[游戏开发]Unity Android多线程实时更新纹理数据

在上一文我们对Unity实时更新纹理数据做了一些研究，但是最后有一步骤，texture.Apply()依然需要在渲染线程中执行，这个函数其实也是非常耗时的，依然会影响到应用的FPS。

这篇文章用了另外一条思路，就是开一个线程，主要处理纹理更新的线程，主要是参考了Unity 的NativeRenderingPlugin插件来写的，搞一个Unity单独更新纹理的插件。

1、EGL

在Android平台上，EGL是OpenGL ES与本地窗口系统（本机窗口系统）之间的通信接口，其主要功能：

与设备的原生窗口系统通信；
查询绘图曲面的可用类型和配置；
创建图形曲面；
保持OpenGL ES和其他图形渲染API之间的同步渲染；
管理渲染资源，如纹理贴图。
OpenGL ES它在EGL实现的帮助下，EGL屏蔽了不同平台之间的差异（苹果提供您自己的EGL API Of iOS实现，声称是EAGL）。

本地窗口相关API提供对本地窗口系统接口的访问，EGL您可以创建渲染曲面EGLSurface，同时，它提供图形渲染上下文EGLContext，用于状态管理，下一个OpenGL ES您可以在此渲染曲面上绘制。

2、共享上下文时，哪些资源可以跨线程共享？

可共享的资源：

texture ;
shader;
program Shader program ;
buffer Class object , Such as VBO、 EBO、 RBO etc. .

无法共享的资源：

FBO Framebuffer object （ Do not belong to buffer class ）;
VAO Vertex array object （ Do not belong to buffer class ）.
这里的解释是，在无法共享的资源中，FBO和VAO它是一个资源管理对象，FBO负责管理多个缓冲区，它不占用资源，VAO负责管理VBO或EBO，它不占用资源。

3、多线程实时更新纹理

在我们开发实时更新纹理的过程中，我们就使用到了EGL这个库，以及共享上下文的特性。

第一步，我们需要写一个Unity Native Plugins来做渲染事情，可以参考GitHub - Unity-Technologies/NativeRenderingPlugin: C++ Rendering Plugin example for Unityhttps://github.com/Unity-Technologies/NativeRenderingPlugin

第二步，我们在Plugins中，加入我们多线程的一个处理方法。

总体的Plugin代码如下：

// Example low level rendering Unity plugin

#include "PlatformBase.h"
#include "RenderAPI.h"
#include "TextureRender.h"
#include "SafeQueue.h"

#include <EGL/egl.h>
#include <GLES3/gl3.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <vector>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <jni.h>

static float g_Time;
static void *g_TextureHandle = NULL;
static int g_TextureWidth = 0;
static int g_TextureHeight = 0;

SafeQueue<TextureDataInfo> texDatas;

/* Context related variables. */
EGLContext mainContext = NULL;
EGLContext mainDisplay = NULL;
EGLSurface pBufferSurface = NULL;
EGLContext pBufferContext = NULL;

/* Secondary thread related variables. */
pthread_t secondThread = -1;
bool exitThread = false;

/* Sync objects. */
GLsync mainThreadSyncObj = NULL;
GLuint64 timeout = GL_TIMEOUT_IGNORED;

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// UnitySetInterfaces

static void UNITY_INTERFACE_API OnGraphicsDeviceEvent(UnityGfxDeviceEventType eventType);

static IUnityInterfaces *s_UnityInterfaces = NULL;
static IUnityGraphics *s_Graphics = NULL;

extern "C" void    UNITY_INTERFACE_EXPORT UNITY_INTERFACE_API
UnityPluginLoad(IUnityInterfaces *unityInterfaces) {
    s_UnityInterfaces = unityInterfaces;
    s_Graphics = s_UnityInterfaces->Get<IUnityGraphics>();
    s_Graphics->RegisterDeviceEventCallback(OnGraphicsDeviceEvent);

#if SUPPORT_VULKAN
    if (s_Graphics->GetRenderer() == kUnityGfxRendererNull) {
        extern void RenderAPI_Vulkan_OnPluginLoad(IUnityInterfaces *);
        RenderAPI_Vulkan_OnPluginLoad(unityInterfaces);
    }
#endif // SUPPORT_VULKAN

