

# 可实现2曾封装
class Keys:
    VOLUME_UP = 24   # 音量减
    VOLUME_DOWM = 25   #音量加
    ENTER = 66    # 回车
    POWER = 26   #电源键

class BagePage:

    def __init__(self,driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def volue_up(self):
        self.driver.press_keycode(Keys.VOLUME_UP)

    def volue_dowm(self):
        self.driver.press_keycode(Keys.VOLUME_DOWM)

    def power(self):
        self.driver.press_keycode(Keys.VOLUME_UP)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    driver.press_keycode(Keys.POWER)
    d = BagePage(driver)
    d.power()

六、混合应用操作

含义 ==>  使用web技术去开发app（h5和原生app）

通过java / kotlin 开发的安卓应用程序
框架：flutter / reat native  /  weex
从原生app切换至web ，进行环境切换  可使用 driver.swith_to.context()

步骤：
1）按普通的安卓组件测试，
2）点击进入h5页面后，weditor、inspect 等app元素定位功能就不能使用了 
3）切换环境，就变成web测试

准备：
1）辅助工具定位，uctool、chrome dectools
2）手机浏览器驱动 == 》 版本与电脑版本保持一致
3）webveiw h5必须找开发开启webview调试模式
     
uctool工具使用：
1）在app端进入网页，才会显示；
2）点击inspect。展示手机上的网页
3）如发现无法使用元素定位，则设置选中本地资源，

chrome devtools ==> chrome://inspect  ,选中pages  ==> 需翻墙

注意点：
1）caps设置驱动路径(chromedriverExecutable参数)，chromedriver.exe（注意版本的兼容）
2）进入网页时，需操作网页中元素定位，需先执行：driver.swith_to.context('   ')

from appium.webdriver import Remote

caps = {'platformName': 'Android', 'deviceName': 'emulator-5554',
        'appPackage':'com.lemon.lemonban','appActivity':'com.lemon.lemonban.activity.WelcomeActivity',
        'chromedriverExecutable':r'C:\Users\lalanala\Desktop\appium自动化资料\chromedriver_241.exe'}
driver = Remote(command_executor = 'http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',desired_capabilities=caps)
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
print('当前环境：',driver.current_context)
print('所有环境:',driver.contexts)
driver.find_element(By.XPATH , '//*[@text="师资团队"]').click()
print('当前环境：',driver.current_context)
print('所有环境:',driver.contexts)
driver.switch_to.context('WEBVIEW_com.lemon.lemonban')
print('当前环境：',driver.current_context)
print('所有环境:',driver.contexts)
time.sleep(2)
driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//*[text()='推荐']").click()
driver.back()
driver.switch_to.context('NATIVE_APP')       # 切换环境
print('当前环境：',driver.current_context)

总结

日常小鸡汤：

该努力得努力，该学习得学习，平常心对待一切，相信一切都是自己想要的样子，fighting~！！