[游戏开发]Python编程从入门到实践——外星人入侵代码

? ? ? ? 学习python的新人一枚，在学习的过程中遇到了很多问题，最后通过在CSDN等网站上查阅资料等都慢慢解决了，写一个帖子，一方面是记录自己的代码，另一方面和大家分享一下。

目录

alien.py

alien_invasion.py

bullet.py

button.py

game_functions.py

game_stats.py

scoreboard.py

settings.py

ship.py

#alien.py
#  
#  Copyright 2021 

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
	def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
		#初始化外星人并设置其起始位置
		super(Alien,self).__init__()
		self.screen=screen
		self.ai_settings=ai_settings
		#加载外星人图像
		self.image=pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
		self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
		#每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角
		self.rect.x=self.rect.width
		self.rect.y=self.rect.height
		#存储外星人的准确位置
		self.x=float(self.rect.x)
	def blitme(self):
		self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
	def check_edges(self):
		screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()
		if self.rect.right>=screen_rect.right:
			return True
		elif self.rect.left<=0:
			return True
	def update(self):
		self.x+=(self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor*self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
		self.rect.x=self.x

#  alien_invasion.py
#  Copyright 2021
#  20211107

import sys
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
from alien import Alien
import game_functions as gf

def run_game():
	#初始化pygame 设置和屏幕对象
    pygame.init()
    ai_settings=Settings()
    screen=pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
    #创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例
    stats=GameStats(ai_settings)
    sb=Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)
	#创建Play按钮
    play_button=Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")
    bg_color=(230,230,230)
	#创建一艘飞船
    ship=Ship(ai_settings,screen)
    bullets=Group()
    aliens=Group()
    #创建外星人群
    gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
    
	#开始游戏主循环
    while True:
        gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
        if stats.game_active:
            ship.update()
            gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
            gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
        gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)		
run_game()

# bullet.py
#  
#  Copyright 2021
#  
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
        super(Bullet,self).__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0, ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height)
        self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
        self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
        self.y = float(self.rect.y)
        self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
    def update(self):
        self.y-=self.speed_factor
        self.rect.y=self.y
    def draw_bullet(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

#  button.py
#  
#  Copyright 2021
#  20211107
#  
import pygame.font
class Button():
	def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
		self.screen=screen
		self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
		self.width,self.height=200,50
		self.button_color=(0,255,0)
		self.text_color=(255,255,255)
		self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
		self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
		self.rect.center=self.screen_rect.center
		self.prep_msg(msg)
	def prep_msg(self,msg):
	    self.msg_image=self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
	    self.msg_image_rect=self.msg_image.get_rect()
	    self.msg_image_rect.center=self.rect.center
	def draw_button(self):
		self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
		self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
	    

#  game_functions.py
#  Copyright 2021 
#  
import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien

def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right=True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left=True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
        fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
    elif event.key==pygame.K_q:
        sys.exit()
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
    if len(bullets)<ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)
        bullets.add(new_bullet)
def check_keyup_events(event,ship):				
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right=False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left=False				
				
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
           check_keyup_events(event,ship)
        elif event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):
    button_clicked=play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
    if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
        #重置游戏设置
        ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
        #隐藏光标
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
        #重置游戏统计信息
        stats.reset_stats()
        stats.game_active=True
        #重置记分牌图像
        sb.prep_score()
        sb.prep_high_score()
        sb.prep_level()
		#清空外星人列表和子弹列表
        aliens.empty()
        bullets.empty()
		#创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中
        create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
        ship.center_ship()
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
	screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
	for bullet in bullets.sprites():
		bullet.draw_bullet()
	ship.blitme()
	aliens.draw(screen)
	sb.show_score()
	if not stats.game_active:
		play_button.draw_button()
	pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
    bullets.update()
    for bullet in bullets.copy():
        if bullet.rect.bottom<=0:
            bullets.remove(bullet)
    check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
    collisions=pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)
    if collisions:
        for aliens in collisions.values():
            stats.score+=ai_settings.alien_points*len(aliens)
            sb.prep_score()
        check_high_score(stats,sb)
    if len(aliens)==0:
        bullets.empty()
        ai_settings.increase_speed()
        #提高等级
        stats.level+=1
        sb.prep_level()
        create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
	available_space_x=ai_settings.screen_width - 2*alien_width
	number_aliens_x=int(available_space_x /(2*alien_width))
	return number_aliens_x
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
	available_space_y=(ai_settings.screen_height-(3*alien_height)-ship_height)
	number_rows=int(available_space_y / (2*alien_height))
	return number_rows
def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
	alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)
	alien_width=alien.rect.width
	alien.x=alien_width+2*alien_width*alien_number
	alien.rect.y=alien.rect.height+2*alien.rect.height*row_number
	alien.rect.x=alien.x
	aliens.add(alien)
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
	#创建第一行外星人
	alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)
	number_aliens_x=get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
	number_rows=get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
	for row_number in range(number_rows):
	    for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
		    create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
	for alien in aliens.sprites():
		if alien.check_edges():
			change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
			break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
	for alien in aliens.sprites():
		alien.rect.y+=ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
	ai_settings.fleet_direction*=-1
def ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
	if stats.ships_left>0:
	    stats.ships_left-=1
	    #更新记分牌
	    sb.prep_ships()
	    aliens.empty()
	    bullets.empty()
	    create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
	    ship.center_ship()
	    sleep(0.5)
	else:
		stats.game_active=False
		pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
	screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
	for alien in aliens.sprites():
		if alien.rect.bottom>=screen_rect.bottom:
			ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
			break
def update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
	check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
	aliens.update()  
	if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
		ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
	check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_high_score(stats,sb):
	if stats.score>stats.high_score:
		stats.high_score=stats.score
		sb.prep_high_score()