    // Run OnGraphicsDeviceEvent(initialize) manually on plugin load
    OnGraphicsDeviceEvent(kUnityGfxDeviceEventInitialize);
}

extern "C" void UNITY_INTERFACE_EXPORT UNITY_INTERFACE_API UnityPluginUnload() {
    s_Graphics->UnregisterDeviceEventCallback(OnGraphicsDeviceEvent);
}

#if UNITY_WEBGL
typedef void	(UNITY_INTERFACE_API * PluginLoadFunc)(IUnityInterfaces* unityInterfaces);
typedef void	(UNITY_INTERFACE_API * PluginUnloadFunc)();

extern "C" void	UnityRegisterRenderingPlugin(PluginLoadFunc loadPlugin, PluginUnloadFunc unloadPlugin);

extern "C" void UNITY_INTERFACE_EXPORT UNITY_INTERFACE_API RegisterPlugin()
{
    UnityRegisterRenderingPlugin(UnityPluginLoad, UnityPluginUnload);
}
#endif

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GraphicsDeviceEvent

static RenderAPI *s_CurrentAPI = NULL;
static UnityGfxRenderer s_DeviceType = kUnityGfxRendererNull;

static void UNITY_INTERFACE_API OnGraphicsDeviceEvent(UnityGfxDeviceEventType eventType) {
    // Create graphics API implementation upon initialization
    if (eventType == kUnityGfxDeviceEventInitialize) {
        assert(s_CurrentAPI == NULL);
        s_DeviceType = s_Graphics->GetRenderer();
        s_CurrentAPI = CreateRenderAPI(s_DeviceType);
    }

    // Let the implementation process the device related events
    if (s_CurrentAPI) {
        s_CurrentAPI->ProcessDeviceEvent(eventType, s_UnityInterfaces);
    }

    // Cleanup graphics API implementation upon shutdown
    if (eventType == kUnityGfxDeviceEventShutdown) {
        delete s_CurrentAPI;
        s_CurrentAPI = NULL;
        s_DeviceType = kUnityGfxRendererNull;
    }
}

static void ModifyTexturePixels(void *data) {
    void *textureHandle = g_TextureHandle;
    int width = g_TextureWidth;
    int height = g_TextureHeight;
    if (!textureHandle)
        return;
    if (!data)
        return;

    s_CurrentAPI->EndModifyTexture(textureHandle, width, height, 0, data);
}

/* Modify the texture. */
void* animateTexture() {
    int textureRowPitch;
    void* textureDataPtr = s_CurrentAPI->BeginModifyTexture(g_TextureHandle, g_TextureWidth, g_TextureHeight, &textureRowPitch);
    if (!textureDataPtr)
        return NULL;

    const float t = g_Time * 4.0f;

    unsigned char* dst = (unsigned char*)textureDataPtr;
    for (int y = 0; y < g_TextureHeight; ++y)
    {
        unsigned char* ptr = dst;
        for (int x = 0; x < g_TextureWidth; ++x)
        {
            // Simple "plasma effect": several combined sine waves
            int vv = int(
                    (127.0f + (127.0f * sinf(x / 7.0f + t))) +
                    (127.0f + (127.0f * sinf(y / 5.0f - t))) +
                    (127.0f + (127.0f * sinf((x + y) / 6.0f - t))) +
                    (127.0f + (127.0f * sinf(sqrtf(float(x*x + y*y)) / 4.0f - t)))
            ) / 4;

            // Write the texture pixel
            ptr[0] = vv;
            ptr[1] = vv;
            ptr[2] = vv;
            ptr[3] = vv;

            // To next pixel (our pixels are 4 bpp)
            ptr += 4;
        }

        // To next image row
        dst += textureRowPitch;
    }

    return textureDataPtr;
}

/* [workingFunction 1] */
/* Secondary thread's working function. */
static void *workingFunction(void *arg) {
    EGLConfig config = findConfig(mainDisplay, true, true);
    pBufferSurface = eglCreatePbufferSurface(mainDisplay, config, pBufferAttributes);
    if (pBufferSurface == EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
        EGLint error = eglGetError();
        LOGE("eglGetError(): %i (0x%.4x)\n", (int) error, (int) error);
        LOGE("Failed to create EGL pixel buffer surface at %s:%i\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
        exit(1);
    }

    LOGI("PBuffer surface created successfully.\n");

    /* Unconditionally bind to OpenGL ES API. */
    eglBindAPI(EGL_OPENGL_ES_API);

