本文主要内容:
- 复现:Eric Matthes所著的《python编程从入门到实践》一书中,第12章到第14章的《外星人入侵》项目的代码,并成功运行。
- 将项目的主要文件和代码做一个分享
- 分享此项目完整代码的链接
第一部分:项目的效果图和目录树 项目的初始运行的效果: 项目的文件目录: 项目的依赖包: 第二部分:主要代码
alien_invasion.py (主程序代码)
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
from alien import Alien
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
def run_game():
'''
初始化游戏并创建一个屏幕对象
:return:
'''
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Alien Invasion')
play_button = Button(ai_settings, screen, 'Play')
stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats)
ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
bullets = Group()
aliens = Group()
gf.create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
bg_color = (230,230,230)
alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
while True:
gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets)
if stats.game_active:
ship.update()
gf.update_bullet(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button)
run_game()
settings.py (游戏参数设置文件)
''' 存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类 '''
def __init__(self):
'''初始化游戏的设置'''
self.screen_width = 1200
self.screen_height = 800
self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
self.ship_limit = 1
self.bullet_width = 300
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = 60,60,60
self.bullets_allowed = 5
self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
self.speedup_scale = 1.1
self.score_scale = 1.5
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
'''初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置'''
self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
self.alien_speed_factor = 1
self.fleet_direction = 1
self.alien_points = 50
def increase_speed(self):
'''提高速度设置和外星人点数'''
self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
game_function.py (游戏功能文件)
import sys
import pygame
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep
from bullet import Bullet
def check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets):
'''响应按鼠标事件'''
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event, ship)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens,
bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y)
def check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens,
bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y):
'''在玩家单机Play按钮时,开始新游戏'''
button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y)
if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
stats.reset_stats()
stats.game_active = True
sb.prep_score()
sb.prep_high_score()
sb.prep_level()
sb.prep_ships()
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
ship.center_ship()
def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button):
'''更新屏幕上的图像,并切换到新屏幕'''
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
ship.blitme()
aliens.draw(screen)
sb.show_score()
'''
代码顺序非常重要,因为是顺序执行。如果此代码放于绘制外星人代码之前
则play按钮将会处于底层,无法呈现完整的矩形按钮
'''
if not stats.game_active:
play_button.draw_button()
pygame.display.flip()
def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
'''按键响应'''
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
bullet_flag = True
fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def check_keyup_events(event, ship):
'''响应松开'''
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):
'''创建外星人群'''
alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width)
number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
creat_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number)
def update_bullet(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
'''更新子弹位置,并删除已消失的子弹'''
bullets.update()
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
'''如果还没有到达限制,就发射一颗子弹'''
if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):
'''计算每行可以容纳多少个外星人'''
available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
return number_aliens_x
def creat_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number):
'''创建一个外星人并将其放在当前行'''
alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
alien_width = alien.rect.width
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height):
'''计算屏幕可以容纳多少行外星人'''
available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
return number_rows
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
'''有外星人到达边缘时,采取相应的措施'''
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):
'''将整群外星人下移,并改变它们的方向'''
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
'''
检查是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘,并更新整群外星人的位置
:param ai_settings:
:param aliens:
:return:
'''
check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)
aliens.update()
check_aliens_buttom(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens):
ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
'''响应子弹和外星人碰撞'''
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
sb.prep_score()
check_high_score(stats, sb)
if len(aliens) == 0:
bullets.empty()
ai_settings.increase_speed()
stats.level += 1
sb.prep_level()
create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
def check_aliens_buttom(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
'''检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端'''
screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
break
def ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
'''响应被外星人撞到的飞船'''
if stats.ships_left > 0:
stats.ships_left -= 1
sb.prep_ships()
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
ship.center_ship()
sleep(0.5)
else:
stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_high_score(stats, sb):
'''检查是否诞生了新的最高分'''
if stats.score > stats.high_score:
stats.high_score = stats.score
sb.prep_high_score()
第三部分:完整项目链接分享 考虑到篇幅和大家使用的方便性,我已将此项目完整的代码以及项目演示效果的视频和项目导入到pycharm的步骤的视频压缩到同一文件中,上传到了本站的资源库,供道友们免费下载。
传送门如下:https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_35284513/25646536
也可以点击我CSDN个人中心 --> 资源 -->【Python】飞机大战演示+源代码.rar —> 点击下载
资源使用步骤如下(资源中附带使用方法):
- 解压alien_invasion.rar
- 下载安装pycharm(社区版即可),并配置好pycharm的运行环境(具体的可百度)
- pycharm环境配置完成后,将解压后的整个文件夹(文件夹名:alien_invasion)拖拽到pycharm图标上会自动打开pycharm并导入完整项目
- 等待pycharm打开后,在最底部一栏中找到并点击Python Packages选项。如果左侧Installed一栏中没有pygame包,则在搜索框中搜索pygame,选中后点击右边Install,等待下载安装完成。
- 最后打开alien_invasion.py文件,运行此文件(快捷键:ctrl + shift + F5)。
另:如何正确安装和配置 pycharm, 可参考站内的大佬们分享的方法,步骤都很详细。
如果这篇文章和分享的资源对您有帮助,欢迎点赞和评论支持。极客之路,吾辈不孤。欢迎留言交流和分享。
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