[游戏开发]ARFoundation入门教程U1-android权限申请和导出unityLibrary库配置升级

Android访问sd卡权限，各个版本有不同的方式。使用ARFoundation编程android项目时，可以使用unity提供的Permission申请android权限，提示有UnauthorizedAccessException的报错，基本为权限问题。

Android中sd卡的路径一般为：/storage/emulated/0/…

比如/storage/emulated/0/DCIM 为相机目录。

从《ARFoundation从零开始3-arfoundation项目》创建项目

一、android各版本的权限申请

1.安卓6.0（API 23）以下，访问只需要在清单文件中添加如下权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

2. 在安卓6.0（API 23）及以上系统，还需要在代码中动态申请权限：

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, permissions, PERMISSION_REQUEST);

3. 安卓10系统以上，还需要在清单文件中application节点加上：android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"

二、unity配置

1.新增自定义项AndroidManifest.xml，用来设置android权限的配置。Edit-ProjectSettings-Player-Publishing Settings，勾选自定义Manifest：

2.进入当前项目目录\Assets\Plugins\Android，修改AndroidManifest.xml文件：

修改主Activity为com.unity3d.player.MainActivity，文件内容修改为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!-- GENERATED BY UNITY. REMOVE THIS COMMENT TO PREVENT OVERWRITING WHEN EXPORTING AGAIN-->

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.unity3d.player" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

? <application android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true">

??? <activity android:name="com.unity3d.player.MainActivity" android:theme="@style/UnityThemeSelector" android:screenOrientation="fullSensor" android:launchMode="singleTask" android:configChanges="mcc|mnc|locale|touchscreen|keyboard|keyboardHidden|navigation|orientation|screenLayout|uiMode|screenSize|smallestScreenSize|fontScale|layoutDirection|density" android:hardwareAccelerated="false">

????? <intent-filter>

??????? <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

??????? <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

????? </intent-filter>

????? <meta-data android:name="unityplayer.UnityActivity" android:value="true" />

????? <meta-data android:name="android.notch_support" android:value="true" />

??? </activity>

??? <meta-data android:name="unity.splash-mode" android:value="0" />

??? <meta-data android:name="unity.splash-enable" android:value="True" />

??? <meta-data android:name="notch.config" android:value="portrait|landscape" />

??? <meta-data android:name="unity.build-id" android:value="…" />

??? <meta-data android:name="com.google.android.ar.API_KEY" android:value="…" />

??? <meta-data android:name="unityplayer.SkipPermissionsDialog" android:value="true" />

??? <meta-data android:name="com.google.ar.core" android:value="required" />

? </application>

? <uses-feature android:glEsVersion="0x00030000" />

? <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

? <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

? <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.location.gps" android:required="True" />

? <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.location" android:required="True" />

? <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

??? <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

? <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.touchscreen" android:required="false" />

? <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch" android:required="false" />

? <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.touchscreen.multitouch.distinct" android:required="false" />

? <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" android:minSdkVersion="31" />

? <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />

? <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.ar" android:required="true" />

? <uses-feature android:name="com.google.ar.core.depth" android:required="true" />

</manifest>

2.进入当前项目\Assets\Plugins\Android目录，新建MainActivity.java文件，作为主启动Activity：

3. 进入当前项目\Assets\Plugins\Android目录，mainTemplate.gradle.meta文件repositories修改为：

google()

?????? mavenCentral()

与android studio中保持一致！

4.unity中-Project Settings-Player-Other Settings-Write Permission选择External：

5.MainActivity.java代码：

package com.unity3d.player;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.KeyEvent;

import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends UnityPlayerActivity{

??? private static MainActivity instance;

??? @Override

??? protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

??????? super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

??????? instance = this;

??? }

??? public static MainActivity GetInstance()

??? {

??????? return instance;

??? }

??? @Override public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event)

??? {

??????? if(event.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK){

??????????? onBackPressed();

??????????? return true;

??????? }

??????? if (event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_MULTIPLE)

?????? ?????return mUnityPlayer.injectEvent(event);

??????? return super.dispatchKeyEvent(event);

??? }

??? //------

??? @Override

??? public void onBackPressed() {

??????? runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {

??????????? @Override

??????????? public void run() {

??? ????????????mUnityPlayer.quit();

??????????? }

??????? });

??????? super.onBackPressed();

??? }

??? //unity调用android的方法

??? public int Sum(int x, int y)

??? {

??????? return x + y;

??? }

??? public String OnUnityFinished(String str){

??????? runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {

??????????? @Override

??????????? public void run() {

??????????????? Toast.makeText(

??????????????????????? instance,

??????????????????????? "OnUnityFinished=" + str,

??????????????????????? Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

??????????? }

??????? });

??????? return "ok";

??? }

??? public void CallUnityFun(String str)

??? {

??????? String receiveObj = "MainCamera";//unity中脚本挂载的Object的name

??????? String receiveMethod = "Receive";//unity中Object挂载脚本的方法名

??????? String params = str + " Android Call Unity.";//方法要穿的参数

??????? //android调用unity，

??????? UnityPlayer.UnitySendMessage(receiveObj, receiveMethod, params);

??? }

}

三、unity申请android权限代码

Unity中自带的Android权限申请类Permission：

Unity - Scripting API: Permission

其中主要用到的方法：

HasUserAuthorizedPermission方法用来判断是否获得了该权限：

Permission.HasUserAuthorizedPermission("android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE")

RequestUserPermission方法用来请求该权限：

Permission.RequestUserPermission("android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE");

1.编写android权限申请类,项目Scripts文件夹下新建AndroidPermissions.cs文件，挂载到AR Session Origin下：

代码：

using System.Collections;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using UnityEngine;

using UnityEngine.Android;

namespace FrameworkDesign.Example

{

??? public class AndroidPermissions : MonoBehaviour

??? {

??????? private static AndroidPermissions instance;

??????? private int index;

???? ???private List<string> permissionList = new List<string>();

??????? private void Awake()

??????? {

??????????? if(instance == null)

??????????? {

??????????????? instance = this;

??????????????? Init();

??????????? }?????????????????????????????????