    /* [Creating rendering context] */
    /* Sharing OpenGL ES objects with main thread's rendering context. */
    pBufferContext = eglCreateContext(mainDisplay, config, mainContext, contextAttributes);
    /* [Creating rendering context] */
    if (pBufferContext == EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
        EGLint error = eglGetError();
        LOGE("eglGetError(): %i (0x%.4x)\n", (int) error, (int) error);
        LOGE("Failed to create EGL pBufferContext at %s:%i\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
        exit(1);
    }

    LOGI("PBuffer context created successfully sharing GLES objects with the main context.\n");
    eglMakeCurrent(mainDisplay, pBufferSurface, pBufferSurface, pBufferContext);
    LOGI("PBuffer context made current successfully.\n");

    /*
     * Flags to pass to glFenceSync must be zero as there are no flag defined yet.
     * The condition must be set to GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE.
     */
    GLbitfield flags = 0;
    GLenum condition = GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE;

    while (!exitThread) {
        if (mainThreadSyncObj != NULL) {
            glWaitSync(mainThreadSyncObj, flags, timeout);
        } else {
            LOGI("mainThreadSyncObj is null");
            continue;
        }

        TextureDataInfo tempData;
        if (texDatas.Consume(tempData)) {
            ModifyTexturePixels(tempData.data);
            free(tempData.data);
        }else {
            void * data = animateTexture();
            if(data == NULL)
                continue;
            ModifyTexturePixels(data);
            free(data);
        }
    }

    LOGI("Exiting secondary thread.\n");

    return NULL;
}

void createTextureThread(void) {
    pthread_create(&secondThread, NULL, &workingFunction, NULL);
}

void startTextureRender() {
    if (secondThread != -1) {
        LOGD("thread is started!");
        return;
    }

    mainContext = eglGetCurrentContext();
    if (mainContext == EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
        LOGE("initCL: eglGetCurrentContext() returned 'EGL_NO_CONTEXT', error = %x", eglGetError());
        return;
    }

    mainDisplay = eglGetCurrentDisplay();
    if(mainDisplay == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
        LOGE("initCL: eglGetCurrentDisplay() returned 'EGL_NO_DISPLAY', error = %x", eglGetError());
        return;
    }

    createTextureThread();
    exitThread = false;
}

void stopTextureRender() {
    exitThread = true;
    TextureDataInfo tempData;
    while (texDatas.Consume(tempData)) {
        free(tempData.data);
    }
    secondThread = -1;
}

void addTextureData(TextureDataInfo dataInfo) {
    if (texDatas.Size() > 20) {
        LOGD("texDatas is large");
        TextureDataInfo tempData;
        if (texDatas.Consume(tempData)) {
            free(tempData.data);
        }
    }

    texDatas.Produce(std::move(dataInfo));
}

void renderFrame() {
    GLbitfield flags = 0;
    GLenum condition = GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE;
    mainThreadSyncObj = glFenceSync(condition, flags);
}

static void UNITY_INTERFACE_API OnRenderEvent(int eventID) {
    // Unknown / unsupported graphics device type? Do nothing
    if (s_CurrentAPI == NULL)
        return;

    renderFrame();
}

extern "C" void UNITY_INTERFACE_EXPORT UNITY_INTERFACE_API SetTimeFromUnity (float t) { g_Time = t; }

extern "C" void UNITY_INTERFACE_EXPORT UNITY_INTERFACE_API
StartTextureRender(void *textureHandle, int w, int h) {
    // A script calls this at initialization time; just remember the texture pointer here.
    // Will update texture pixels each frame from the plugin rendering event (texture update
    // needs to happen on the rendering thread).
    g_TextureHandle = textureHandle;
    g_TextureWidth = w;
    g_TextureHeight = h;

    LOGI("texture width: %d, height: %d", w, h);

    startTextureRender();
}

extern "C" void UNITY_INTERFACE_EXPORT UNITY_INTERFACE_API
StopTextureRender() {
    stopTextureRender();
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GetRenderEventFunc, an example function we export which is used to get a rendering event callback function.

extern "C" UnityRenderingEvent UNITY_INTERFACE_EXPORT UNITY_INTERFACE_API GetRenderEventFunc() {
    return OnRenderEvent;
}

extern "C" void UNITY_INTERFACE_EXPORT UNITY_INTERFACE_API
UpdateTextureDataPtr(void *data, int len) {

    void *tempData = new unsigned char[len];
    if (tempData == NULL)
        return;

    memcpy(tempData, data, len);