#  game_stats.py
#  
#  Copyright 2021 
#  20211107
#  

class GameStats():
	def __init__(self,ai_settings):
		self.ai_settings=ai_settings
		self.reset_stats()
		#让游戏一开始处于非激活状态
		self.game_active=False
		#任何情况下都不应该重置最高得分
		self.high_score=0
	def reset_stats(self):
		self.ships_left=self.ai_settings.ship_limit
		self.score=0
		self.level=1

#  scoreboard.py
#  
#  Copyright 2021 
#  20211109 
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard():
	#显示得分信息的类
    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):
        self.screen=screen
        self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
        self.ai_settings=ai_settings
        self.stats=stats
		#显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
        self.text_color=(30,30,30)
        self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
		#准备初始得分图像
        self.prep_score()
        self.prep_high_score()
        self.prep_level()
        self.prep_ships()
    def prep_score(self):
        score_str=str(self.stats.score)
        rounded_score=int(round(self.stats.score,-1))
        score_str="{:,}".format(rounded_score)
        self.score_image=self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
        #将得分放在右上角
        self.score_rect=self.score_image.get_rect()
        self.score_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right-20
        self.score_rect.top=20
    def prep_high_score(self):
        high_score=int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
        high_score_str="{:,}".format(high_score)
        self.high_score_image=self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
        #将最高得分放在中央
        self.high_score_rect=self.high_score_image.get_rect()
        self.high_score_rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.high_score_rect.top=self.score_rect.top
    def prep_level(self):
        self.level_image=self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
	    #将等级放在得分的下方
        self.level_rect=self.level_image.get_rect()
        self.level_rect.right=self.score_rect.right
        self.level_rect.top=self.score_rect.bottom+10
    def show_score(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)	
        self.ships.draw(self.screen)
    def prep_ships(self):
        self.ships=Group()
        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
            ship=Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)
            ship.rect.x=10+ship_number*ship.rect.width
            ship.rect.y=10
            self.ships.add(ship)

#  settings.py
#  Copyright 2021 

class Settings():
    def __init__(self):
        self.screen_width=1200
        self.screen_height=600
        self.bg_color=(230,230,230)
        self.ship_limit=2
		#子弹设置
        self.bullet_width = 5
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = 60, 60 ,60
        self.bullets_allowed=3
        self.fleet_drop_speed=4
        self.speedup_scale=1.1
        self.score_scale=1.5
        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
	    #随着游戏运行，这些参数会发生变化
        self.ship_speed_factor=2
        self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
        self.alien_speed_factor=0.5
        self.fleet_direction=1
		#1表示向右移动，-1表示向左移动
        self.alien_points=50
    def increase_speed(self):
	    self.ship_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
	    self.bullet_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
	    self.alien_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
	    self.alien_points=int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)

#  ship.py
#  Copyright 2021 
#  
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):
    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
        super(Ship,self).__init__()
        self.screen=screen
        self.ai_settings=ai_settings
        self.image=pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
        self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
        self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
        self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottom
        self.center=float(self.rect.centerx)	
        self.moving_right=False
        self.moving_left=False
    def update(self):
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
            self.center+=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left >0:
            self.center-=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
        self.rect.centerx=self.center
    def blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
    def center_ship(self):
        self.center=self.screen_rect.centerx