??????? }

??????? //初始化，权限申请要尽可能早

??????? [RuntimeInitializeOnLoadMethod(RuntimeInitializeLoadType.BeforeSceneLoad)]

??????? public void Init()

??????? {

??????????? //权限添加进列表

??????????? permissionList.Clear();

??????????? index = 0;

??????????? //permissionList.Add("android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE");

??????????? permissionList.Add(Permission.ExternalStorageRead);

??????????? permissionList.Add(Permission.ExternalStorageWrite);

?????????? // permissionList.Add(Permission.FineLocation);

?????? ????// permissionList.Add(Permission.CoarseLocation);

??????????? StartCheckPermission(0.02f); //开始申请

??????????? Logger.Log("权限申请完毕");

??????? }

??????? public void StartCheckPermission(float time)

??????? {

??????????? //Logger.Log("开始权限申请");

??????????? if (permissionList.Count > 0)

??????????? {

??????????????? Get(permissionList[index], time);

??????????? }

??????? }

??????? /// <summary>

??????? /// 判断并申请权限

??????? /// </summary>

??????? /// <param name="type">权限名</param>

??????? /// <param name="time">如拒绝延迟多久再次申请</param>

??????? void Get(string type, float time)

??????? {

??????????? if (!Permission.HasUserAuthorizedPermission(type))

??????????? {

??????????????? Permission.RequestUserPermission(type);

??????????????? Logger.Log("正在获取的权限：" + type);

??????????????? StartCoroutine(Check(type, time));

??????????? }

??????????? else

??????????? {

??????????????? Logger.Log("权限已经获取：" + type);

??????????????? if (index < permissionList.Count - 1)

??????????????? {

??????????????????? index += 1;

??????????????????? Get(permissionList[index], time);

??????????????? }

??????????? }

??????? }

??????? IEnumerator Check(string type, float time)

??????? {

??????????? yield return new WaitForSeconds(time);

??????????? Get(type, time);

??????? }

??? }

}

2.打包运行：

??

当用户尚未授权时，程序弹出Android权限申请界面，点击授权即可。

四、unity导出lib库

unity导出lib库，（先删除原来导出的lib库文件夹下所有文件，确保修改的文件更新）：

五、android studio升级

1.java JDK升级到11，配置环境变量。

2.Android studio升级到2021.2.1：下载安装包安装，提示删除旧版，点击确定安装新版。

3. Android studio配置gradle，file-project structure-project，配置7.2.1和7.3.3：

点击SDK Location-Gradle Settings-Gradle JDK，选择11：

六、android studio导入unity库

1.复制unityLibrary到android studio工程根目录（先删除原有unityLibrary文件夹），启动android studio

2.gradle.properties文件注释掉android.enableR8=false：

#android.enableR8=false

3.app的build.gradle的buildToolsVersion ：

buildToolsVersion '30.0.3'

4.打包出错：

原因是androidx兼容问题，android代码使用了androidx，删除unityLibrary的build.gradle内以下内容：

打包成功

MainActivity 继承UnityPlayerActivity，实现与unity的接口调用，相关代码都在MainActivity中编写。

三、android打包运行

如未配置，参看《ARFoundation从零开始3-arfoundation项目》。

安装运行：

??

对于Unity工程不单独打包，而是接入到其他android工程里的情况，android权限的申请最好在android端进行，不能确保在android申请的时候再在unity端申请。

Android端申请权限代码：

//----1.android端申请权限，以下代码放到当前Activity类里-----------------

//------2.在当前Activity的onCreate方法里调用checkPermission();

String[] permissions = new String[]{Manifest.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS};

List<String> mPermissionList = new ArrayList<>();



private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST = 1;

// 检查权限

private void checkPermission() {

??? mPermissionList.clear();

??? //判断哪些权限未授予

??? for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {

??????? if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permissions[i]) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

??????????? mPermissionList.add(permissions[i]);

??????? }

??? }

??? //判断是否为空

??? if (mPermissionList.isEmpty()) {//未授予的权限为空，表示都授予了



??? } else {//请求权限方法

??????? String[] permissions = mPermissionList.toArray(new String[mPermissionList.size()]);//将List转为数组

??????? ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, permissions, PERMISSION_REQUEST);

??? }

}

/**

?* 响应授权

?* 这里不管用户是否拒绝，都进入首页，不再重复申请权限

?*/

@Override

public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

??? super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

??? switch (requestCode) {

??????? case PERMISSION_REQUEST:



?????????? ?break;

??????? default:

??????????? super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

??????????? break;

??? }

}

//----android端申请权限-----------------

四、常见问题

（unity的gradle没有与android studio同步，仍使用的gradle6.7.1+jdk1.8，没有升级到gradle7.3.3+jdk11）

五、参考资料

1. Unity api：

Unity - Scripting API: Permission

2.ARFoundation示例：

GitHub - Unity-Technologies/arfoundation-samples: Example content for Unity projects based on AR Foundation

3.ARCore文档：

在 Unity (AR Foundation) 应用中执行光线投射 ?|? ARCore ?|? Google Developers