    TextureDataInfo dataInfo;
    dataInfo.data = tempData;
    dataInfo.len = len;

    addTextureData(dataInfo);
}

Unity中使用方法：

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using UnityEngine;

public class MutilTextureRenderer : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField]
    private MeshRenderer imageRenderer;

    [SerializeField, Tooltip("Frequency of sharing screens")]
    private int frequency = 10;


    private const string mainTexPropertyName = "_MainTex";

    private Texture2D imageTexture;
    private int imageWidth = 1920;
    private int imageHeight = 1080;

    public void OnDestroy()
    {
        NDKAPI.StopTextureRender();

        if (imageTexture != null)
            DestroyImmediate(imageTexture);
    }

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        if (imageTexture == null)
        {
            imageTexture = new Texture2D(imageWidth, imageHeight, TextureFormat.RGBA32, false, true);
            imageTexture.wrapMode = TextureWrapMode.Clamp;
            imageRenderer.material.SetTexture(mainTexPropertyName, imageTexture);

            // Pass texture pointer to the plugin
            NDKAPI.StartTextureRender(imageTexture.GetNativeTexturePtr(), imageTexture.width, imageTexture.height);
        }
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    private void Update()
    {
        NDKAPI.SetTimeFromUnity(Time.timeSinceLevelLoad);
        GL.IssuePluginEvent(NDKAPI.GetRenderEventFunc(), 1);
    }

    public struct NDKAPI
    {
#if (UNITY_IOS || UNITY_TVOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR
	[DllImport ("__Internal")]
#else
        [DllImport("RenderingPlugin")]
#endif
        public static extern IntPtr GetRenderEventFunc();

#if (UNITY_IOS || UNITY_TVOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR
	[DllImport ("__Internal")]
#else
        [DllImport("RenderingPlugin")]
#endif
        public static extern void StartTextureRender(System.IntPtr texture, int w, int h);

#if (UNITY_IOS || UNITY_TVOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR
	[DllImport ("__Internal")]
#else
        [DllImport("RenderingPlugin")]
#endif
        public static extern void StopTextureRender();

#if (UNITY_IOS || UNITY_TVOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR
	[DllImport ("__Internal")]
#else
        [DllImport("RenderingPlugin")]
#endif
        public static extern void UpdateTextureDataPtr(System.IntPtr data, int len);

#if (UNITY_IOS || UNITY_TVOS || UNITY_WEBGL) && !UNITY_EDITOR
	[DllImport ("__Internal")]
#else
        [DllImport("RenderingPlugin")]
#endif
        public static extern void SetTimeFromUnity(float t);
    }

}

总体效果

常见问题

出现如下错误：

2022/05/06 14:23:17.861 22872 22917 Error libNative initCL: eglGetCurrentContext() returned 'EGL_NO_CONTEXT', error = 3000

需要在Unity中把Graphics APIS中的Vulkan去掉，以及勾选掉Multithreaded Rendering勾选掉。

我的demo代码下载地址：Unity多线程实时更新纹理数据（Android平台）-Android文档类资源-CSDN下载我们需要实时更新纹理数据，如果在主线程中更新，会影响帧率。当前我们在?Unity中搞了一个Naitv更多下载资源、学习资料请访问CSDN下载频道.https://download.csdn.net/download/grace_yi/85301879

参考文献

GitHub - Unity-Technologies/NativeRenderingPlugin: C++ Rendering Plugin example for UnityC++ Rendering Plugin example for Unity. Contribute to Unity-Technologies/NativeRenderingPlugin development by creating an account on GitHub.https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/NativeRenderingPlugin

https://github.com/ARM-software/opengl-es-sdk-for-android/blob/4ca9fdb10bcd721bb9af19ccd9bdd95bdf34a07b/samples/advanced_samples/ThreadSync/jni/ThreadSync.cpphttps://github.com/ARM-software/opengl-es-sdk-for-android/blob/4ca9fdb10bcd721bb9af19ccd9bdd95bdf34a07b/samples/advanced_samples/ThreadSync/jni/ThreadSync.cppMultithreading rendering with OpenGL es shared context - 文章整合https://chowdera.com/2021/06/20210619181834707p.html

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