[开发测试]【RPA自动化】selenium教程_元素定位及表格读取

一、selenuim安装

下载selenium浏览器驱动，将msedgedriver.exe文件放入Python的安装路径下。

edge下载路径：Microsoft Edge Driver - Microsoft Edge Developer

导入库：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

初始化：

driver = webdriver.Edge() #实例化-确定驱动程序
driver.set_window_size(1600,1600) #设置界面打开窗口
url = 'https://www.csdn.com'
driver.get(url=url) #启动url地址
driver.implicitly_wait(5)

二、selenium应用：

注意：selenuim原写法：find_element_by_*已被废弃

1.元素定位

XPATH = "xpath"
LINK_TEXT = "link text"
PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text"
NAME = "name"
TAG_NAME = "tag name"
CLASS_NAME = "class name"
CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector"

例如：

①xpath定位写法：

driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//*[@id="nav-searchform"]/div[1]/input').click()

②CSS定位具体写法：

driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#user_name>.header-upload-entry__icon').click()

id // #
class // .

2.模拟键盘

回车键：Keys.ENTER
删除键：Keys.BACK_SPACE
空格键：Keys.SPACE
回退键：Keys.ESCAPE
刷新键：Keys.F5

使用方法：

driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//*[@id="nav-searchform"]/div[1]/input').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

3.上传附件

import os
abs_path = os.getcwd()+'/' #获取附件绝对路径
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.upload-btn').send_keys(abs_path+'rpa,mp4')

4.读取表格

新建py文件，定义info()函数，将其导入原文件使用即可

import xlrd
def info():
    read_file = xlrd.open_workbook('test.xls') #1.2以上版本无法处理xlsx
    sheet = read_file.sheet_by_index(0) #sheet索引从0开始
    print(sheet.ncols)

info()
    line1 = sheet.col_values(0)
    line2 = sheet.col_values(1)
    return line1, line2