[开发测试]从0到1精通自动化测试，pytest自动化测试框架，使用自定义标记mark（十一）

一、前言

pytest可以支持自定义标记，自定义标记可以把一个web项目划分多个模块，然后指定模块名称执行

app自动化的时候，如果想android和ios公用一套代码时，也可以使用标记功能，标明哪些是ios用例，哪些是android的，运行代码时候指定mark名称运行就可以

二、mark标记

1.以下用例，标记test_send_http()为webtest

# content of test_server.py
'''测试追风 QQ交流群：743262921（备注222）'''

import pytest

@pytest.mark.webtest
def test_send_http():
    pass # perform some webtest test for your app

def test_something_quick():
    pass

def test_another():
    pass

class TestClass:
    def test_method(self):
        pass

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_server.py", "-m=webtest"])

只运行用webtest标记的测试，cmd运行的时候，加个-m 参数，指定参数值webtest

$ pytest -v -m webtest

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: E:\MOMO\se, inifile:
plugins: metadata-1.7.0, html-1.19.0
collected 4 items / 3 deselected

test_server.py .

=================== 1 passed, 3 deselected in 0.10 seconds ====================

如果不想执行标记webtest的用例，那就用 " not webtest "

$ pytest -v -m "not webtest"

import pytest

'''测试追风 QQ交流群：743262921（备注222）'''

@pytest.mark.webtest
def test_send_http():
    pass # perform some webtest test for your app
def test_something_quick():
    pass
def test_another():
    pass
class TestClass:
    def test_method(self):
        pass

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_server.py", "-m='not webtest'"])

运行结果

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: E:\MOMO\se, inifile:
plugins: metadata-1.7.0, html-1.19.0
collected 4 items

test_server.py ....

========================== 4 passed in 0.06 seconds ===========================

三、-v 指定的函数节点id

如果想指定运行某个.py模块下，类里面的一个用例，如：TestClass里面testmethod用例
每个test开头(或_test结尾)的用例，函数(或方法)的名称就是用例的节点id，指定节点id运行用-v 参数

$ pytest -v test_server.py::TestClass::test_method

pycharm运行代码

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_server.py::TestClass::test_method"])

运行结果

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0 -- E:\python36\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
metadata: {'Python': '3.6.0', 'Platform': 'Windows-10-10.0.17134-SP0', 'Packages': {'pytest': '3.6.3', 'py': '1.5.4', 'pluggy': '0.6.0'}, 'Plugins': {'metadata': '1.7.0', 'html': '1.19.0'}, 'JAVA_HOME': 'D:\\java\\jdk17'}
rootdir: E:\MOMO\se, inifile:
plugins: metadata-1.7.0, html-1.19.0
collecting ... collected 1 item

test_server.py::TestClass::test_method PASSED                            [100%]

========================== 1 passed in 0.06 seconds ===========================

当然也能选择运行整个class

$ pytest -v test_server.py::TestClass

也能选择多个节点运行，多个节点中间空格隔开

$ pytest -v test_server.py::TestClass test_server.py::test_send_http

pycharm运行参考

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pytest.main(["-v", "test_server.py::TestClass", "test_server.py::test_send_http"])

四、-k 匹配用例名称

可以使用-k命令行选项指定在匹配用例名称的表达式

$ pytest -v -k http

$ pytest -v -k http # running with the above defined example module
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-3.x.y, py-1.x.y, pluggy-0.x.y -- $PYTHON_
?→PREFIX/bin/python3.5
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: $REGENDOC_TMPDIR, inifile:
collecting ... collected 4 items / 3 deselected
test_server.py::test_send_http PASSED [100%]
================== 1 passed, 3 deselected in 0.12 seconds ==================

你也可以运行所有的测试，根据用例名称排除掉某些用例：

$ pytest -k “not send_http” -v

=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-3.x.y, py-1.x.y, pluggy-0.x.y -- $PYTHON_
?→PREFIX/bin/python3.5
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: $REGENDOC_TMPDIR, inifile:
collecting ... collected 4 items / 1 deselected
test_server.py::test_something_quick PASSED [ 33%]
test_server.py::test_another PASSED [ 66%]
test_server.py::TestClass::test_method PASSED [100%]
================== 3 passed, 1 deselected in 0.12 seconds ==================

也可以同时选择匹配 “http” 和“quick”

$ pytest -k “http or quick” -v

=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-3.x.y, py-1.x.y, pluggy-0.x.y -- $PYTHON_
?→PREFIX/bin/python3.5
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: $REGENDOC_TMPDIR, inifile:
collecting ... collected 4 items / 2 deselected
test_server.py::test_send_http PASSED [ 50%]
test_server.py::test_something_quick PASSED [100%]
================== 2 passed, 2 deselected in 0.12 seconds ==================