[开发测试]Selenium：实现设置cookie免登录(QQ邮箱为例)

使用环境

• Python：3.9.1
• Selenium：4.0
• Chrome：94.0.4606.61
• Windows 10

操作步骤

1. 获取账号cookie

   1. 手动打开页面登录后，再通过谷歌插件EditThisCookie来快速获取

   2. EditThisCookie官网：https://www.editthiscookie.com/

   3. EditThisCookie下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_21238607/33237729
      

2. 通过add_cookie()方法添加cookie代码示例

   import time
   from selenium import webdriver
   
   
   url = 'https://mail.qq.com/'
   
   # 粘贴通过EditThisCookie获取的页面cookie信息
   cookies = "粘贴复制的网站cookie"	# cookie结构：[{},{},{},{},...]
   
   driver = webdriver.Chrome()
   driver.get(url)
   time.sleep(3)
   
   # 通过add_cookie方法添加cookie
   for cookie in cookies:
       driver.add_cookie(cookie)
   
   time.sleep(3)
   driver.refresh()    # 刷新页面验证是否登录成功
   

常见问题

1. 问题报错：NameError: name ‘false’ is not defined

   问题原因：通过EditThisCookie复制的Cookie内false、true均为小写，使用Python的话，需要修改为：False、True即可

   解决办法：全量替换为：False、True即可

   # 示例：出错cookie
   {
       "domain": ".qq.com",
       "hostOnly": false,
       "httpOnly": false,
       "name": "video_bucketid",
       "path": "/",
       # "sameSite": "unspecified",
       "secure": false,
       "session": true,
       "storeId": "0",
       "value": "4",
       "id": 49
   }
   
   # 修改False、True即可
   {
       "domain": ".qq.com",
       "hostOnly": False,
       "httpOnly": False,
       "name": "video_bucketid",
       "path": "/",
       # "sameSite": "unspecified",
       "secure": False,
       "session": True,
       "storeId": "0",
       "value": "4",
       "id": 49
   }
   

2. 问题报错：assert cookie_dict[‘sameSite’] in [‘Strict’, ‘Lax’, ‘None’] AssertionError
   问题原因：Cookie 的SameSite属性用来限制第三方 Cookie，从而减少安全风险，它可以这只三个值：‘Strict’, ‘Lax’, ‘None’，早期的Selenium版本也是不支持Cookie添加SameSite属性，如果添加，则会直接抛出异常，言归正传，我们可以通过查看复制的Cookie看出，QQ邮箱得到Cookie内的SameSite值为：unspecified，所以才会导致断言失败。

   解决办法：1. 注释cookie内全部SameSite属性 2. 修改Cookie内全部SameSite属性值为：‘Strict’, ‘Lax’, 'None’即可

   # 示例cookie
   {
       "domain": ".qq.com",
       "hostOnly": False,
       "httpOnly": False,
       "name": "video_bucketid",
       "path": "/",
       "sameSite": "unspecified",	# 注释该行，或修改值为：‘Strict', 'Lax', 'None'
       "secure": False,
       "session": True,
       "storeId": "0",
       "value": "4",
       "id": 49
   }
   
   # add_cookie源码
   def add_cookie(self, cookie_dict) -> None:
       """
           Adds a cookie to your current session.
   
           :Args:
            - cookie_dict: A dictionary object, with required keys - "name" and "value";
               optional keys - "path", "domain", "secure", "expiry", "sameSite"
   
           Usage:
               driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'})
               driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/'})
               driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/', 'secure':True})
               driver.add_cookie({'name': 'foo', 'value': 'bar', 'sameSite': 'Strict'})
   
           """
       if 'sameSite' in cookie_dict:
           assert cookie_dict['sameSite'] in ['Strict', 'Lax', 'None']
           self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {'cookie': cookie_dict})
           else:
               self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {'cookie': cookie_dict})
   

参考链接

• Cookie 的 SameSite 属性：https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2019/09/cookie-samesite.html